Iyo wunvise 'inshinge zicyuma zishushanya', ubwenge bwinshi burahita busimbukira kuri sci-fi cyangwa ibyo bikoresho bya elegitoroniki byo mu rwego rwo hejuru hamwe na casings nziza. Nicyo gice cyacyo, byanze bikunze, ariko ukuri mubishingwe no mumaduka yimashini birakabije kandi birasobanutse. Ntabwo ari ugukora ikintu gisa neza; ni ugukemura ikibazo cya geometrie guta umucanga bidashobora gukemura, cyangwa kugera kurangiza hejuru bikuraho amasaha yakazi nyuma ya CNC. Imyumvire ikunze kugaragara nuko ari imwe-iduka-imwe yo gutungana. Mubikorwa, ni imishyikirano hagati yingufu zamazi, igipimo cyo gukomera, hamwe nubukungu bwubugome bwo gukoresha ibikoresho hamwe nubunini bwigice. Nabonye amaduka yibira yibwira ko aribwo buryo bugezweho bwo guterwa inshinge za pulasitike, gusa nkatwikwa - muburyo bw'ikigereranyo - kubera guhangayikishwa n'ubushyuhe hamwe n'imyitwarire ivanze batigeze batekereza.
Imbyino yibanze: Alloy, Mold, na Window of Opportunity
Umutima wibikorwa ntabwo imashini itera inshinge ubwayo; nubukwe bwibintu nibibumbano. Ntabwo ukorana na polymers. Urimo gukorana nicyuma kiva mumazi kijya mumadirishya akomeye, agufi. Kurugero, hamwe na nikel dukunze kwiruka mubigo byacu, superheat-ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya fluidus - nibintu byose. Hejuru cyane, kandi uhanagura icyuma (gupfa) cyangwa ugatera kugabanuka gukabije. Hasi cyane, kandi ubona nabi cyangwa bikonje mbere yuko cavit yuzura. Nibintu byoroshye. Wiga gucira icyuma ububobere bwicyuma nukuntu gisuka kumurongo, ubuhanga ntamfashanyigisho ishobora kwigisha.
Aha niho imyaka mirongo yuburambe bwa casting rusange, nkimyaka 30 yimyaka dufite Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), iba idashyikirana. Ntushobora kugura imashini hanyuma ugatangira. Ukeneye iyo myumvire yashinze imizi yukuntu imiryango itandukanye yibyuma bitwara. Kwimuka ukajugunya ibyuma bitagira umuyonga ukajya kuri cobalt ishingiye kuri alloy yo kwambara cyane ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye guhindura ibintu kuri ecran ya HMI. Imicungire yubushyuhe yose yurupfu, sisitemu ya gating, ndetse numukozi wo kurekura, irashobora gukenera gutekereza. Ifumbire ntabwo ari ikintu cyoroshye; ni uguhindura ubushyuhe bukora, no gushushanya imiyoboro yayo ikonje nubuhanzi burenze siyanse rimwe na rimwe.
Ndibuka umushinga wumushinga utoroshye muri duplex ibyuma bidafite ingese. Umukiriya yari akeneye ibyuma byoroshye, byindege. Gutera umucanga byasize byinshi cyane; gutunganya ibintu bikomeye byari bihenze cyane. Kubumba inshinge zamazi yari umukandida wumvikana. Twabonye geometrie neza kurasa rya mbere - kubyara birambuye byari bitangaje. Ariko igice cyagaragaye mugihe cyo gusohora. Ikibazo? Twashushanyije gukonjesha kugirango dukomere kimwe, ariko ntitwari twarigeze tubara uburyo butandukanye bwo kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe butandukanye hagati ya hub nini cyane. Byari ibintu bisanzwe byo gutsinda urugamba rwuzuye ariko gutsindwa intambara yo guhangayika. Twabikemuye twongeramo igihe gito, kigenzurwa mugihe cyo gupfa mbere yo gusohora, twemerera ubushyuhe buringaniye bihagije. Iyo tweak yavuye muburyo bwo kwigana amakuru hamwe nigifu cyumukoresha wumva ko igice kititeguye gusohoka.
Umutego wigikoresho: Aho imishinga igenda neza cyangwa igahagarara
Reka tuvuge kubyerekeye inzovu mucyumba: ibikoresho. Gupfa gushiramo ibyuma ni ishoramari rinini. Yakozwe kuva murwego rwohejuru, ibikoresho-bishyushye-ibikoresho byuma, akenshi hamwe nimirongo ikonje ikonje yacukuwe imbere. Igihe cyambere cyo gupfa cyoroshye gishobora kuba amezi. Ngiyo ngingo imwe nini yo gutsindwa kubashya. Basuzugura ikiguzi kandi bagereranya igishushanyo mbonera cyambere.
Itegeko rifatika dukurikiza ni ukutigera turangiza igishushanyo mbonera cyo gupfa tutabanje gukora prototype ukoreshejehendutse, imashini ya grafite cyangwa imashini ivanze n'umuringa. Nigitambo, ariko kigaragaza ibibazo bitemba, ahantu hashyushye, nibibazo byo guhumeka ku giciro gito. Twabikoreye urukurikirane rwamazu ahuza mumazu udasanzwe, uyobora cyane. Moderi ya CAD yasaga neza. Igishushanyo mbonera cya grafite cyatweretse agace kapfuye mu mfuruka aho umwuka wafatiwe, bigatera icyuho. Kubikosora muri CAD mbere yo guca ibyuma byanyuma bipfa byadukijije ikosa ryimibare itandatu no gutinda ibyumweru 10.
Umubano nitsinda ryimashini ya CNC rirakomeye hano. Kuri QSY, ishami ryacu murugo CNC ntabwo arikintu cyihariye; bagize ibiganiro byiterambere kuva kumunsi wambere. Nibo batubwira niba umushinga w'inguni ushobora gukorwa, cyangwa niba igishushanyo mbonera cya pin kizarokoka 100.000. Uku kwishyira hamwe hagati yo gukina no gutunganya nibyo bihindura uburyo bwiza bwo guterwa inshinge muburyo bwizewe. Igice gikunze kuva mu rupfu hafi-net-shusho, ariko hejuru yikimenyetso cyo gufunga cyangwa insinga bizakenera gukoraho kwa nyuma, neza. Gushushanya icyo gikorwa cya kabiri ni igice cyambere DFM (Igishushanyo mbonera).
Ibintu bifatika: Ntabwo ari ibyuma gusa
Ijambo ibyuma byamazi biroroshye kubeshya. Mu karere kacu, birashobora gusobanura 316 isanzwe idafite umwanda, ivangwa na cobalt-chrome ivanze, cyangwa nikel yubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Buriwese afite imiterere ye mugihe cyo gutera inshinge. Aluminium na zinc, ibisanzwe mubushyuhe bwo hasi-bipfa, birababarira. Iyo winjiye muri idasanzwe-Ibice bigize ibice byo gutunganya imiti, ikirere, cyangwa ibikoresho byubuvuzi - amategeko arahinduka.
Fata nikel ishingiye kuri nikel. Biratangaje kubora no kurwanya ubushyuhe, ariko bakunze gutandukana no gutanyagurika bishyushye niba imbere yo gukomera idacunzwe neza. Ntushobora guturika gusa hamwe na coolant; ugomba kuyobora gukomera kuva kure cyane gusubira kumuryango, cyane cyane kuragira microstructure yicyuma. Ibi akenshi bisobanura ingamba zo gushyushya uduce tumwe na tumwe twapfuye, ntabwo ari ugukonjesha gusa. Nibisanzwe. Urimo gutera icyuma gishongeshejwe, ariko urashobora kuba ufite amakarito ashyushya umubiri wapfuye kugirango wirinde gukonja hakiri kare mugice gikomeye.
Twize ibi inzira igoye hamwe nibikoresho bya valve. Ibikoresho byari byiza kubidukikije bya gazi ikoreramo. Igice cyatsinze igenzura ryose. Ariko mugihe cyo kugerageza igitutu, byananiye ahantu hasa nkaho bidashoboka. Isesengura rya Metallurgical ryerekanye amarira ya microscopique kumupaka wingano - amarira ashyushye. Gukosora ntabwo byahinduye amavuta; yarimo ishushanya irembo irengerwa kugirango habeho ubushyuhe bwiza buringaniye muri kiriya gihe cyanyuma cyo gukomera. Uwiteka gushiramo ibyuma inzira ntiyagombaga guhuzwa kugirango igire igice gusa, ahubwo yubatswe muburyo bwimbere.
Ikiraro kugeza Kurangiza: Ukuboko kwa CNC
Akazi ntigakorwa mugihe igice gisohotse kandi isoko igacibwa. Aho niho serivisi yuzuye itanga serivisi ihinduka. Igice cyakozwe binyuze gushiramo ibyuma akenshi ifite amafaranga make yimigabane-yenda 0.5mm cyangwa munsi yibintu bikomeye. Ibi birasaba ubudasobanutse muburyo bwo kubumba gusa, ahubwo no muburyo bwo gutunganya CNC ikurikira. Igice kigomba kuba giherereye kandi kigashyirwa hamwe kijyanye na as-datum, ntabwo ari moderi ya CAD yerekana.
Itsinda ryacu ryimashini ritegura ibikoresho byabigenewe bishingiye kuri raporo yambere yo kugenzura raporo kuva ibice byabumbwe. Barimo gushakisha ibintu bihamye, bidakomeye kugirango bakoreshe nkingingo zifatika. Kurugero, turashobora gukoresha umuyobozi wihariye washyizweho muburyo bwizewe muri buri shoti nkibibanza Z-axis ibanza. Uku guhererekanya kudasubirwaho kuva hasi gushingwa kugera kumaduka ya CNC, munsi yinzu imwe nko kuri QSY, bivanaho umukino wamakosa hamwe namakosa yo guhuza yibasira ibikorwa byoherejwe hanze. Umukanishi azi gutombora inzira ya casting, na injeniyeri wububiko azi icyo umukanishi akeneye kugirango yihangane.
Uku kwishyira hamwe ni ingenzi kubukungu bwibikorwa byose. Igiciro cyo hejuru cyo hejuru cya gushiramo ibyuma ibikoresho bifite ishingiro nigihe cyo gutunganya igihe hamwe n imyanda yibikoresho kuri buri gice. Niba igice kibumbabumbwe kidahuye, uhita utakaza izo nyungu kuko gahunda ya CNC igomba kubara impinduka zishyamba, ukongeraho igihe cyigihe no kwambara ibikoresho. Uburyo bugenzurwa cyane bugizwe nuburyo buteganijwe, hafi-net-shusho yambaye ubusa CNC ishobora kurangiza vuba kandi yizewe. Nibwo bufatanye butuma ikoranabuhanga rishobora kubaho hagati yo hejuru-hejuru yumusaruro mwinshi wibintu bigoye.
Icyemezo Cyukuri-Isi: Igihe cyo Kubikoresha, Igihe cyo Kugenda
Noneho, nyuma yibi byose, ryari gushiramo ibyuma birumvikana? Ntabwo ari igisubizo rusange. Irabagirana mugihe ufite igice gifite ibice byimbere byimbere, urukuta ruto cyane (kumanuka kugeza kuri 1mm hamwe na aliyumu zimwe), ibisabwa byiza byo kurangiza hejuru (nkuko byatangajwe na Ra agaciro gashobora kuba hasi cyane), hamwe no gukenera ibintu bifatika ibyuma byihariye bitanga. Ingano ni urufunguzo-ukeneye ubwinshi bwumwaka kugirango uhindure icyo gikoresho cyo gushora hejuru yibihumbi, ntabwo ari magana.
Nagize inama abakiriya kubirwanya mugihe igice cyabo cyari gito cyane, cyangwa mugihe ibipimo byateganijwe byari bihungabana. Ihinduka rya shell mold casting cyangwa gushora imari, nubushobozi bwibanze bwacu, byari byiza mubukungu. Ikigeragezo cyo gukoresha inzira yateye imbere kirakomeye, ariko ubushishozi bwumwuga ni uguhitamo igikoresho cyiza, ntabwo aricyo gihenze cyane.
Kurangiza, gutsinda gushiramo ibyuma ni ubukorikori bwimbitse. Yicaye ku masangano ya metallurgie, igishushanyo mbonera, imashini yubushyuhe, hamwe nibikoresho byo gukora. Nukwumva ko icyuma gifite kwibuka uburyo cyavutse - gutera inshinge, gukanda, no gukomera mukibazo. Kubyumva neza birasa nkubutsinzi bwinganda kandi birasa nkunvikana neza amasezerano hagati yamategeko ya fiziki nibikenewe igishushanyo mbonera. Kandi nikintu wiga gusa uhagaze iruhande rwitanura, ukumva ubushyuhe, ukareba ibyuma bitemba.
