Iyo wunvise 'ibyuma byuma byuma byuma', ikintu cya mbere kigaragara birashoboka ko aribwo buryo bumenyerewe: imbaraga nziza, guhindagurika, kwihanganira kwambara neza, bikoresha amafaranga menshi. Ariko icyo nicyo kiganiro. Aho bibaye impamo, kandi aho imishinga myinshi yikubye, iri mubisobanuro kuva kurupapuro rwamakuru kugeza igice gifatika kumaduka, munsi yumutwaro. Ikinyuranyo hagati yimiterere yibintu bifatika hamwe nukuri kwabakinnyi, imashini, hamwe nibiterane niho umurimo nyawo ubera. Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi bifata ibyuma byimyanda nkibisanzwe byoroshye gusimbuza ibyuma cyangwa icyuma cyijimye, gusa mpura nibibazo bijyanye no gutunganya imashini, guhangayikishwa no gutungurwa bitunguranye kubice bito, cyangwa imikorere idahuye murwego rumwe. Ntabwo ari ibicuruzwa; ni ibikoresho-byunvikana.
Fondasiyo ya Casting: Byose Bitangirira Mububiko
Ntushobora kuvuga kubyerekeye kwizerwa ibyuma byubaka ibyuma utiriwe winjira mubikorwa bya mbere. Ibikoresho bya mashini bitetse aho ngaho. Imiterere ya spheroidal grafite - izo nodules ziha guhindagurika - ziroroshye mugihe cyo gukomera. Igipimo cyo gukonjesha, imyitozo yo gukingira, ndetse nubushyuhe bwicyuma iyo ikubise, byose bigira uruhare runini. Igice gifite umubyimba mwinshi hamwe nubunini bworoshye birashobora kugira microstructures zitandukanye (kandi, imitungo) muribyo bice bitandukanye. Ndibuka ibikoresho byambaye ubusa twigeze kubona; byasaga neza, byatsinze igenzura ryibanze, ariko byananiranye muburyo bwo gupima umunaniro. Nyirabayazana? Kugabanya ububobere bwihishe kurubuga, ibisubizo bitaziguye bya sisitemu yateguwe nabi itagaburira igice cyimbitse neza. Igishushanyo cyahamagaye icyiciro cya 65-45-12, ariko ibyo twabonye muri kariya gace gakomeye byari bifite intege nke, byoroshye.
Aha niho inzira yihariye yibikorwa. Amaduka abisobanukiwe neza, nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka mirongo itatu mumashanyarazi no gushora imari, ifite imitsi yibitekerezo. Ntabwo basuka ibyuma gusa; bayobora siyanse yo gushimangira. Kuri ibice byicyuma ibyo bireba imitwaro ifite imbaraga - tekereza umubiri wa hydraulic valve, compressor crankshafts, cyangwa ibice byo guhagarika imirimo iremereye - iyi fondasiyo ntishobora kuganirwaho. Gushiramo agace gato cyangwa gutera inshinge zirashobora guhinduka intangiriro yo guca umurongo.
Guhitamo hagati yibishishwa no gushora imari kumyuma ihindagurika akenshi iva mubintu bigoye no kurangiza bikenewe. Kubice bifite ibice byimbere cyangwa ibice byingirakamaro, ibishushanyo mbonera bitanga impirimbanyi nziza. Ariko niba ukeneye hafi-net-shusho hamwe nubuso budasanzwe hamwe nubushakashatsi buto, cyane cyane kubintu bito, bigoye, ibisobanuro byogushora imari birashobora kuzigama amahirwe kumashini yakurikiyeho. Nibisesengura-byunguka bitangirira kubishushanyo mbonera, ntabwo ari ibitekerezo.
Imashini: Aho Igitekerezo gihurira nigikoresho Bit
Nicyiciro aho ibitekerezo bigeragezwa. Imashini yicyuma ihindagurika itandukanye nicyuma. Birababaje, dukesha igishushanyo, kandi birashobora kuba gummy. Fata umuvuduko wawe, kugaburira, cyangwa igikoresho cya geometrie nabi, kandi uzatwika winjizamo cyangwa ubone akazi gakomeye, kashaje kazashira mugihe gito. Ibi nabyize inzira igoye hakiri kare, ngerageza gukoresha inzu ya pompe yicyuma ifite ibipimo byiza byuma bya karubone. Ibikoresho byamaze igice kinini, kandi kurangiza hejuru byari biteye ubwoba, biganisha ku kibazo cyo kumeneka kashe mu nteko.
Igishushanyo cya grafite mucyuma cyumukara gikora nka chip yameneka, kuburyo byoroshye gukora imashini. Ductile fer's nodular graphite ntabwo ibikora. Ukeneye ibikoresho bikarishye, byiza-rake, akenshi hamwe nububiko bwihariye nka AlTiN, kandi ugomba kuzirikana ubushyuhe. Reka igice gishyushye cyane, kandi urashobora rwose guhindura microstructure hejuru, ukarema igorofa, igoye cyane ni inzozi zo gukomeza gutunganya cyangwa gukora. Gukoresha neza gukonjesha ntabwo ari ubuzima bwibikoresho gusa; nibijyanye no kubungabunga ibintu bifatika wishyuye muri casting.
Iyi niyo mpamvu gufatanya nuwabitanze akora byombi gukina na Imashini ya CNC murugo, nka QSY, irashobora koroshya ibintu. Basobanukiwe imyitwarire yibikoresho kuva gushonga kugeza igice cyarangiye. Bazi uburyo imihangayiko isigaye iterwa na casting ishobora kugira ingaruka no gufunga, kandi barashobora guhindura ingamba zabo zo gutunganya. Ikuraho urutoki rwerekana urutoki hagati yimishinga nububiko bwimashini mugihe kwihanganira kubura. Gutanga ibitekerezo birakomeye.
Ikibazo cya Alloy: Ntabwo ibyuma byose byangiza bingana
ASTM A nicyiciro gisanzwe, ariko iyo niyo ntangiriro. Kubice biri mubidukikije byangirika cyangwa mubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ukandagira mubyuma bivangavanze - silicon-molybdenum (SiMo) kugirango irwanye ubushyuhe, cyangwa amanota ya nikel yagabanijwe kubora no kwambara. Twari dufite umushinga w'itanura risaba gukora neza kuri 800 ° C. Icyuma gisanzwe cyuma cyashushanyije kandi cyananiwe. Twajyanye nicyuma kinini-silicon ductile icyuma, ikora urwego ruhamye rwa okiside ya silicon, ariko byatumye ibikoresho birushaho kugora imashini. Byari ibicuruzwa, ariko iburyo bwo gusaba.
Rimwe na rimwe, guhitamo ntabwo ari ibyuma byangirika. Kubwimyambarire ikabije cyangwa ingaruka, urashobora kureba kuri ADI (Austempered Ductile Iron), ikorerwa ubushyuhe kugirango igere ku mbaraga zidasanzwe no gukomera. Cyangwa, kubice bitunganya imiti yangirika cyane, icyuma kinini-nikel austenitis ductile icyuma (Ni-Resist) gishobora kuba igisubizo. Ingingo ni, kwerekana ibyuma byimyanda bidasobanutse neza. Ugomba gusobanura ibidukikije bya serivisi - guhangayika, ubushyuhe, itangazamakuru, gupakira cycle - guhitamo icyiciro gikwiye. Utanga isoko afite uburambe budasanzwe, nkuko bigaragara muri portfolio ya QSY hamwe na cobalt hamwe na nikel ishingiye kuri nikel, asanzwe atekereza kururu rwego; babona ko guhitamo ibikoresho ari porogaramu-ikoreshwa.
Ikintu kimwe gikunze kwirengagizwa ni itandukaniro riri hagati yimiterere ya matrix ya ferritic na pearlitis mumanota asanzwe. Matrix ya ferritic (fer nyinshi, pearlite nkeya) itanga guhindagurika neza no kurwanya ingaruka ariko imbaraga nke nubukomere. Isaro ya pearlitike irakomeye kandi irakomeye, nziza yo kwambara, ariko idahungabana. Urashobora kubihindura ukoresheje ubushyuhe nyuma yo guta. Nibindi bikoresho byo guhindukira, ariko ugomba kumenya ko ugomba kubihindura.
Imyifatire-Yisi Yukuri hamwe no Kumva Ubwiza
Kurenga raporo ya laboratoire, hariho tactile, hafi ya hafi yo guca imanza ibyuma byubaka ibyuma. Ijwi igice cyiza gikora iyo gikubiswe byoroheje ni urusaku rwijimye, rukomeye, ntabwo ari ping ityaye. Ubuso bwamafuti meza yarashwe neza afite isuku ihamye, ifite ibara ryijimye, idafite umucanga watwitswe cyangwa ubukonje bugaragara. Mugihe cyo gutunganya, chipi igomba kuva muri C, yamenetse C, ntabwo ari ndende, imishumi cyangwa umukungugu. Nibisanzwe QC igenzura utezimbere mugihe.
Umutego munini ni ukwirengagiza ibikorwa bya kabiri. Vuga ko ufite ibyuma byangirika bikenera isahani cyangwa gushushanya. Niba gutora bidasukuwe neza - kurasa guturika, hanyuma usukure mumiti kugirango ukureho umusenyi cyangwa igisigara gisigaye - gutwika bizananirana. Adhesion nikibazo kinini. Twigeze kugira igice cyibice byateye imbere mugupima umunyu. Intandaro yabyo yari microscopique silicike isigara ivuye kumusenyi ubumba ntawatekereje kugenzura nyuma yo guturika.
Ikindi kibazo gikunze kugaragara ni uguhagarara kurwego, cyangwa kubura, nyuma yo gutunganya nabi. Niba gutoranya bitarorohewe neza (akenshi ni annealing cycle), birashobora kugenda bitangaje nyuma yo gufata ibice byambere biremereye, ukajugunya gahunda zawe zose za CNC witonze. Nintambwe yongeramo ikiguzi nigihe, ariko kuyisiba ni urusimbi. Utanga isoko yizewe azaba afite protocole isanzwe kuriyi ishingiye kubice bya geometrie n'ubugari bw'urukuta.
Kwishyira hamwe nubusabane bwabatanga
Kurangiza, kubona imikorere, yizewe igice cyicyuma igice ntabwo kugura transaction ya widget. Nubufatanye buke. Ibisubizo byiza biva muburyo bwo gushinga imashini. Bashobora gutanga umushinga muto wo guhindura impinduka kugirango wuzuze neza? Ese kongeramo radiyo ntoya mu mfuruka byakuraho ibyago byo guhangayika no kubabaza umutwe? Ese kwihanganira kugaragara kubintu bidakomeye bitwara 80% yikiguzi cyo gukora?
Isosiyete itanga serivise yuzuye ihagaritse, kuva gukora igishushanyo (niba bikenewe) kugeza gukina kugeza kumashini, nkibyo ubona hamwe Ikoranabuhanga rya Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY), itanga ingingo imwe yo kubazwa. Amateka yabo yimyaka 30 mugukina no gutunganya ntabwo ari umurongo wo kwamamaza gusa; irerekana ko bakemuye ibibazo byukuri - kugabanuka, kugoreka, kwambara ibikoresho, kurangiza - kubihumbi. Bubatse inzira igenzura n'ubumenyi bwa tacit. Iyo uboherereje igishushanyo cyibintu bigoye byuma byuma, basoma hagati yumurongo, batekereza uburyo bwo kubikora, gukoreshwa, kandi biramba, ntabwo ari uburyo bwo kubivuga gusa.
Noneho, iyo ntekereje kubyuma byububiko bwibyuma byubu, ntekereza bike kubijyanye nimiterere yigitabo nibindi byinshi bijyanye nurunigi rwibyemezo nubugenzuzi bihindura ibintu byiza mubice byinshi. Nubuhanga bwumushinga, ibipimo bya mashini, ibisobanuro bya injeniyeri, byose birahujwe. Ibikoresho birashoboye, ariko imikorere yabyo itangwa nibikorwa. Kandi iyo nzira ni byose.
