Iyo umuntu avuze ngo 'ibyuma bitagira umwanda,' abantu benshi bahita bashushanya ibintu byiza, bidafite ingese mugikoni cyabo. Mwisi yo gushinga no gutunganya, ibyo hafi buri gihe an Icyuma cya Austenitike, mubisanzwe amanota 304 cyangwa 316. Ariko dore umutego wambere uhuriweho: tuvuge ko austenitike yose yaremewe kimwe kukazi. Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi cyane byerekana gusa ingese hanyuma udusigire gukeka, byanze bikunze biganisha kubiganiro, cyangwa bibi, guhamagarwa. Nikel nyinshi hamwe na chromium birayiha ibyo birwanya ruswa kandi bigatuma idafite magnetique, byanze bikunze, ariko machinability? Iyo ni inkuru itandukanye. Nibyiza, birakora-nkumusazi niba utitondeye ibiryo byawe n'umuvuduko wawe, kandi ubwo buso bwiza burangiza buriwese arasaba inzira yuburyo bwitondewe, ntabwo ari igikoresho gityaye gusa.
Igorofa Igorofa Ukuri: Gutera amanota ya Austenitike
Kujugunya nuburyo bwubuhanzi ubwabwo. Mu iduka ryacu, dukorana nishoramari ryinshi hamwe nigishishwa cyibikoresho bigizwe nibintu bigoye. Gusuka amavuta ya austenitis nka CF8M (abakinnyi bahwanye na 316) ntabwo ari nko gusuka ibyuma bya karubone. Amazi aratandukanye, kugabanuka kugaragara cyane, kandi ugomba kuba maso bidasanzwe kubyerekeye kwinjiza. Ibi twabyize inzira igoye hakiri kare hamwe nitsinda ryimibiri ya valve kubakiriya ba marine. Ibisobanuro byasabye ubunyangamugayo, ariko twagize ibice bike byananiye ibizamini bya hydro. Nyuma yo gutandukana, twasanze micro-shrinkage porosity itagaragara kuri radiografi yo hejuru. Ikibazo? Ntabwo byari ibikoresho bifatika - byari byiza - byari igishushanyo mbonera cyacu cyo kuzamuka kuri geometrie yihariye. Twakoreshaga icyitegererezo cyakoraga neza mubyuma bya karubone ariko tuniga inzira yo kugaburira ibiranga gukomera kwa austenitis.
Nicyo kintu Icyuma cya Austenitike muri casting: ntushobora gukoporora-gukata inzira zindi miryango yibintu. Ibirungo binini cyane bihindura ibintu byose bijyanye nuburyo icyuma gitemba kandi gikonje. Tugomba gusubira inyuma, kwigana gukomera hamwe nuburinganire bukwiye bwumuriro wurwego rwihariye, hanyuma tugasubiramo sisitemu yo kugaburira. Wongeyeho ibice bibiri byinyongera mubice byoroshye. Yakemuye ikibazo, ariko byadutwaye igihe hamwe nibintu byiza byiza. Yacengeye mu itsinda ko idafite ingese mu gushushanya igomba kuza ifite amanota yihariye, ndetse no muri icyo gihe, ubwubatsi bwacu bugomba guhuzwa.
Aha niho uburambe bwigihe kirekire mubigo bifite akamaro. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka irenga mirongo itatu mugukina no gutunganya, byanze bikunze yubatse isomero ryimbitse ryibi bintu byoroheje, urwego-rwihariye rwibikorwa. Ntabwo ari ikintu usanga mu gitabo; ni mubiti biva mubikorwa byashize, inoti ziva mubakora itanura, ihinduka rito abashushanya bazi gukora. Iyo bavuze ko bazobereye mubikoresho birimo ibyuma hamwe n'amavuta adasanzwe, ubwo buhanga ntabwo ari ukugira itanura gusa - ni ukugira ubumenyi bwegeranijwe, akenshi butoroshye bwo kumenya uburyo bwo kubona amajwi ava mubyuma byamazi kugeza kumiterere yarangiye nta nenge zihishe.
Imashini: Aho Igitekerezo gihurira na Chip
Niba kuyitera ari ubuhanzi, kuyitunganya ni siyanse ya disipuline ifite ibyumba byinshi byo kwibeshya. Imyitozo yo kunangira akazi ya austenitis ibyuma ni umugani. Urashobora gufata igiceri cyiza, ariko niba igikoresho cyawe gitinze cyangwa kigasiba, warangije gukora ahantu hakomeye kuruta igikoresho cyawe cyo gukata, cyemeza ko cyarangiritse cyangiritse no gushiramo uduce kuri pass ikurikira. Ndibuka gushiraho akazi ka CNC kuri flange ya 316L kumashini nshya. Porogaramu yakoresheje ibipimo biva mubice bisa na karubone igice. Igice cya mbere cyasaga neza, ariko mugice cya gatatu, hejuru yarashwanyaguritse, kandi igikoresho cyataka. Tugomba guhagarara, gusuzuma ibintu byose.
Urufunguzo ni ukugenzura ubushyuhe no gukomeza kwimura chip nziza. Coolant ntabwo ari ugukonja gusa; ni kubwamavuta no koza iyo chip ikomye, ikomeye mbere yuko izengurutswe kumurimo cyangwa igikoresho. Twahinduye uburyo bukaze, butyaye bwa geometrie dushyiramo icyuma cyabigenewe kitagira umuyonga, twagabanije umuvuduko muke, kandi twongera ibiryo kugirango tujye munsi yumurimo ukomye kumurimo wabanjirije. Itandukaniro ryijoro nijoro. Imishwi yahindutse kuva mubyari byinyoni, byiziritse hejuru yinyoni ihinduka ifeza nziza. Ubuso bwo hejuru bwavuye kuri Ra 3.2 yacitse kugeza kuri Ra 1.6 isukuye.
Ubu ni bwo buryo bufatika, bwo guhuza amaboko busobanura ubushobozi bwo gutunganya. Niyo mpamvu iduka risaba Imashini ya CNC ubuhanga bugomba kuba ibintu byihariye. Umuntu wese arashobora gukoresha aluminium byihuse. Kwiruka 316 cyangwa 304 neza, hamwe no kwihanganira gukomeye hamwe nubusugire bwiza bwubuso, cyane cyane kumukuta muto cyane aho udashobora gukomera cyane kubera gutinya kugoreka, nicyo gipimo. Irasaba abatekinisiye bumva imyitwarire yibikoresho, ntabwo ari G-code gusa.
Amavuta ya Alloy: Ntabwo 304 yose ari 304 gusa
Urundi rwego ni itandukaniro rito mumuryango wa austenitis. Fata 304 na 304L. 'L' bisobanura karubone nkeya, cyane cyane mukurwanya ubukangurambaga - gushiraho karubumu ya chromium kumupaka wingano mugihe cyo gusudira cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ibyo bigabanya chromium yaho kandi bikica ruswa. Kubice bizasudwa nyuma yimashini, kwerekana 304 aho kuba 304L nikosa ryibanze. Nabonye bibaho. Umukiriya yatanze ibikoresho byabo bwite kuri 304 bar kubiterane byo gusudira. Twarayikoresheje, barayisudira, nyuma y'amezi atandatu, bafite uduce twiza ku turere twibasiwe n'ubushyuhe ahantu habi. Ibikoresho byari ukugaragaza, ariko ibitari byo kubisabwa.
Noneho hariho austenitike idasanzwe, nkamanota yo hejuru ya molybdenum (316, 317) kubidukikije bya chloride, cyangwa amanota ahamye nka 321 hamwe na titanium. Buri mashini imwe itandukanye. 321, nkurugero, ifite titanium irimo ishobora gutesha agaciro ibikoresho. Ugomba kubara kubyo. Iyo urutonde rwibikoresho bya sosiyete rurimo idasanzwe nka nikel-ishingiye kuri nikel, akenshi bivuze ko bagomba kugendera kuriyi nuance. Ingamba zo gutekereza hamwe nibikoresho bitangira guhuzagurika. Kwitondera amakuru arambuye asabwa kuri Inconel yunguka byimazeyo gutunganya amayeri ya austenitike adafite ingese.
Ibi bigera kumurongo wibikoresho byo gutoranya ibikoresho. Umufatanyabikorwa mwiza wo gukora ntabwo afata itegeko gusa; bagomba gushobora kubona ibyo bishoboka bidashoboka. Niba igishushanyo cyibikoresho bya pompe yinyanja guhamagara 304, hagomba kubaho ibendera, ikiganiro cyatangiye. Ahari 316 irakenewe, cyangwa birashoboka duplex idafite imbaraga kugirango imbaraga nziza. Urwego rwinama rwavutse kubwo kubona ibintu binaniwe kandi bigatsinda murwego.
Kuva Kumurongo Wibanze Kugeza Kurangiza Igice: Ikibazo Cyuzuye
Ikizamini nyacyo kiza mugihe ukoresha urunigi rwagaciro rwose, nkigikonoshwa gikonjesha gikenera noneho CNC ikora neza kumasura akomeye na bores. Ubuso bwa asitike yicyuma cya austenitike gifite igipimo gikomeye, oxydeide hamwe na decarburize. Inzira yawe yambere yo gutunganya igomba kuba yimbitse kugirango igere munsi yibyo byose, kugirango isukure, ibyuma byumvikana. Niba casting yawe ifite itandukaniro rito, gahunda yawe ya CNC ikeneye amafaranga kubyo. Twahujije gahunda yo kugenzura kumashini zacu kugirango tubone ububiko nyabwo kumaso ya datum mbere yuko ukwezi kurangira gutangira. Yongera umunota mugihe cyizengurutsa ariko ikiza igice kugirango isibe kuko gukata byari bike cyane ahantu hake.
Kwishyira hamwe ninyungu zingenzi. Ahantu nka QSY, aho inzira za Igikonoshwa, gushora imari, na Imashini ya CNC bari munsi yinzu imwe, ibitekerezo bisubirwamo ni bigufi. Itsinda ryimashini rirashobora kubwira uruganda niba bahora babona ahantu hakomeye mugace runaka ka casting, bishobora kwerekana ikibazo gikonje mubibumbano. Uruganda rushobora guhindura uburyo bwo gukina kugirango rutange aho ruhurira, rukora imashini. Iyi mikoranire ningirakamaro kubikoresho bigoye kumiterere no gukata.
Iremera kandi uburyo bunoze bwo gukora hafi-net-shusho ya casting. Kubice bya austenitis bitagira umwanda, urashaka kugabanya ingano yumuti uhenze ugomba guhinduka. Muguterera hafi yimiterere yanyuma hanyuma ugatunganya gusa intera ikomeye, uzigama ibintu byinshi byamafaranga hamwe nigihe cyimashini. Ariko ibi bisaba guhuza bidasanzwe hagati yubushushanyo bwa casting hamwe nogushiraho ibikoresho. Numukino wo murwego rwohejuru rwo gukora neza birashoboka gusa hamwe nubuhanga bwimbitse.
Kurangiza Ibitekerezo: Wubahe Ibikoresho
None, ni ubuhe buryo bukurikira nyuma yo gukorana nayo? Icyuma cya Austenitike ni umuryango udasanzwe wibikoresho, ariko bisaba kubahwa. Ntabwo ari igitonyanga-gisimbuza ibyuma byoroheje. Intsinzi yayo mubisabwa ishingiye kubintu bitatu: guhitamo icyiciro gikwiye kubidukikije bya serivisi, gukoresha uburyo bwo gukora (nka casting) bujyanye nimyitwarire yihariye yo gukomera, no gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zo gukora imashini zemera ubukanishi bwihariye bwo gukata. Shaka kimwe muri ibyo bitari byo, kandi uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ruswa no gukomera wishyuye ntibishobora na rimwe kugaragara mubice byanyuma.
Ibigo bihora bitanga ibintu byiza bya austenitike bitagira umwanda ntabwo bifata ibyemezo gusa. Nibibazo-bikemura ibibazo hamwe no gusobanukirwa metallurgie no guhuza ibikorwa. Babaza ibibazo bijyanye no gukoresha-iherezo, bafite amakuru yamateka kugirango birinde imitego yashize, kandi bafite ubushobozi murugo kugirango bahindure ibyiciro byinshi byinganda mubitaramo. Nicyo gisobanuro nyacyo cyinzobere muriki gice - ntabwo kijyanye nurutonde rwibikoresho nibindi byinshi bijyanye nubwenge bwegeranijwe, bufatika bukoreshwa kumurimo wose uza kumuryango.
Mu kurangiza, biza gufata gufata ibikoresho nkumufatanyabikorwa na kamere yacyo, ntabwo ari ibicuruzwa bigomba gukorwa. Iyo ukoze ibyo, ufungura ubushobozi bwuzuye, kandi nibyo bitandukanya ibice bikora nibikorwa byizewe, biramba. Iyo niyo ntego, uko byagenda kose. Turacyiga amayeri mashya burigihe burigihe bigoye gucapa kumeza.
