Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'ibice byo gushora imari', bashushanya ibyo bice byoroshye, hafi ya net-shusho, wenda icyuma cya turbine cyangwa icyatewe mubuvuzi. Nibicuruzwa bisoza neza. Ukuri, gusya buri munsi, ni bijyanye no gucunga ibishashara byizerwa, ibishishwa bya ceramic, hamwe nimbyino ya metallurgiki mugihe cyo gusuka. Amaduka menshi amanikwa kumurongo wo kwihanganira ibipimo - birakomeye, ntunyumve nabi, ariko bakunze kwirengagiza uburyo urunigi rwose, uhereye ku gishushanyo mbonera cyambere kugeza kuvura ubushyuhe bwa nyuma, byerekana ubunyangamugayo. Ntabwo ari ugukora ishusho gusa; bijyanye na injeniyeri microstructure.
Icyumba cya Wax: Aho Byose Bitangirira (Kandi Birashobora kugenda nabi)
Icyiciro cyo gutera ibishashara kiroroshye kubeshya. Wagira ngo ni ukuzuza gusa icyuma gipfa n'ibishashara ugategereza ko gishyiraho. Ariko ubushyuhe bwa gradients hano nibintu byose. Niba ibishashara bikonje cyane, urabona imihangayiko yimbere igaragara nkintambara cyangwa se igacika nyuma yiminsi, mugihe cyo guterana. Nabonye icyiciro cya ibice byo gushora imari kububiko bwa pompe buvaho kuko icyumba cyibishashara cyubushyuhe bwibidukikije cyahindutse kuri dogere selisiyusi 5 gusa muri wikendi. Ibishushanyo byasaga neza neza kuwa mbere mugitondo, ariko kuwa gatatu, byagoretse bihagije kugirango binanirwe kugenzura CMM.
Noneho hari ibishashara ubwabyo. Ibishashara byose ntabwo byaremewe kimwe. Kubintu bigoye, binini-bikikijwe, ukeneye kuvanga nibintu byuzuza byinshi kugirango bikomere, ariko ibyo birashobora gutuma bivunika. Nibikorwa bihoraho. Utanga isoko nka Ikoranabuhanga rya Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY), hamwe nimyaka yabo mumikino, birashoboka ko ifite ibishashara byihariye cyangwa byibuze bigenzura cyane kugenzura imiryango itandukanye. Nubwoko bwubumenyi bwa tacit wubaka mumyaka irenga 30, ntabwo bivuye mubitabo.
Iteraniro ryibishashara ku giti cyo hagati nubundi buryo bwubuhanzi. Inguni nu mugereka ntabwo ari ugusuka ibikoresho gusa; bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku cyerekezo cyo gukomera kwicyuma nyuma. Shira icyitegererezo kiremereye ahantu hadakwiye, hanyuma ukore ahantu hashyushye biganisha ku kugabanuka kwinshi. Ibi twabyize inzira igoye hakiri kare hamwe numubiri wibyuma bidafite ingese. Ubuso bwiza burangiye, ariko byananiye kugenzura X-ray. Gukosora ntibyari mu itanura; byari mu kongera gushushanya imiterere y'ibiti by'ibishashara.
Igikonoshwa Ceramic: Ni Akayunguruzo, Ntabwo ari Mold gusa
Kubaka igikonoshwa ceramic ninzira itinda, itera yo kwibiza, kuniga, no gukama. Ibisobanuro byinshi bihagararaho birema uburyo bwo kwanga. Icyo babuze ni uko iki gikonoshwa ari inzitizi, igice cya kabiri cyinjira. Ikoti ryibanze, mubisanzwe zircon ishingiye kumurongo, igena ubuso bwanyuma bwa casting. Umwuka uwo ari wo wose cyangwa ibiyirimo hano bigana neza hejuru yicyuma. Mara umwanya utagereranywa ngenzura ikote rya mbere munsi y itara rinini.
Amakoti yinyuma yinyuma yerekeranye nimbaraga nubushyuhe bwumuriro. Ariko hano hari impungenge: ubwikorezi bwigikonoshwa cyarangije gutegeka uburyo imyuka ihunga mugihe cyo gusuka no gutwika ibishashara. Igikonoshwa cyinshi kirashobora gufata gaze, bigatera gukubita cyangwa pinholes. Birakabije, kandi ntibishobora kwihanganira umuvuduko wa metallostatike, biganisha ku gucika intege - gutsindwa nabi kandi biteje akaga. Kubona ibishishwa byoroshye nubunini bwa stucco ingano kuri buri koti ni resept yubahwa nuburambe. Ibigo byahozeho igihe cyose QSY gira ibi kugeza kuri siyanse, birashoboka hamwe numurongo wibikoresho byikora kugirango bihamye, ariko nubwo bimeze bityo, ubuhehere bwibidukikije ni ikarita yishyamba bahora bakurikirana.
Dewaxing - intambwe aho ushonga cyangwa gusohora ibishashara - ni ingingo ikomeye yibibazo bya shell. Niba bikozwe cyane, guhagarika ubushyuhe birashobora gutera micro-crack. Twigeze guhindukira kuri autoclave yihuta kugirango twongere ibicuruzwa. Igikonoshwa cyarafashe, ariko abaterankunga batangiye kwerekana neza. Yadutwaye icyumweru cyo kwipimisha gusenya kugirango tuyisubize kuri micro-frake mu gice cyibanze cyigikonoshwa uhereye kumaturika akaze. Twahamagaye uruziga inyuma kandi igipimo cyinenge cyaragabanutse. Rimwe na rimwe, buhoro buhoro birakora neza.
Pour: Metallurgie ihura nibikorwa
Aha niho theoretical ihura nicyuma gishongeshejwe. Kuri ibice byo gushora imari muri alloys nka nikel ishingiye kuri cobalt cyangwa superalloys ishingiye kuri cobalt, isuka ni ubwoko bugenzurwa nigihe. Icyuma gikunze gusukwa ku bushyuhe bukabije hejuru y’amazi yacyo kugira ngo amazi atembera mu bice bito, ariko ubwo bushyuhe bw’inyongera bushobora gutuma imikurire ikura no gutandukanya imiti. Sisitemu ya gating wateguye ibyumweru bishize muburyo bwibishashara ubu niyo yonyine igenzura ufite uburyo icyuma cyuzuza umwobo. Igomba kuba imivurungano ihagije kugirango wirinde gukonja ariko laminari ihagije kugirango wirinde gufata firime ya slag cyangwa oxyde.
Ndibuka umushinga wubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane ikoreshwa mubirere. Ubwoko bwahamagariye icyerekezo cyihariye cyo gutembera kunanirwa kunanirwa. Kubigeraho ntabwo byari bijyanye na chimie yicyuma gusa; Byari bijyanye no kubanza gushyushya igikonoshwa ceramic kubushyuhe nyabwo (mumadirishya ya 25 ° C) no kugenzura umuvuduko wo gusuka kugirango uteze imbere gukomera uhereye kumutwe wigice ugasubira mumarembo. Byasabye gutwara indege eshatu kugirango bibe byiza. Ubushobozi bwuruganda rufite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ibyo bipimo - kalibrasi yazo, itanura ryabo mbere yubushyuhe - nicyo gitandukanya iduka ryakazi nabafatanyabikorwa nyabo.
Nyuma yo gusuka, igikonjo cyacitse, ariko igice kiri kure yicyakozwe. Amarembo n'abiruka, nabo ubu mubyuma, bakeneye kuvaho. Kuvangavanze bikomeye, ibi akenshi bisobanura gukoresha ibiziga byaciwe cyangwa gukata insinga za EDM. Ugomba kwitonda kugirango utamenyekanisha imihangayiko cyangwa ubushyuhe bwumuriro mubice ubwabyo muriki cyiciro. Nintambwe yo kurangiza isaba ubwiza nkibikorwa byo gukina.
Imashini & Kurangiza: Gukina Ntabwo Impera
Hafi ya buri shoramari ryishoramari risaba urwego runaka rwo gutunganya. Isezerano rya hafi-net-imiterere ni gake-net. Urashobora kuba ufite kashe ikomeye yo gufunga, umwobo wubatswe, cyangwa kwihanganira gukomera bigomba kurangira. Aha niho kwishyira hamwe hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutunganya CNC biba inyungu nini. Niba inzu ya casting nayo ikora imashini, nka QSY ikora hamwe na serivise zabo zo gutunganya CNC, barashobora guhitamo igishushanyo mbonera cya mashini kuva bagitangira.
Kurugero, barashobora kongeramo amafaranga make yimigabane ahantu nyaburanga, bazi neza uburyo imiterere yabo izafata casting idasanzwe. Basobanukiwe nubushobozi bwo guhangayika gusigara muri casting kandi barashobora gukurikirana ibikorwa byo gutunganya kugirango baborohereze batagoretse igice. Kugerageza kubona uru rwego rwo gukorana wohereza casting mbisi mumaduka atandukanye yimashini yuzuyemo icyuho cyitumanaho no gutunga urutoki niba hari ibitagenda neza.
Kurangiza ubuso nibindi bitekerezo. Kubishobora kwangirika kwangirika mubyuma bidafite ingese, kuvura passivation nibisanzwe. Ariko kubice bifite imiyoboro yimbere cyangwa geometrike igoye, kwemeza imiti yuzuye no kwoza ni ikibazo. Nibisobanuro byoroshye kwerekana ku gishushanyo ariko biragoye kubikora buri gihe. Utanga ibintu byiza azaba afite inzira zemewe kubwibi, akenshi birimo imyigaragambyo cyangwa ultrasonics.
Ibintu bifatika: Ntabwo ibyuma byose ari ibyuma
Guhitamo ibikoresho niho porogaramu isobanura inzira. Iyo tuvuze ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma bitagira umwanda kuri ibice byo gushora imari, turavuga ibyiciro byinshi byamanota yihariye. 17-4 PH idafite umwanda itanga imvura igabanya imbaraga, ariko uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwayo bworoshye kandi burashobora gukurura igice gito. 316L itanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa ariko ni gummy kumashini. Uruganda rukeneye kumenya ibi.
Ibi birakomeye cyane kubidasanzwe. Amavuta ashingiye kuri Nickel, nka Inconel 718, akunze guhitamo imbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hejuru no kurwanya okiside. Ariko, bazwiho gutandukanya ibintu nka niobium mugihe cyo gukomera. Ibi bisaba kugenzura cyane igipimo cyo gukonjesha kandi akenshi nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa homogenisation kugirango ugabanye ibintu neza. Iduka ridafite ubuhanga bwimbitse bwa metallurgjiya rishobora gutera ishusho neza ariko igatanga igice gifite ibikoresho bya sub-par.
Amavuta ya Cobalt, nka Stellite, ni iyindi nyamaswa. Bambara bidasanzwe kandi birwanya ruswa ariko birashobora kuvunika. Gutegura radiyo yuzuye hamwe ninzibacyuho kugirango wirinde guhangayikishwa nibyingenzi. Ntushobora gufata igishushanyo cyagenewe ibyuma bya karubone hanyuma ukagitera muri cobalt. Gutanga ibitekerezo hagati ya injeniyeri yubushakashatsi na metallurgist ya fondasiyo ni ngombwa hano. Igikorwa kimaze igihe kinini cyubaka isomero ryubu bumenyi, bwunvikana uburyo buri kimwe mubikoresho byabo byingenzi - kuva ibyuma byangirika kugeza kuri superalloys - bitwara mubikorwa byabo byihariye.
Ibitekerezo Byanyuma: Ni Sisitemu, Ntabwo Intambwe
Dushubije amaso inyuma, isomo rikomeye nuko gushora imari ari sisitemu ihuriweho. Guhindura ibishashara bigira ibishashara bigira ingaruka kumyubakire, bigira ingaruka kubitsindira, bigahindura imiterere yubushyuhe bwo gusuka, bigira ingaruka kumiterere yingano. Ntushobora guhitamo neza muri silos. Agaciro k'umufatanyabikorwa ntabwo ari ukugira ibikoresho byo guteramo ibishishwa, gushora imari, na CNC gutunganya munsi yinzu. Nukugira abajenjeri batunganya bumva uburyo buri cyiciro kivuga kurindi.
Igiciro nyacyo ntabwo kiri mubiciro byigice; ni mubuzima bwuzuye bwumushinga - igihe cyubwubatsi, prototype itera, igihe cyo kuyobora umusaruro wizewe. Gucisha make kugiciro cyo kuzigama hamwe niduka ridafite uburambe burashobora guhinduka hamwe nikibazo kimwe cyatsinzwe gifunga umurongo winteko. Ihame rituruka kumyaka mirongo yo gukora inzira imwe yibanze, nkuko wabitekereza kuri firime ifite amateka yimyaka 30, numutungo udasanzwe ariko ukomeye. Ni itandukaniro hagati yo kubona igice gisa neza no kubona igice gikora neza, icyiciro nyuma yicyiciro.
Igihe gikurikira rero uzasuzuma igishushanyo mbonera gishobora gushorwa, reba ibya geometrie. Tekereza ku myitwarire yibikoresho, isura igaragara, imizigo. Kandi hitamo umukunzi wawe ukurikije imitekerereze ya sisitemu, ntabwo ari agatabo kabo gusa. Urugendo rwigice ruva kuri moderi ya CAD rugana mubintu bikora mumaboko yumuntu ni birebire cyane kandi binini kuruta uko bigaragara.
