Iyo wunvise 'Inconel ishoramari casting', ishusho ihita iba imwe mubice byindege idashobora kwangirika cyangwa ibyuma bya turbine byaka Cherry umutuku. Ibyo ntabwo ari bibi, ariko ni urwego-rwo hejuru rureba hejuru yukuri. Inkuru nyayo ntabwo yerekeranye gusa na alloy ya mugani w'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru; ni kubyina byitondewe, akenshi bitesha umutwe hagati ya chimie, ubushyuhe, na ceramic shell. Benshi bibwira ko ushobora gutera 316 idafite umwanda, urashobora gutera Inconel 718.Icyo gitekerezo niho imishinga itangira kumena amafaranga nigihe.
Ikibazo Cyibanze: Byose bijyanye no kugenzura
Reka tumenye neza. Hamwe na Inconel, cyane cyane amanota agabanya imvura nka 718 cyangwa 625, ntabwo usuka ibyuma byamazi gusa. Urimo kuyobora isupu ikora ya nikel, chromium, niobium, na molybdenum ishaka gukora ibyiciro bisobanutse niba ubiretse bikonje. Igikorwa cyo gushora imari, hamwe nigikonoshwa cyacyo, gitanga uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura geometrike igoye - tekereza imiyoboro ikonje ihuriweho na turbine. Ariko icyo gishishwa kimwe gihinduka inzitizi yumuriro, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku gipimo cyo gukomera. Biratinda cyane, kandi ukabona gukura kwinshi kwimbuto hamwe nizo Lave mbi cyangwa ibice bya delta bigwa mukarere ka interdendritic, bikica guhindagurika nubuzima bwumunaniro. Nabonye ibice bitambutsa X-ray ariko bimeneka mugupima umunaniro muke kuko microstructure ntabwo yari ikwiye. Urupapuro rwihariye ruvuga Inconel 718, ariko imikorere iri muburyo burambuye ntabwo akenshi ikubiyemo.
Aha niho uburambe bwumushinga buba butagibwaho impaka. Ntabwo ari ukugira itanura rya vacuum gusa (VIM). Byerekeranye na pre-casting: inshinge zishashara zipfa gushushanya kugirango ugabanye kugabanuka nintambara muburyo bwonyine, gushiraho ibanze ryibanze (akenshi bishingiye kuri zircon), hamwe nuburyo bwo kwinuba. Kuri Inconel, shell permeability nimbaraga zishyushye zikenera uburinganire butandukanye nibyuma. Igikonoshwa cyinshi kirashobora gufata gaze kandi igatera ubwoba; intege nke cyane, kandi ushobora guhura n'ikibazo cyo gutemba cyangwa kugoreka mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ibi twabyize dukoresheje igice kibabaza cyimibiri ya valve imyaka mike ishize. Ubuso bwiza burangiza, ariko ibizamini bya ultrasonic byagaragaje kugabanuka gutatanye mubice byimbitse. Nyirabayazana? Igikonoshwa cyo guteka cyarazimye, kandi ubushyuhe bwumuriro mugihe cyo gukomera ntibyacunzwe. Subira mu cyumba cy'ibishashara.
Kuvuga ibishashara, gukuraho (dewaxing) intambwe nubundi buhanzi bworoshye. Hamwe na Inconel yo hejuru yo gushonga, mubisanzwe ukoresha umuvuduko ukabije wamazi autoclaving. Ariko niba ibishashara bidahuye cyangwa umurongo wumuvuduko wikizenga urakabije, urashobora kumena icyatsi kibisi. Umusatsi wumusatsi udashobora no kubona uzafungura mugihe cya 1500 ° C + ubushyuhe hanyuma uhinduke fin cyangwa flash kuri casting. Nukwanga. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwo kugenzura butandukanya iduka ryakazi ninzobere. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka mirongo itatu muri gushora imari no kuvuga byihariye bya nikel-ishingiye kuri alloys, byabaye ngombwa ko twubaka iri somero ryimpamvu-ningaruka binyuze mubigeragezo no kwibeshya. Ni muri bo gutunganya ubushobozi nabwo - kurangiza igice cya Inconel bisaba kumenya uko uruhu rwifata kubikoresho byo gutema, bihuza nubusugire bwa casting.
Puzzle ya Post-Cast: Kuvura Ubushyuhe nibice byo gukina
Ntushobora gutandukanya casting no kuvura ubushyuhe bwayo. Ntabwo ari igikorwa cya kabiri; nicyiciro cyanyuma cyo gukomera. Kuri Inconel 718, urimo kureba igisubizo cyo gukemura no gusaza. Ariko igihe nubushyuhe bigenwa nuburyo bwa cast-structure. Niba ingano yawe ari nini kubera gukomera buhoro, ushobora gukenera guhindura ibipimo byo kuvura. Wibeshye, kandi gamma kabiri-prime (γ) ikomeza icyiciro ntigishobora kugwa neza. Igice kizaba cyoroshye, kidakora neza.
Ndibuka umushinga wa manifold ikorera mumuvuduko mwinshi, gazi ishyushye. Abakinnyi basohotse basohotse neza. Twakoze ubushyuhe busanzwe 718: igisubizo 980 ° C, gukonjesha ikirere, hanyuma 720 ° C gufata amasaha 8, itanura rikonje kugeza kuri 620 ° C, gufata amasaha 8, gukonjesha ikirere. Imiterere ya tensile yari kumurongo wo hasi. Ikibazo? Guhuza ibitsina. Microsegregation kuva muri casting yari ihagije kugirango habeho imiterere ya chimie yaho yagize ingaruka kubusaza. Tugomba kongeramo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa homogenisation mbere yintambwe isanzwe, byagize ingaruka nke kumikurire yintete ariko biduha matrix imwe. Cyakoze, ariko cyongeyeho ikiguzi nigihe cyigihe. Isomo: metallurgiste wumushinga hamwe nubuvuzi bushyushye bigomba kuba mubiganiro bihoraho. Serivise yuzuye itanga ibisubizo byombi hamwe na Imashini ya CNC munsi yinzu, nkuko ibikorwa bya QSY byerekana, bifite inyungu zitandukanye hano. Bagenzura urutonde rwose kuva ibishashara kugeza igice cyarangije gutunganyirizwa, bityo ibitekerezo byo kugaruka birakomeye.
Ikizamini kidahwitse (NDT) nacyo gifata indi mico. Hamwe na Inconel castings kubikorwa bikomeye, akenshi urenze X-ray isanzwe. Igenzura rya Fluorescent (FPI) ni ngombwa kugirango habeho ubusembwa. Ariko kubwubunyangamugayo bwimbere, cyane cyane mubice bikikijwe n'inkuta, twimukiye cyane kuri comptabilite ya tomografiya (CT). Birahenze, ariko kubintu bya peteroli bigoye hamwe nibice by'imbere, niyo nzira yonyine yo kwemeza ko ntamahinduka yibanze cyangwa ceramic isigaye ishobora guhagarara muri serivisi. Uru nurwego rwo kugenzura ibintu bisabwa.
Guhitamo Ibikoresho: Ntabwo Inconels Yose Iringana Kukina
Inconel ni umuryango. 625 ikunze guhitamo kubwo gusudira no kurwanya ruswa, kandi mubisanzwe bifatwa nkibishobora kurenza 718 kuko ni igisubizo gikomeye gishimangira, ntabwo gikomera. Ufite impungenge nke zo kuvura ubushyuhe, ariko uracyakeneye kureba amarira ashyushye. Noneho hariho Inconel 713C, vintage ariko iracyakoreshwa mumavuta ya turbine, arimo zirconium na karubone kumupaka wimbuto. Birazwi cyane kubyumva ubushyuhe. Impamyabumenyi nkeya zirashyushye cyane, kandi ibinyampeke bigenda nabi; byiza cyane, kandi ukabona amakosa. Irasaba uruganda rubika ibiti bitagira inenge - ubushyuhe bwose, ubushyuhe buri gusuka, buri kintu kinini cya alloy.
Guhitamo amavuta akenshi bimanuka mubikorwa bikora hamwe na geometrie igice. Imiterere ihagaze neza irashobora kuvaho 625.Ibintu bizunguruka munsi ya 700 ° C bizakenera 718 kugirango imbaraga zayo zivemo. Ariko gutegura igice cya castability ni 50% yintambara. Inguni zikarishye ni umwanzi. Ubunini bwurukuta rumwe ninzozi wiruka. Twigeze kubanza guhindura inzibacyuho ya flange kumazu inshuro esheshatu hamwe na injeniyeri wogushushanya, twongeramo buhoro buhoro imbavu nimbavu, mbere yuko software yigana yerekana amajwi. Ubwo bufatanye hagati yuwashushanyije na injeniyeri yubushakashatsi ni ntagereranywa. Nikintu utezimbere mumyaka, kandi cyerekanwe kuramba kubikorwa byikigo, nkamateka arengeje imyaka 30 yavuzwe QSY. Iyo ngengabihe yerekana ko babonye ibishushanyo mbonera inshuro zitabarika.
Kandi ntitukibagirwe agaciro kabisa. Inconel ihindura ibikoresho bifite agaciro, ariko chimie yayo igomba kugenzurwa cyane mugihe yongeye gukoreshwa mugushonga. Kwanduzanya hamwe nandi mavuta ya nikel cyangwa nubushyuhe butandukanye bwa Inconel birashobora gusunika ibintu nka niobium cyangwa titanium bitagaragara. Uruganda rukomeye ruzaba rufite gahunda ihamye yo kuyobora, akenshi gushonga rever munsi yumubare utandukanye wubushyuhe kugirango ukoreshwe mubikorwa bidakomeye. Numukino wigiciro cyibikoresho nkumukino wa tekiniki.
Kwiyunga-Kwisi-Kwisi: Igiciro va Imikorere
Iyi nzira irazimvye. Amavuta ahenze. Igikoresho cyibishashara kirahenze. Igikonoshwa ibikoresho bihenze. Ingufu zo gushonga vacuum no kuvura ubushyuhe zihenze. Noneho uhitamo ryari Inconel ishoramari? Iyo imikorere yigice ifite ishingiro rwose. Iyo aribintu bifite agaciro kanini aho kunanirwa ari catastrophique, cyangwa aho bigoye gukuraho imashini kuva kuri bilet nkuburyo bwo guhitamo. Turimo kuvuga ibice aho igipimo cyo kugura-kuguruka (uburemere bwibikoresho fatizo nigice cyarangiye) ni astronomie niba byakozwe. Gukina bikwegera cyane kumiterere ya net.
Ariko hariho akarere ko kumvikana. Rimwe na rimwe, kubintu bitoroshye, ushobora guhitamo uburyo bwimvange. Tera imiterere rusange, ariko usige ububiko bwinyongera hejuru yikimenyetso gifatika cyangwa umwobo wa bolt Imashini ya CNC gukubita kwihanganira neza. Aha niho ibikoresho byahurijwe hamwe. Kohereza ibintu byoroshye, nkibikoresho bya Inconel kumaduka atandukanye yimashini bishobora kwangirika kandi byongera ibikoresho. Kugira byose bikorerwa ahantu hamwe, nkuko byavuzwe QSY ihuriweho na serivisi yo gukina no gutunganya, igabanya ingaruka kandi irashobora kunoza igenzura ryubuziranenge muri rusange. Ntabwo ugura casting gusa; urimo kugura urunigi rwubushobozi.
Ijambo ryanyuma riri kumico myiza. Hamwe nibikoresho hamwe nibikorwa, impapuro hamwe nibishobora kugaragara mubicuruzwa. Gukina bigomba kuza bifite raporo yemewe, ibishushanyo mbonera bivura ubushyuhe, na raporo ya NDT. Ni dosiye. Niba utanga isoko ashidikanya gutanga urwo rwego rwinyandiko, genda. Igice ntabwo ari ikintu gifatika gusa; ni garanti yimikorere yabikoze. Nyuma yimyaka mirongo itatu, isosiyete yumva ko izina ryayo ryubakiye kuri iyo dossier kimwe no mubice byohereza umuryango.
Kureba Imbere: Ubukorikori Bwihindagurika
Ibi byose bigana he? Gukora inyongera (icapiro rya 3D) muri Inconel irimo kubona ibinyamakuru byinshi, kandi kubwimpamvu. Itanga ubwisanzure bwa geometrike. Ariko kubicuruzwa biciriritse kugeza hejuru cyane byibice bito, bigoye cyane, gushora imari biracyafite ubukungu bukomeye. Ejo hazaza, ndakeka ko ari muri Hybridisation. Gukoresha icapiro rya 3D kugirango ushushanye ibishashara cyangwa na ceramic coresique itaziguye, yemerera geometrike mbere idashoboka kubumbabumbwa, hanyuma igakoresha uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gushora imari kugirango irangire hejuru kandi yujuje ubuziranenge. Nihuriro rishimishije.
Porogaramu yo kwigana nayo iragenda iba nziza. Isesengura ryibintu byanyuma kugirango ushikame kandi uhangayike urimo uva mubintu byiza-bigomba kuba igikoresho gisanzwe. Ariko software ni nziza gusa nkububiko bwumutungo wibintu hamwe nimbibi urigaburira. Ububikoshingiro bwubatswe kubigeragezo-byukuri kwisi-amarira-ubwoko bwubumenyi bwinzego bukusanya mubikorwa bimaze igihe. Ntushobora kwigana byose; uracyakeneye ubuhanga bwabanyabukorikori kugirango umenye igihe simulation ibeshya.
Noneho, subira ku ntangiriro. Inconel ishoramari ni bike kubijyanye na brute force nibindi byinshi kuri finesse. Ni urunigi rwintambwe ijana zagenzuwe, buri kimwe gishobora kumena ibicuruzwa byanyuma. Intsinzi iva kubaha imiterere yibikoresho, gusobanukirwa nuburyo inzira igenda, no kwihangana - hamwe namateka yamateka - gukemura ibibazo mugihe byanze bikunze ibintu bitajya kuri gahunda. Ntabwo ari amarozi; bigenzurwa n'akajagari, gahinduka disipuline isubirwamo. Kandi nikintu wiga gusa nukuba mubyibushye, umwaka nuwundi.
