Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'ibice byinganda,' bashushanya ikintu cyateganijwe, icyitegererezo cya CAD, cyangwa ikintu kibengerana hejuru. Iri ni ikosa rya mbere. Igice nyacyo ntabwo ari geometrie; ni ihuriro ryimyitwarire yibintu munsi yumubabaro, kwihanganira ibintu mu iteraniro rizima, hamwe nigiciro cyo gutsindwa mubuzima bwimyaka icumi. Nabonye imishinga myinshi ihagaze kubera ko itsinda ryamasoko ryashakishije ibikoresho bya 'to-spec' ibikoresho cyangwa valve umubiri utumva uko bigenda nyuma yo kuva ku ntebe ya QC hanyuma igahinduka mumashini ikora 24/7 ahantu h’ubushuhe, bwangirika. Igishushanyo ni intangiriro.
Urufatiro: Itangirana no Gusuka
Ntushobora kuvuga kuramba ibice by'inganda udatangiriye ku ruganda. Aha niho hashyizweho imiterere yimbere yintete, aho ibihishe byihishe cyangwa ibizaba bihinduka ahazaza ho gutsindwa. Kumyaka mirongo itatu, itsinda kuri Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) yagiye ikora kuri uku kuri. Kwibanda kwigihe kirekire kubishushanyo mbonera no gushora imari ntabwo ari urutonde rwa serivisi gusa; ni ukumenya ko gutunganya neza nyuma bidashobora gukosora casting ifite ishingiro. Ndibuka umushinga wamazu ya pompe yumuvuduko mwinshi aho uwatangaga umucanga wa mbere yari afite ubucucike bwurukuta. Yatsinze igenzura rinini ariko birananirana cyane mubizamini byamagare. Tugomba gusubira kuri kare imwe.
Guhitamo hagati ya shell mold no gushora imari mugice runaka ni umuhamagaro wurubanza. Igikonoshwa kiguha ubuso bwiza bwo kurangiza no kugereranya neza kubice bigoye - tekereza imirongo ya moteri cyangwa hydraulic manifolds. Ariko iyo winjiye mumiyoboro yimbere igoye, nkiziri muri turbine cyangwa umubiri utera lisansi, uba uri mubutaka bwo gushora imari. Igishashara cyibishashara cyemerera geometrike idashoboka kumashini. Ubunararibonye bwa QSY muburyo bwombi ni ngombwa hano; ntabwo basunika igisubizo kimwe ahubwo babanza gusuzuma imikorere yigice.
Guhitamo ibikoresho muriki cyiciro ni undi mutego. Kugaragaza ibyuma bidafite ingese birasa nkubusa. Ari 304 kubirwanya ruswa muri rusange, cyangwa 316 kubidukikije bya chloride? Cyangwa urimo guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bukenera ubukana bwikigereranyo cya nikel ishingiye kuri nikel nka Inconel? Nabonye ibyemezo biterwa nigiciro cyo gukoresha urwego rwohejuru ruvanze biganisha ku gucika imburagihe mu guhanahana ubushyuhe. Uruhare rwumushinga nugutanga inama, ariko injeniyeri agomba kumenya bihagije kubaza ibibazo bikwiye. Igikorwa cya QSY hamwe nudusimba twihariye nka cobalt na nikel ishingiye kuri nikel byerekana ko bamenyereye ibyo biganiro byinshi, ntabwo bakora gusa ibicuruzwa bisanzwe.
Igice Cyuzuye: Aho imashini ya CNC yinjira
Gukina biguha imiterere itoroshye, ariko intera ikora - imyobo ya bolt, hejuru yikimenyetso, imyanya ifite - yavukiye kumashini ya CNC. Aha niho ubufatanye hagati yo gutara no gutunganya munsi yinzu, nkuko biri kuri QSY, byerekana agaciro kayo. Umutwe munini wumutwe nigishushanyo mbonera cya casting. Niba umukanishi adasobanukiwe na datum ya casting hamwe nibishobora guhangayikishwa nigikorwa cyo gukomera, barashobora kuyizirika muburyo butera mikorobe cyangwa, ikirushijeho, kubona iherezo ryuzuye hejuru yubuso butareshya na bore imbere.
Isomo rimwe ryihariye ryize ryarimo icyuma kinini cyo gusya kugirango gisya neza. Gukina byari byiza, ariko mugihe cyo gusya cyane gari ya moshi ziyobora, imihangayiko isigaye yaturutse muri casting yarekuwe, bitera intambara nkeya ariko iteye ubwoba. Twabuze igice cyose. Igisubizo, umufatanyabikorwa umaze igihe azashyira mubikorwa, akenshi ni intambwe yo kugabanya imihangayiko itera intambwe hagati yo gutambuka no kurangiza. Yongera igihe nigiciro, ariko gusimbuka ni urusimbi. Ubu ni ubwoko bwibikorwa bitandukanya abakora ibice nabatanga igice.
Kwihanganirana ni akandi gace keze kurenza-injeniyeri. Nakiriye ibishushanyo aho buri kintu cyahamagariwe ± 0.01mm. Ntabwo bihenze gusa, ariko akenshi ntibikenewe. Umufatanyabikorwa mwiza wo gutunganya agomba gusubiza inyuma, kubaza imikorere yinteko. Ibi birarambiranye rwose kwihanganira H6, cyangwa H7 irahagije? Uku guterana gufatanya ni byiza. Byerekana ko batekereza kubyakozwe nigiciro cyawe cyose, ntabwo bakurikiza buhumyi amabwiriza yo kwirinda inshingano.
Ikizamini Cyukuri-Isi: Isesengura Kunanirwa no Iteration
Ubushishozi bwagaciro buturuka mubice bimeneka. Kera mu mwuga wanjye, twagize icyiciro cya ibice by'inganda- ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bya pompe yimiti - byateje umunaniro kumizi yicyuma nyuma y amezi atandatu. Ibikoresho bifatika byari byiza, ibipimo byari muri spec. Isesengura ryatsinzwe ryerekanaga guhuza ibintu: radiyo yinzibacyuho ityaye (kugenzura igishushanyo mbonera) yongerewe nubuso buke bwo hejuru buturutse kubikorwa byo gutunganya muri kariya gace runaka, bigashyiraho ingingo nziza yo gutangiriraho ibibazo.
Aha niho ubushake bwabatanga kwishora mubintu byapfuye. Umucuruzi ucuruza yagaya igishushanyo akigendera. Umufatanyabikorwa wa tekinike nkukuntu QSY ihagaze ubwayo nkuko yakwicara, ukareba raporo ya fractography, hanyuma ukaganira kubishobora kugabanywa: kugenzura radiyo iteganijwe gutegekwa ejo hazaza, guhindura inzira yibikoresho kugirango ibyo birangire neza, cyangwa ndetse nigitekerezo cyo gusya cyane. Uyu muzingo uva kunanirwa gusubira muburyo bwo guhindura niho kwizerwa kwukuri kwubatswe.
Ikindi cyananiranye ariko kidatangaje cyane ni ukudakora neza. Twigeze gukura umuryango wimibiri ya valve mumaduka mato mato. Ibihe byo kuyobora byari birebire, ubuziranenge ntibwahuye, kandi itumanaho ryari inzozi. Guhuriza hamwe umusaruro hamwe numushinga umwe, ushoboye ukora gutunganya no gutunganya byoroshya byose. Urimo ukorana ningingo imwe yo guhuza kubintu byose hamwe nurunigi rutunganijwe, kuva icyuma gishongeshejwe kugeza igice cyarangiye. Kubazwa birasobanutse. Kubiterane bigoye, kugira isoko imwe kubanegura ibice by'inganda igabanya ibyago bya logistique cyane.
Kurenga Ibyuma: Gutekereza
Ibyo ugura mubyukuri ntabwo ari icyuma; ni inzira igenzurwa. Isosiyete imaze imyaka 30 nka QSY ishobora kuba yarabonye ibintu bifatika bihinduka, ikoranabuhanga ryimashini rihinduka, kandi ubuziranenge bukomera. Urwo rwibutso rwinzego ni umutungo. Birashoboka ko bateje imbere ibikorwa byabo byiza byimbere - igishushanyo cyihariye cyo gutambuka kubice bimwe na bimwe bya geometrike, ibisubizo byifashishwa muburyo bworoshye, gushiraho protocole yo kuvura ubushyuhe kubintu bisanzwe. Ntabwo arikintu ubona kurubuga; bigaragarira mubikorwa.
Kurugero, gutunganya ibyuma hamwe nicyuma kitagira umwanda na nikel alloy ni isi itandukanye rwose. Umuvuduko, kugaburira, ubwoko bukonje, ibikoresho geometrie - byose bihinduka kuburyo butangaje. Iduka rivuga ko dukora ibikoresho byose bishobora kuba birambuye ukuri. Urashaka kumva ibintu byihariye: Kubice byawe 316 bidafite umwanda, tuzakoresha sisitemu yihariye yo gukonjesha cyane hamwe na karbide yo mucyiciro cyihariye cyo gushyiramo akazi gakomeye. Ibyo byerekana ubujyakuzimu.
Hanyuma, hari uruhande rudashimishije: kugenzura ninyandiko. Igice ni cyiza gusa nkimpapuro zizana. Raporo yikizamini cyibikoresho, raporo yingingo yambere yo kugenzura hamwe namakuru yuzuye ya CMM, ibyemezo bihuye. Igikorwa cyumwuga gifite ibi kugeza kuri sisitemu. Birarambiranye, ariko iyo umugenzuzi asuye cyangwa gutsindwa kumurima bibaye, uku gukurikiranwa nuburinzi bwawe bwonyine. Yemeza ko igice kitakozwe gusa, ahubwo cyakozwe muri sisitemu yagenzuwe kandi igenzurwa.
Umwanzuro: Igiciro nyacyo cyigice
Rero, mugihe cyo gusuzuma isoko yo kunegura ibice by'inganda, reba hejuru yigiciro kuri buri gice hamwe nubushobozi bwashyizwe ku rutonde. Menya ubushake bwabo bwo kuganira kubibazo byashize. Baza urugero rw'igice kitoroshye n'uburyo cyakemutse - atari mu rwego rwo kwamamaza, ariko muburyo bwa tekiniki: guhuza, kwambara ibikoresho, kugenzura kugoreka. Umufatanyabikorwa nka QSY, hamwe na casting hamwe nogukora hamwe nibikoresho byavuzwe, arahagaze kugirango akemure ibibazo, ariko gihamya iri mubiganiro bya tekiniki.
Intego nyamukuru nugushaka umutanga injeniyeri zishobora kuvugana naba injeniyeri bawe mururimi rumwe - ururimi rwo kwihanganirana, ibintu bifatika, uburyo bwo kunanirwa, hamwe no kugenzura inzira. Igice kigera mu gisanduku nigaragaza gusa kumubiri kubyo gusobanukirwa gusangiye. Ntigomba kumva nkibicuruzwa byaguzwe, ariko nkigisubizo cyatanzwe mwembi mwagize uruhare mukurema. Nibwo uziko wimutse uva kugura ibice ujya kubaka urwego.
Mu kurangiza, ibice byizewe akenshi ni isano nabantu babikora. Kuberako mugihe ikibazo gikurikiraho gitunguranye kivutse - kandi bizakenera - ukeneye guhamagara kuri terefone, ntabwo ari uburenganzira bwo kugaruka.
