Urumva 'gushora imari' kandi ibitekerezo byinshi bisimbukira mu gishashara cyatakaye, imitako ikomeye, cyangwa wenda ibyuma bya turbine. Nicyo gisubizo cyibitabo. Ariko kumaduka, ntabwo ari amateka yurukundo nibindi bijyanye no guhora imishyikirano hagati yo kwifuza gushushanya nukuri kugaragara. Inkuru nyayo ntabwo iri mwizina; ni mubihumbi bito byananiranye no guhinduka bibaho mbere yuko ubona umusaruro ufatika. Abakiriya benshi baza gutekereza ko ari inzira yubumaji yo gukora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose - ohereza dosiye ya CAD hanyuma utegereze ibice byuzuye. Nibyo byambere, kandi akenshi bihenze cyane, imyumvire mibi.
Umukino wa Shell: Byose bijyanye na Fondasiyo
Umuntu wese yibanze ku gishashara, ariko igikonyo niho urugamba rutsindira cyangwa rwatsinzwe. Ntabwo ari kwibiza no kuniga gusa; ni chimie nu mushinga wo gucunga amashyuza. Ubukonje bwijimye, ubushuhe bwibidukikije kuri uwo munsi, igihe cyo kumisha hagati yamakoti - buri gihinduka gihindura ibisubizo. Twagize akazi aho igikonoshwa cyasaga neza, gusa cyacitse mugihe cyo gutemba kubera ko umurongo wa shitingi yumuriro wari muremure cyane kuri geometrie. Wiga gusoma ibishishwa. Guhindura ibara rito muri ceramic birashobora kwerekana ikibazo cyubushuhe buzagushiramo nyuma.
Ku kigo cyacu, dukoresha silika na zircon-shingiro yibanze bitewe na alloy. Kuri nikel nyinshi cyane, hafi ya buri gihe ujya zirconiya kuri iyo kote yambere yo mumaso kugirango wirinde icyuma-cyuma. Nukwongera ikiguzi, ariko kugerageza kuzigama amafaranga hariho inzira yukuri yo kubona ubuso bwarangiye. Ndibuka icyiciro cyo gutwara pompe muri 316L aho twakoresheje ikote risanzwe rya silika mumaso nkikizamini. Igisubizo? A 'orange peel' imyenda kumpera iyobora bisaba amasaha yo gusya byiyongera. Igikonoshwa cyari cyarabyitwayemo. Isomo ryize, ubu ni protocole isanzwe.
Ubunini bwa stucco butera imbere nubundi buhanzi. Simbuka vuba cyane kurwego ruciriritse, kandi ubuze kubika birambuye. Himura gahoro gahoro, kandi igikonyo cyo kubaka igihe kiba kidashoboka, kandi ushobora guhura nibibazo byimbaraga zicyatsi. Twashyizeho amajyambere, ariko nubwo bimeze bityo, kumuyoboro wimbitse, ufunganye, dushobora gushyiramo ikote ryiyongereye. Nibyemezo bidashimishije, bya granular bisobanura ubuziranenge.
Imyitwarire ya Alloy: Umufatanyabikorwa Utateganijwe
Tuvuze ibinyobwa, aha niho ubumenyi rusange bwananiranye. Gutera ishoramari isezeranya ubwisanzure bwo gushushanya, ariko icyuma gifite amategeko yacyo. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda nka 304 na 316 birababarira, ariko iyo winjiye muri superalloys - Inconels, Hastelloys, ibintu bishingiye kuri cobalt - ibintu byose birahinduka. Ibiranga gushonga, gutembera, nuburyo bigabanuka ni isi itandukanye.
Twakoranye numukiriya kumurongo wa cobalt-chromium. Moderi ya CAD yari ifite ibintu byiza, binini cyane. Isuka ya mbere ikoresheje amarembo yacu asanzwe hamwe no kuzamuka kubitagira umwanda byavuyemo kwibeshya. Amavuta ntabwo yatembye kimwe; 'byafashe' vuba. Twagombaga guhindura sisitemu yose yo kugaburira, twimukira mumarembo menshi, mato mato kugirango dukwirakwize ibyuma byihuse kandi dukoreshe ubushyuhe bushushe, hanyuma biduhatira guhindura igiceri mbere yubushyuhe kugirango twirinde guhungabana. Byasabye inshuro eshatu. Nibintu byihishe: hindura icyuma, kandi akenshi wongeye gukora inganda uhereye kumurongo hejuru.
Kugabanuka ni undi mutego wa kera. Amafaranga yo kugabanya amafaranga yo kugabanuka ni intangiriro, ntabwo ari garanti. Kuri geometrike igoye mubyuma byangirika, kugabanuka ntabwo ari kimwe. Turashobora gukoresha amafaranga 2.1% kumurongo, ariko muguhuza kwinshi, bizakurura bitandukanye kuruta kurubuga ruto. Rimwe na rimwe, ugomba kongeramo ingamba zo kugoreka ibishashara - gake-mbere-yunamye, urugero - bityo igoreka muburyo bwiza mugihe cyo gukonja. Urabyiga gusa mugupima amajana ya casting, mugutegura gutandukana, no gukora inyuma.
Gukora Intoki: Kuki Gutera Ntibihagarara wenyine
Iyi ni ingingo ikomeye ikunze kubura. Bake cyane gushora imari barangije ibice biturutse kuri shakeout. Burigihe bakeneye imashini. Niyo mpamvu kuri QSY ,. gushora imari na CNC ibikorwa byo gutunganya biri mubiganiro bihoraho. Ntabwo bimaze guta ikintu cyo kwihanganira byimazeyo niba guhuza ibikorwa bizakurikiraho bidashoboka cyangwa bidahindagurika.
Twari dufite umushinga wumubiri wa valve. Ibice byimbere byimbere byari byiza, ariko umukiriya yari akeneye kashe nziza mumaso ya flange. Igishushanyo cyambere cyo gukina cyari gifite ububiko buke bwo gukora, ahari 0.5mm. Mubyigisho, birakora. Mu myitozo, mugihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe, igice cyagabanutseho gato. Mugihe twayihambiriye ku buriri bwa CNC, ntitwashoboraga guhanagura isura yose mugihe dukomeza kugira uburinganire. Tugomba gusubira inyuma tugahindura ibishashara bipfa kongeramo 1.5mm yimigabane kuri iyo sura yihariye. Byasobanuraga igihe cyo gutunganya, ariko byemeza neza. Gukorana ni urufunguzo; ntabwo ugurisha casting gusa, urimo kugurisha imashini ikora.
Ubu buryo bukomatanyije nibyo ibigo bikunda Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) zubatse mu myaka mirongo. Hamwe nimyaka irenga 30 mugukina no gutunganya, gusubiramo ibitekerezo ni bigufi. Itsinda ryimashini ribwira uruganda, Turimo gutwika ibikoresho kuriyi hantu hakomeye, kandi uruganda rushobora kureba igipimo cyo kudatera cyangwa gukonja. Nibikorwa bifatika, bikemura ibibazo bigufasha gukemura ibikoresho kuva kumyuma kugeza kuri nikel-ishingiye kumavuta hamwe nicyizere.
Kwinjira no kugaburira: Abashoferi bucece
Niba ushaka kureba aho inyungu zishira gushora imari, reba sisitemu yo kwinjira. Nicyuma gisukwa ariko ntigishobora koherezwa. Igishushanyo mbonera cyumunebwe cyangwa kirenze urugero gishobora kugira umusaruro wa 40% - bivuze 60% byicyuma cyasutswe bikarangira byongeye gushonga cyangwa gusiba. Intego nukubona umusaruro ugera kuri 60%, 70%, cyangwa hejuru kumiterere yoroshye.
Porogaramu yo kwigana ifasha, ariko ntabwo ari ubutumwa bwiza. Turayikoresha muguhishurira ahantu hashyushye no kugabanuka kwinshi. Ariko ibikoresho bya software byerekana ibintu. Buri gihe dukora verisiyo yumubiri. Kubice bishya bigoye, rimwe na rimwe tuzakoresha ingingo yambere hamwe na thermocouples yashyizwe mugikonoshwa ku ngingo zikomeye. Amakuru dusubira inyuma yerekana kenshi ko kwigana byazimye amasegonda make cyangwa dogere, bihagije kugirango uhindure ahantu hagabanuka. Noneho iragaruka kuri moderi yuburyo bwo guhindura ingano ya federasiyo cyangwa ibibanza.
Ibibazo bitesha umutwe cyane ni ibibazo rimwe na rimwe. Igishushanyo kizagenda neza mumezi, hanyuma uhite ubona ububobere ahantu runaka. Inshuro icyenda kuri icumi, ni impinduka zifatika-icyiciro gishya cyumuti hamwe nibintu bitandukanye bitandukanijwe gato, cyangwa ihinduka ryibishashara bigira ingaruka ku kwaguka kwayo. Uhinduka umugenzacyaha, ukurikirana inyuma y'ibikorwa. Kwicisha bugufi. Irakwibutsa ko iyi ari ibikoresho siyanse yubumenyi, ntabwo ari imashini gusa.
Ibipimo Byiza Birahagije
Hanyuma, igitekerezo kijyanye nubuziranenge. Ikirere nubuvuzi bifite umwihariko wabyo, kandi ntibishobora kuganirwaho. Ariko kubikorwa byinshi byinganda, gushaka casting nziza ni amafaranga. Ubuhanga nyabwo ni ukumenya icyo 'cyiza gihagije' aricyo gikorwa. Ubuso buke buranyeganyega kubintu bitari kwisiga imbere? Birashoboka ko atari byo. Hoba hari akantu gato, konyine ko kugabanuka kugabanutse ahantu hatari umutwaro? Ntabwo aribyo.
Tumara umwanya munini twigisha abakiriya kuriyi. Igenzura rya radiografiya (X-ray) rizasanga buri gihagararo. Ikibazo nukumenya niba ari ihagarikwa ryemewe kurwego rusanzwe (nka ASTM E192). Gusunika kuri casting hamwe na zeru zeru zitagaragara zirashobora kwikuba inshuro eshatu ikiguzi no kuyobora igihe kubera kongera ibicuruzwa hamwe nibikorwa birenze-injeniyeri. Rimwe na rimwe, inzira yubukungu kandi yihuse ni ugushushanya hamwe nibiranga inzira yibitekerezo, ukemerera ibikoresho mubice bikunze kwibasirwa na mikorobe, aho kugerageza kubikuraho burundu.
Nibwo bwenge bwegeranijwe, bunaniwe gato bwo gukora ibi imyaka. Gutera ishoramari ntabwo ari ukugera ku gutungana mu cyuho. Nibijyanye no gucunga urunigi rwibintu bihinduka muburyo bwizewe, kandi mubukungu, bitanga ibice bikora. Ni ibishashara, ceramique, umuriro, ibyuma, hamwe ninshi byegeranijwe, bigoye gutsindwa. Ibigo bimara, nka QSY hamwe nimyaka itatu yibanda kubishishwa no gushora imari hamwe no gutunganya imashini, byumva iyo mpirimbanyi. Moderi ya CAD yerekana neza ikugeza kumuryango, ariko nigikorwa cyoroshye, kidahuje igitsina gitanga igice gihuye nibikorwa.
