Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'igishoro cyihariye cyo gushora imari', bashushanya igice kitagira inenge, inshusho-neti igororotse hanze yikibumbano, cyiteguye guterana. Udutabo n'imbuga za interineti bituma bisa nkuburozi. Ukuri, igice cyishyura fagitire kandi kigakomeza abakiriya kugaruka, byose bijyanye no gucunga ibitagaragara: ibintu byo kugabanuka bitari mubitabo byifashishwa mu kuvanga ibintu byihariye, uburyo igishushanyo mbonera cyihariye gishobora gukurura igishishwa cyose mugihe cya dewax, cyangwa ubuso burangiza gucuruza mugihe wirukanye urukuta ruto kandi rugoye imbere. Ntabwo ari ugukora ifu gusa; nijyanye no kumenya urunigi rwose rwibyabaye kuva moderi ya 3D kugeza birangiye, bikorewe imashini.
Urufatiro: Itangira (kandi akenshi Iratsitara) hamwe nicyitegererezo
Umuntu wese yibanze ku cyuma, ariko intambwe yambere yambere nigikoresho cyo gushushanya. Nabonye imishinga iteshuka hano kuruta ahandi. Ntushobora gufata moderi ya CAD gusa no gusya icyitegererezo gipfa. Ugomba gukurikiza amategeko yo kugabanya, ariko niyihe? Igipimo cyatangajwe kuri 316 idafite ingese ni intangiriro, ariko mubikorwa, ihinduka hamwe na geometrie. Ikirebire, cyoroshye kirashobora kugabanya kugabanuka bitandukanye nigice kinini. Ibi twabyize inzira igoye hakiri kare, tubyara igice cyimibiri ya valve yari itunganijwe neza kuri CMM usibye isura ikomeye ya flange - yari yarahagaritswe bihagije kugirango itere ikibazo. Amavuta yagabanutse nkuko byari byarahanuwe, ariko icyitegererezo nticyigeze kibara ubukonje butandukanye. Noneho, twubaka indishyi zishingiye kubice bya topologiya, ntabwo ari ijanisha gusa.
Noneho hariho ibikoresho byerekana ubwabyo. Kubwijwi rito gushora imari, prototyping yihuse nka SLA cyangwa gucapa ibishashara biragerageza. Birihuta. Ariko kugirango ukore ibice 50, guhora kwa aluminiyumu cyangwa ibyuma bipfa gupfa bifite agaciro kambere. Ubuso bwacapishijwe ibishashara bifite ubuso, intambwe ntoya-yintambwe, yimurira mugikonoshwa ceramic hanyuma ikajya mubyuma. Niba ukeneye microinch ya Ra 63 cyangwa nziza nkubuso, icyo nikibazo. Kuzigama kwambere guhinduka hamwe nibiciro byinyongera byo kurangiza.
Aha niho uburambe bwa mugenzi wawe bwerekana. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka mirongo itatu, birashoboka ko yubatse ibihumbi. Iri somero ryamateka yamateka yukuntu imiterere itandukanye yitwara muburyo butagereranywa. Ni itandukaniro riri hagati yo kugabanuka kwa theoretical hamwe byemejwe, byahinduwe kimwe kuri turbine nicyuma cya pompe.
Umukino wa Shell: Ceramics, Stucco, nigihe cyo Kuma
Igikonoshwa cyo kubaka niho ubuhanzi buhurira na siyanse. Ikoti ryibanze ryibanze ni ingenzi kurangiza, ariko amakoti yinyuma ni imbaraga. Guhitamo stucco - zircon, silika yahujwe, alumino-silikatike - biterwa nubushyuhe bwamazi ya alloy hamwe nibice bikenerwa nubushyuhe. Gusuka nikel ishingiye kuri superalloy? Urimo gukoresha rwose ikote rya zirconi hamwe na stucco kugirango wirinde icyuma-cyuma. Ariko ibyo bihenze. Kubikoresho byinshi bya karubone, sisitemu ya silika yahujwe ikora neza kandi igabanya ibiciro.
Kumisha umwanya hagati yo kwibiza ni umwicanyi wicecekeye gahunda na quality. Byihute, hanyuma umutego. Umuvuduko wamazi mugihe cya dewax yubushyuhe bwo hejuru irashobora kuvunika igikonoshwa imbere. Twigeze gutakaza igiti cyose cyimyanya yo mu kirere kubera ko ubushyuhe bwo mu cyumba cyo kumisha butabazwe. Igikonoshwa cyasaga neza kugeza giturikiye muri autoclave ya dewax. Noneho, dukurikiranira hafi ibidukikije nkibicuramye.
Ubunini bwigikonoshwa nubundi guhamagarwa. Umubyimba urakomeye, ariko kandi bisobanura ikiguzi cyibikoresho byinshi, igihe cyo gushyushya igihe kinini mbere yo gusuka, kandi birashoboka ko ubukonje bukabije bwicyuma. Kubintu bifite uruzitiro ruto, ukeneye igikonjo gikomeye kugirango wirinde kumeneka mugihe cyo gutunganya, ariko ntushaka misa yumuriro itinda gukomera no guteza ibibazo byimiterere yingano. Nuburinganire wiga kubyiyumvo, akenshi nukumena ibishishwa bike kugirango ugenzure neza nimbaraga.
Dewax na Burnout: Guhinduka kutagaragara
Dewax ntabwo ishonga ibishashara gusa. Autoclave zigezweho zikoresha amavuta yumuvuduko mwinshi kugirango zishonge kandi zivemo vuba. Urufunguzo ni umuvuduko nigenzura - gusohora ibishashara mbere yuko byaguka bihagije kugirango ucike ceramic. Ariko nyuma ya dewax, ufite igikonjo cyubusa, cyoroshye. Inzira yo gutwika noneho irayirasa kuri 1000 ° C kugirango itwike ibintu byose bisigara, gusiga ibice bya ceramic hamwe kugirango imbaraga, hanyuma uzane ifumbire hejuru yubushyuhe bwo gusuka. Niba igipimo cyihuta cyane, ihungabana ryumuriro ritera gucika. Buhoro cyane, kandi urimo guta itanura n'imbaraga. Nuburyo bwubukorikori butunganijwe, akenshi bwihariye kuri shell sisitemu nubunini bwigice.
Metallurgie no Gusuka: Aho Icyemezo cyamazi kibera
Iki nicyo gihe cyukuri. Ufite ifu ishyushye hamwe nitanura ryicyuma gishongeshejwe. Guhitamo ibikoresho bisa nkibyoroshye kuva kurupapuro rwihariye, ariko imyitozo yo gushonga nibintu byose. Kurugero, hamwe nicyuma kitagira umwanda, kugenzura ibirimo azote ningirakamaro mubikorwa bya ruswa. Ntushobora guta ibisigazwa mu itanura ryinjira. Amavuta yo kwisiga agomba kugenzurwa.
Gutesha agaciro ni iyindi ntambwe ikomeye, cyane cyane kuri aluminiyumu cyangwa ibyuma bisaba imbaraga z'umunaniro mwinshi. Amashanyarazi ya hydrogen ava mubushuhe ni umwanzi. Uzabibona nyuma nka porosity muri radiografi. Dukorana nurwego ruva kumyuma kugeza kumavuta adasanzwe nka Stolite ishingiye kuri cobalt, kandi buriwese afite imbyino. Gusuka amavuta ya cobalt kumwanya wintebe idashobora kwambara ni inyamaswa itandukanye no gusuka ibyuma byimyubakire kubikoresho byuma. Ubushyuhe bukabije, umuvuduko mwinshi kugirango wirinde imivurungano, gukoresha ubukonje mubibumbano kugirango bikomeze gukomera these aya mahitamo yose akorwa muminota ukurikije isesengura ryubushyuhe hamwe na geometrike.
QSY ivuga gukorana nudukoryo twihariye nka nikel ishingiye kuri nikel na cobalt ni ikimenyetso cyubushobozi. Ibi ntabwo ari ibikoresho byoroshye. Bafite ingingo zo gushonga cyane, akenshi zirakora, kandi bisaba gucunga neza ubushyuhe kugirango bagere kubintu bifuza (nko kurwanya creep mu gice cya turbine). Gukoresha ibyo bikoresho wizeye bivuze ko bashora imari mu ikoranabuhanga ryiza kandi bafite ubuhanga bwa metallurgjiya kugirango babishyigikire.
Ingaruka: Gusukura, Kurangiza, na CNC Handshake
Iyo casting imaze gukonja hanyuma ukavunika igikonoshwa, usigara ufite igice kitoroshye gifatanye na sisitemu yo kwinjira. Inzira ya knockout ikeneye kwitabwaho - ntushaka kwangiza ibintu byoroshye waremye. Noneho haza gukata, mubisanzwe hamwe n'inziga zangiza cyangwa bande. Nyuma yibyo, gusya kugirango ukureho amarembo. Nibikorwa byintoki, ubuhanga. Urusyo ruzi igice rushobora kugukiza igihe cyo gukora nyuma; umuntu udashobora gusya hejuru ya datum igaragara.
Aha niho kwishyira hamwe Imashini ya CNC ihinduka kutaganirwaho kubice byuzuye. Abashoramari bake cyane mubyukuri ni net-imiterere kubikorwa bikora. Ukeneye amasura yatunganijwe kugirango ushireho kashe, wacukuwe kandi ushyizweho umwobo ufite amasomo asobanutse neza, cyangwa diameter irambiwe kwihanganira cyane. Inyungu nini ya gushora imari hano ni uko iguha hafi-net-shusho ya preform, ukagabanya ingano ya alloy ihenze ugomba gukora imashini kure. Itanga kandi amafaranga adahoraho kandi ntarengwa yimigabane, ituma imashini ikora cyane, inzira yibikoresho byateganijwe.
Kugira byombi no gutunganya munsi yinzu, nkuko QSY ibikora, bivanaho ingingo nini yo guterana amagambo. Ikipe ya casting izi neza ububiko bwo gusiga abakanishi. Abakanishi basobanukiwe nibishobora guterwa bidasanzwe (nkibintu bito bito bito cyangwa ibintu bito bito) kandi birashobora gutangiza igikorwa cyambere cyo guhanagura ibintu bikomeye mbere. Ubu busabane nicyo gihindura casting nziza mubice byizewe, bikora neza. Kugerageza guhuza ibi mubice bibiri bitandukanye kubitanga ni umutwe wumutungo wa logistique, guhinduranya amakosa, no kongerera igihe cyo kuyobora.
Umwanzuro: Umugenzo nyawo uri mu rubanza
None, imigenzo isobanura iki hano? Ntabwo ari ugukora imiterere yihariye. Byerekeranye nurubanza rwegeranijwe rushyirwa kuri buri ntambwe yimikorere. Nuguhitamo ikintu gikwiye cyo kugabanuka kuriyi lobe kuri impeller. Irimo gufata icyemezo cyo kongeramo ikoti yubutaka hejuru yisura imwe yikigero kuko moderi yubushyuhe yerekana ahantu hashyushye. Irimo guhindura igishushanyo mbonera kuva kumurimo uheruka gukora kugirango uzamure umusaruro 5%.
Agaciro k'ibikorwa bimaze igihe kinini ntabwo biri kurutonde rwibikoresho byabo gusa; biri mumitekerereze yabo yibibazo byakemuwe. Iyo barebye igishushanyo gishya, ntibareba imirongo gusa; barimo gushushanya ishusho ipfa, igikonoshwa cyubaka, gusuka, gukomera imbere, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwanyuma. Nibyo umuco muri gushora imari - uburyo bwuzuye bwo gukora, ntabwo ari serivisi yo kubumba gusa. Igice kigera kuri dock yabakiriya nigisubizo cyibyemezo ijana bito, byamenyeshejwe, ibyinshi ntabwo bigera mubikorwa byanditse.
