Iyo wunvise 'alloy ibyuma bishora imari', igitekerezo cyahise gisimbuka kumanota yibintu - 4140, 4340, 8620 - hamwe nisezerano rya geometrike igoye. Nicyo kiganiro cy'agatabo. Inkuru nyayo, imwe igena niba igice kibaho cyangwa gipfa muri serivisi, gitangira umaze gutobora agasanduku kuri chimie. Byerekeranye n '' uburyo ', ntabwo ari' iki 'gusa. Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi byerekana imikorere-yimikorere yo hejuru gusa kunanirwa kuko gusobanukirwa inzira ntabwo byari bihari. Ibikurura birasobanutse: hafi-net-shusho ibice, kurangiza neza hejuru, gushushanya ubwisanzure. Ariko ikinyuranyo hagati yibyo bikurura nibintu bikora bicaye mu nteko niho imirimo nyirizina ibera.
Imbyino yibanze: Imyitwarire ya Alloy hamwe no gutunganya Windows
Reka tuganire kubyerekeye gushonga. Ukoresheje ibyuma bivanze, ntabwo urimo gusuka ibyuma byamazi gusa; urimo ucunga cocktail yibintu buriwese ashaka kwitwara bitandukanye mugihe cyo gukomera. Chromium, molybdenum, nikel - zirahari kubwimbaraga no gukomera, ariko kandi zihindura uburyo bwo gukomera. Umutego usanzwe urimo gufata isuka nkicyuma gisanzwe cya karubone. Ntabwo aribyo. Ubukonje burahinduka, amazi arahinduka. Niba sisitemu yawe yo kwinjirira no kuzamuka igenewe 'ibyuma' rusange, uratumira kugabanuka kwimyanya ahantu habi cyane, akenshi byihishe imbere. Ndibuka igice cyamaboko ya lever ya sisitemu ya hydraulic, mumwaka wa 8630, yatsinze igenzura ryambere ariko ikananirwa gupima umunaniro. Ubuso bwavunitse bwerekanaga clavic classique classique yiburyo hejuru yuzuye. Igishushanyo cyari gitunganye, inteko y'ibishashara yari nziza. Ikibazo? Ubushyuhe bwo gusuka bwari hejuru cyane kubyo biranga ubushyuhe bwihariye bwumuriro, biteza imbere uburyo bwo kugabanuka. Twahamagaye inyuma, ntabwo twifashishije nimero yigitabo, ahubwo twiyumvamo n'ibigeragezo bikurikirana, ikibazo kirashira.
Aha niho igikonoshwa kiba gikomeye. Ntabwo ari uburyo bworoshye. Ku byuma bivangavanze, akenshi bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gusuka, igikonoshwa cyo guhangana nubushyuhe bwumuriro hamwe nubucucike ntibishobora kuganirwaho. Igikonoshwa gifite intege nke cyane kizacika cyangwa gihindure; imwe ifite imitego mike yo gufata imyuka, biganisha kubutaka cyangwa gukubita. Twashizeho ibipimo byinshi kuri sisitemu ya silika igizwe na sisitemu ihuza ibipimo byihariye byo guhuza imirimo yacu. Ni resept yavutse mumyaka yo gutobora ibishishwa (muburyo busanzwe) no gusuzuma ibyananiranye. Wize ko autoclave cycle ya dewaxing ifite akamaro nkukwijimye kwijimye - ivu risigaye riva muburyo butarashye rishobora gutera ubusembwa bwubuso ku majwi yandi.
Kuvura ubushyuhe niho ubushobozi bwa alloy bufungura cyangwa bwangiritse. Urashobora gutera geometrie nziza muri 4140, ariko niba ubushyuhe butari bwo, ushobora no gukoresha ibikoresho bihendutse. Ingorabahizi hamwe nishoramari ryakunze guhinduka mubice byinshi. Igice gito cyane kizakonja kandi gihindure muburyo butandukanye kuva hub mugihe cyo kuzimya. Twimukiye mu kuzimya gaze yumuvuduko mwinshi mu ziko rya vacuum kugirango dukonje cyane kubice bikomeye. Ariko nubwo bimeze bityo, ntabwo yashyizweho-no-kwibagirwa. Ugomba kumenya aho washyira thermocouples, uburyo bwo guhuza ibice kugirango ugabanye kugoreka. Nibiganiro byitondewe hagati yumushinga nubushakashatsi. Nagize impaka nabakiriya bashaka agaciro kamwe kamwe kamwe mugice gifite ibice 4: 1 - ntibishoboka muburyo bwumubiri nta gutandukana ahandi. Urufunguzo ni ugucunga ibiteganijwe no kwibanda ku gukomera na microstructure mu bice byingenzi bikora.
Gukora neza: Umufatanyabikorwa wa ngombwa
Nta gushora imari mubyukuri 'net-shusho' kubintu byihanganira kwihanganira ibyuma. Hama hariho ubuso bwo guhuza, bore, cyangwa insinga zikeneye gutunganywa. Aha niho gukorana - cyangwa guhagarika - hagati yo gukina no gutunganya bisobanura igiciro cyanyuma. Turakora ibyacu Imashini ya CNC murugo, kandi uko guhuza vertical ni umukino uhindura. Kubera iki? Kuberako umukanishi uhuye nibibanza bikomeye cyangwa gutungurwa gutunguranye muri bore ikomeye arashobora kugenda ahita yerekeza hasi hanyuma akaganira kumasuka asuka hamwe numuyobozi ushonga.
Fata inzu ya pompe twakoze muri CF8M idafite ingese (ibibazo bisa nibyuma byinshi bivangavanze bijyanye na mashini). Isura ya flange isura yari nziza, ariko bore ya kashe ya shaft yari ikeneye kurangiza indorerwamo no kwihanganira cyane. Igabanywa ryambere ryagaragaje bike bitatanye, bito bito. Ntabwo bihagije kumeneka, ariko birahagije guhangayikisha umukiriya. Kuberako twagenzuye inzira zombi, twashoboraga kuyisubiza inyuma kumurongo wihariye kuri ubwo bushyuhe. Twahinduye imyitozo, hanyuma icyiciro gikurikira gikora nka amavuta. Niba gutunganyirizwa hanze, gusubiramo ibitekerezo byari kumara ibyumweru, hamwe no guhinduranya amakosa hagati. Ku masosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ubu buryo bwahujwe, bumara imyaka mirongo itatu, nicyo gikemura ibibazo. Urashobora kubona filozofiya yabo kurubuga rwabo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com - urutonde Igikonoshwa, gushora imari, na Imashini ya CNC nka serivisi yibanze kubwimpamvu. Nukumenya ko igice kitarangiye kugeza gikozwe.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gutunganya casting nubuhanzi bwayo bwijimye. Ntabwo uri kwizirika kuri fagitire; urimo gukomera kuri rimwe na rimwe-bidasanzwe. Kumenyekanisha hejuru yabakinnyi bisaba gutegura neza kugirango wirinde kongera imbaraga zo kwihanganira. Dukunze gushushanya ibice byerekana imibare yihariye yashizweho mugihe cyo gukina ubwayo - rimwe na rimwe ndetse ikanashyiramo udukariso twerekana umwanya mubikorwa bya nyuma. Yongeraho intambwe, ariko iremeza neza ko imyanya ihagaze hagati yimiterere yatanzwe.
Ibintu bifatika: Iyo ibyuma bidahagije
Ijambo 'alloy ibyuma' ni indobo nini. Guhitamo hagati ya all-alloy nka 4110 hamwe nicyuma cyibikoresho nka H13 nibyingenzi, ntabwo byiyongera. Kubikoresho byambara cyane nka valve trim cyangwa kwambara amasahani, twimukiye mubyiciro byahinduwe hiyongereyeho vanadium yo gukora karbide. Igikorwa cyo gutoranya kuri ubu ni ubugome - hejuru cyane, ubushyuhe bukabije, sisitemu yo gukonjesha, hamwe no gukonjesha cyane kugirango wirinde gucika. Nibyago byinshi, ibihembo byinshi. Twatakaje igiti cyose cya H13 ibikoresho byinjizwamo rimwe kubera guhuza isuka-ubukonje bukabije hamwe nigikonoshwa cyari kinini cyane. Guhangayikishwa nubushyuhe byari bihagije gutera amarira ashyushye muri buri gice. Isomo rihenze mukubaha inzira idirishya ryimikorere ya buri muryango wihariye.
Noneho hariho isi yimvange idasanzwe ivugwa nibikorwa nka QSY - ishingiye kuri nikel na cobalt. Nubwo atari 'ibyuma' rwose, akenshi bigwa munsi yumuti wo guteramo abaguzi benshi. Amahame arasa ariko arongerewe. Ibintu bifatika, kugenzura ubushyuhe bwumuriro, kandi akenshi HIP yuzuye (Kanda Isostatike Bishyushye) ibisabwa nyuma ya casting. Gukorana nibi bikoresho bikwigisha kwicisha bugufi. Urupapuro rwawe rwamakosa rugabanuka hafi yubusa. Intsinzi hano, ariko, nkumukono wizewe wa Inconel 718 turbine, nicyo cyubaka izina ryumushinga ukomeye alloy ibyuma bishora imari akazi.
Icyemezo cyibikoresho ni urundi rwego. Ku byiciro byubucuruzi bivanze, icyemezo cyo gushonga kirahagije. Kubikorwa byindege cyangwa kwirwanaho, urareba ibisobanuro byuzuye: nimero yubushyuhe, isoko yimigabane, chimie ivuye muri laboratoire yemejwe, coupon yipimisha ikozwe mubushyuhe bumwe kandi itunganyirizwa hamwe nibice. Inzira yimpapuro ningirakamaro nka casting ubwayo. Ni sisitemu yemeza kwizerwa ariko ikongeramo hejuru. Ntushobora 'gukubita' gusa icyiciro cya 4340 cyemejwe; ni inyandiko, igenzurwa kuva mubikoresho fatizo kugeza ubugenzuzi bwa nyuma.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gusubiza
Iyi ishobora kuba ari serivisi nziza cyane uruganda rwiza rutanga: gutanga inama kubishushanyo mbonera. Ba injeniyeri bashushanya imikorere, nibyo. Ariko rimwe na rimwe radiyo isobanurwa nka 0.5mm kubera ko sisitemu ya CAD itayirengagije, ntabwo ari ukubera ko ari ngombwa. Guterera ibyo mubyuma bisaba ibibazo - kwibanda kumaganya, ingorane zo kubaka igikonoshwa, kugabanuka byanze bikunze. Tuzasubiza inyuma, tanga igitekerezo kirenze 2mm ya radiyo, na 99% yigihe, biremewe. Nibiganiro bito-bigabanya igice.
Twigeze kugira igishushanyo mbonera gifite imiterere myiza, igoye yububiko kugirango tubike ibiro. Byagaragaye neza kuri ecran. Mu byuma bivanze, byari bibi cyane. Abanyamuryango bananutse bakonje cyane, barema uduce duto, kandi igikonoshwa ntigishobora kwamburwa byimazeyo mumyobo igoye. Twakoranye nuwashushanyije, tubereka uburyo bwo kunanirwa kuva mubigeragezo byacu, kandi dufatanije guteza imbere imbavu yoroshye, ikomeye cyane yujuje ubukana hamwe nintego zuburemere. Igice cya nyuma cyagenze neza, ariko cyasaga gitandukanye nicyerekezo cyambere. Ubwo ni ubufatanye. Inkomoko nka QSY, hamwe namateka maremare, atanga byimazeyo ubujyakuzimu bwuburambe. Ntabwo ari ugukora ibishashara gusa; nibijyanye no kuyobora ibyakozwe byose mubikorwa.
Porogaramu yo kwigana ni igikoresho, ntabwo ari umuhanuzi. Dukoresha icyitegererezo cyo gukomera. Iratwereka ahantu hashyushye kandi ikanayobora riser. Ariko ububiko bwibikoresho bya software ni rusange. Imyitwarire-yisi yimyitwarire yawe ya 4150 yihariye, hamwe nibisubizo byaho byongeye kugaruka, mubushuhe bwigihingwa cyawe, biratandukanye. Kwigana kuguha intangiriro, hypothesis. Noneho ukore ibigeragezo-byukuri, igice cyerekana icyitegererezo, gupima intera ya dendrite, hanyuma ugahindura icyitegererezo cyawe mubyukuri. Ni inzira ikomeza. Impumyi kwizera ikarita yikigereranyo yigana yayoboye ibirenga byinshi munsi yumwobo wurukwavu.
Ubukungu hamwe nukuri-kwisi
Hanyuma, reka tuvuge tuti: alloy ibyuma bishora imari ntabwo bihendutse. Igikoresho cyo gukoresha ibishashara ni kinini. Inzira ni umurimo nimbaraga nyinshi. Gusa byumvikana mubukungu mugihe ukeneye guhuza geometrike igoye, kurangiza neza neza, hamwe nubukanishi bwimvange. Kumeneka-ingingo hamwe no guhimba cyangwa gutunganya ibintu bikomeye mubisanzwe hafi yubunini buciriritse - ibice kugeza ku bihumbi bike. Kuri prototypes imwe, akenshi birabujijwe cyane keretse niba ntayindi nzira ishobora gukora igice.
Agaciro kari mu guhuriza hamwe. Muminsi ishize twakoze garebox isanzwe ikozwe mubice bitanu bitandukanye byahimbwe kandi bikozwe mumashini, bihujwe hamwe. Twataye nkumwe gushora imari muri 8620, hamwe nibinyamakuru byonyine hamwe nibyobo bya bolt bikenera gutunganywa. Twakuyeho igihe cyo guterana, ibibazo byo guhuza, hamwe n'inzira zishobora kumeneka. Igiciro cyo gukoresha ibikoresho byashyizwe imbere hejuru yumusaruro, kandi igiciro cyose kuri buri gice cyagabanutseho 30%. Aho ni ahantu heza.
Noneho, mugihe urimo gusuzuma isoko, reba ibirenze urutonde rwibikoresho. Baza kubyerekeye imyitozo yihariye. Baza ingero z'uburyo bakemuye ikibazo cyo kugoreka cyangwa kugoreka. Baza niba bakora imashini ibyo bataye. Ibisubizo bizakubwira niba ukorana nu iduka ryibicuruzwa cyangwa umufatanyabikorwa wa tekiniki. Ni itandukaniro hagati yo kubona casting no kubona ibice bikora. Nibyo umukino urimo.
