Reka tuvugishe ukuri, iyo abantu benshi bumvise gukina neza, bashushanya igice kitagira inenge, kirabagirana kiva mubibumbano, biteguye kohereza. Nizo nzozi zo kwamamaza. Ukuri, gusya burimunsi, ni imishyikirano ihoraho hagati ya geometrie nziza kuri moderi ya CAD hamwe na fiziki yinangiye yicyuma gishongeshejwe. Ntabwo ari ukwihanganirana gusa; ni ibijyanye no kwihanganira ibintu byisubiramo, bigasubirwamo mugice cya 50 cyangwa 5000, cyane cyane mugihe uhuye numuyoboro wimbere cyangwa ibice bikikijwe n'inkuta zikora ibyuya bya mashini. Abakiriya benshi baza batekereza ko ari verisiyo nziza yo guta umucanga, ariko ikinyuranyo mugucunga inzira, imyitwarire yibintu, hamwe na nyuma yo gutunganywa ni nkurwobo.
Intego yibanze: Ni Sisitemu, Ntabwo Intambwe
Nukuri kwukuri gutondetse neza, byibura uko mbibona, bitangira kera mbere yuko itanura rirasa. Bishinze imizi muburyo bwo gutoranya inzira. Kuri twe, ibyo akenshi bisobanura gushora imari cyangwa gushushanya ibishishwa. Guhitamo ntabwo ari ubushake. Niba igice gifite ibice byimbitse, imbere byongeye kwinjira cyangwa bigasaba kurangiza neza kurenza Ra 6.3, gushora imari ninzira yonyine ishobora kubaho. Ariko nabonye imishinga yananiwe kuko iki cyemezo cyafashwe gusa kurupapuro rwihariye rwo kwihanganira utarinze gusuzuma. Urugero, nikel ndende cyane, yitwara muburyo butandukanye mugihe cyo gukomera mugikonoshwa ceramic ugereranije nicyuma cya karubone - ibisabwa byo kugaburira, ibyago byo guturika bishyushye, bari kurundi rwego.
Aha niho imyaka 30-idasanzwe ikora kuri sosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY) ifite akamaro. Ntabwo ari agakarita kurubuga; ni isomero ryegeranijwe, hafi yintangiriro yibitabo bya alloys ikina neza nibikorwa. Urashobora gusoma ibijyanye nigabanuka ryikigereranyo cya 17-4PH ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ariko ukamenya guhindura sisitemu yo kwinjirira kugirango ukemure iryo gabanuka kumazu ya turbine, ushingiye kumurimo nk'uwo kuva mumyaka itanu ishize, nukuri neza. Ibyibandwaho byabo bidasanzwe, nka cobalt na nikel, ntabwo ari urutonde rwibintu gusa; bivuze ko bishoboka ko barwanye kandi bagakemura ibibazo byo kugoreka bikubiye muri ibyo bikoresho byo hejuru.
Uruhande rwo gutunganya, guhuza CNC bavuga, ntabwo biganirwaho. Umuntu wese usaba ukuri kwukuri adafite imashini yo murugo arimo gutanga icyiciro gikomeye. Kubera iki? Kuberako ibimenyetso bya datum bigomba gukorerwa muburyo bumwe ugereranije na geometrie. Niba utaye flange ifite kwihanganira ± 0.2mm kumuzingi wa bolt, hanyuma ukayohereza mumaduka yundi muntu wongeye kuyifunga, wabuze ibisekuru byukuri. Ubushobozi bwo kuva mubishishwa cyangwa gushora imari mu ruganda rwa CNC mubidukikije bigenzurwa nibyo bifunga ubunyangamugayo.
Aho Theory ihura nukuri (Rimwe na rimwe Messy) Ukuri
Urubanza rufatanije nanjye rwarimo ibintu byinshi byo gupima hydraulic. Ibisobanuro byahamagariye ibice byimbere bifitanye isano na diameter ya 12mm, yihanganira ± 0.1mm, muri 316 idafite umwanda. Ku mpapuro, birashoboka hamwe no gushora imari neza. Icyitegererezo cya CAD cyari gitunganye. Porotipire yambere yasohotse isa neza, ariko mugihe cyo kugerageza igitutu, twasohotse. Ntabwo ari ibiza, ahubwo ni akavuyo. Nyirabayazana? Ntabwo aribwo buryo nyamukuru bwa diametre, ariko byoroshye, bisa nkibidashoboka-gupima gutandukana muburyo bwuwo muyoboro wimbere wa mmmm 150mm, byatewe no guhinduranya umunota wa ceramic ceramic mugihe cyo gusuka. Ibisobanuro byari bihari mubipimo bihamye, ariko ntabwo byari bihuye.
Twabikemuye, ariko ntabwo muburyo bwo kunoza uburyo bwo kwihanganira abakinnyi. Ibyo byari bimaze kurenga. Gukosora byari ubufatanye bushya hamwe nabakiriya: twongereye gato ingano ya bore nominal kandi twerekana ibikorwa bya honing post-casting kubice bikomeye bya kashe. Abakinnyi batugejejeho 95% ngaho hamwe no kugabanya ibintu bigoye (nta mpamvu yo gucukura no gucomeka amasangano menshi), kandi gutunganya neza byarangije akazi. Iyi ni symbiose ifatika. Byanyigishije ko gukina neza cyane akenshi bijyanye no kumenya aho imipaka igarukira no gutegura ibikorwa bya kabiri kugirango byuzuze, ntabwo ari ukurwanya.
Ubundi kubabara umutwe bifatika nibisabwa kwisiga. Byinshi mubisobanuro bizakenera kutagira inenge nkibikorwa byo hejuru-bigaragara cyane. Ariko inenge isobanura iki? Ese ishoramari rito ryo gutoranya ryemewe? Ese umurongo ucitse intege uva mugikonoshwa ni inenge? Twize gukora ikibaho cyicyitegererezo gifite urwego rutandukanye rwimiterere yemewe-amasezerano agaragara nabakiriya. Irinda ayo makimbirane ababaza nyuma yo kubyara aho igice cyuzuye neza ariko kikangwa no guhamagarwa kwiza. Ibi bintu ntabwo bigeze mubitabo.
Ibikoresho ni Ikarita yo mu gasozi
Gukorana na lisiti idasanzwe ya QSY urutonde, nka nikel-ishingiye kuri nikel, mubyukuri itandukanya ibisanzwe nabiyemeje. Ibi bikoresho bifite umuvuduko ukabije ugereranije nicyuma gisanzwe. Uratekereza ko wateguye uburyo bwiza bwo kwinjirira igice cyoroshye, ariko icyuma kirashaka gukonja vuba cyane, biganisha ku gufunga imbeho cyangwa gukora nabi. Ibisobanuro birananirana ntabwo bivuye ku ikosa rinini, ahubwo biva mubice bituzuye. Akazi kenshi karimo gushyushya icyuma kuruta uko byari bisanzwe no gukoresha ubushyuhe bushyushye cyane, hanyuma bikazana ibibazo byabwo bijyanye no gukura kwimbuto hamwe nubutaka bushobora kugaragara hamwe nigikonoshwa ceramic. Nibikorwa bingana aho ibitekerezo bya metallurgiste nibyingenzi nkumushinga wubushakashatsi.
Umutego wo gupima
Ntushobora gusaba ibisobanuro utabanje kubigenzura, kandi nicyo cyuho cyurukwavu. Umutego rusange ni ugupima cyane. Gushyira CMM iperereza kuri buri buso bwa casting igoye birahenze kandi bitwara igihe. Urufunguzo ni ukumenya ibintu-byingenzi-bikora (CTF) - mubisanzwe hejuru yubusabane, ahantu hafite, hamwe nubunini bwurukuta rwihariye - no kwibanda kuri protocole yo gupima. Kubindi, bitanenze neza byuburanga, byoroshye kugenda / nta-kugenda cyangwa kugenzura bigaragara birahagije. Nataye iminsi nkora raporo yubugenzuzi bwuzuye ko ntamuntu wakoresheje, mugihe urupapuro rwurupapuro rumwe rugaragaza amakuru ya CTF rwaba rufite agaciro cyane. Icyitonderwa kigomba kuba cyiza kugirango kibe cyiza mubucuruzi.
Iyi sano isubira inyuma yo gutunganya imashini. Akenshi, inzira yambere yo gutambutsa hejuru ya datum nubugenzuzi bugaragaza cyane. Ufata 0.2mm ukata mumaso igenda uhita ureba niba ububobere cyangwa kugabanuka biri mumafaranga yahanuwe. Nibitekerezo nyabyo ko uruganda rwihariye rutabona nyuma yicyumweru, mugihe igice cyanze kiva mumaduka yimashini yabakiriya.
None, Niki Cyukuri Gutangwa?
Nyuma yibi byose, mubyukuri urimo kugura iki hamwe na progaramu yo gutara neza? Ntabwo ugura igice gusa gifite imibare ifatanye. Urimo kugura igiciro cyose cyigiciro cya geometrike igoye. Urimo kugura ubunyangamugayo bwibintu mubice bimwe byenda gusudwa cyangwa guteranyirizwa hamwe mubice byinshi byakozwe. Urimo kugura igihe cyo kuzigama ukuraho 80% byimigabane. Kandi urimo kugura ibicuruzwa byegeranijwe - ubushobozi bwabo bwo kureba igishushanyo bakavuga bati, Iyi radiyo irakaze cyane kubivanze wasobanuye, bizatera impungenge; reka tubihindure kuri X, cyangwa Turashobora gufata ubwo bworoherane, ariko bizikuba kabiri ikiguzi; ubu buso burahuza nibindi bice?
Urebye urwego rutanga, nkibiri hejuru Ikoranabuhanga rya Qingdao Qiangsenyuan urubuga (https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), guhuza uburyo bwihariye bwo gukina, ubuhanga bwibikoresho, hamwe no gutunganya CNC murugo nibimenyetso bifatika byubushobozi. Irerekana igenamigambi ryagenewe gucunga urwego rwose rwagaciro rwo gukora ibice byuzuye, ntabwo bihuza gusa mumurongo wacitsemo ibice kandi bikunze kwibeshya. Ikizamini nyacyo, burigihe, kiri murwego rwa prototyping. Aho niho igitekerezo, urubuga ruvuga, hamwe nuburambe bwimyaka myinshi bishyira hamwe mubice bikora cyangwa bigatandukana. Nta kwihisha muri raporo yo kugenzura ingingo ya mbere.
Mu kurangiza, gukina neza ni tekinoroji ikuze, ifite akamaro gakomeye, ariko ntabwo ari amarozi. Nubukorikori bushyigikiwe na siyanse nibibazo byinshi byo gukemura. Ibisubizo byiza biva mubifata nkigishushanyo mbonera hamwe nubufatanye bwo gukora uhereye ku gishushanyo cya mbere cyane, ntabwo ari igikorwa cyamasoko yumukara. Ibisobanuro nibyinshi mubitumanaho no gutegura nkuko biri mubyuma ubwabyo.
