Ibishashara bishashara, bizwi kandi nko gushora imari cyangwa gutakaza-ibishashara, ni inzira yo gukora neza ikoreshwa mugukora ibyuma bigoye hamwe nubuso budasanzwe bwo kwihanganira no kwihanganira gukomeye. Ubu buhanga bukubiyemo gukora ibishashara, kubishyira mu gishishwa cy’ibumba, gushonga ibishashara, no gusuka ibyuma bishongeshejwe mu cyuho. Byakiriwe henshi mu kirere, ubuvuzi, n’imodoka, ibishashara ituma umusaruro wa geometrike igoye igoye cyangwa idashoboka kugerwaho nubundi buryo bwo gukora.
Gukora ibishashara ni iki kandi bikora gute?
Ibishashara bishashara ni intambwe nyinshi yo gushiraho yashinze imizi mubukorikori bwa kera ariko bunonosowe nubuhanga bugezweho. Ihame shingiro rishingiye ku gitekerezo cy '"ibishashara byatakaye", aho igishashara cyakoreshejwe gisobanura imiterere yanyuma y igice cyicyuma. Bitandukanye no guta umucanga cyangwa gupfa guta, ubu buryo butuma uburinganire buringaniye hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutera hejuru-gushonga-ingingo.
Inzira itangirana no gutera ibishashara mubyuma bipfa gukora ishusho. Ibishushanyo byinshi bikunze gukusanyirizwa ku gishashara cyo hagati kugirango gitezimbere. Iri teraniro noneho ryibizwa inshuro nyinshi mubutaka bwa ceramic hanyuma ugashyiramo ibinyampeke byangiritse kugirango wubake igikonjo cyinshi, kitarwanya ubushyuhe. Igikonoshwa kimaze gukomera, igice cyose gishyuha muri autoclave cyangwa itanura kugirango ushonge kandi ikure ibishashara, hasigare ifumbire yubutaka.
Icyuma gishongeshejwe gisukwa mugikonoshwa gishyushye gishyushye mugihe cyumuvuduko cyangwa umuvuduko. Icyuma kimaze gukomera no gukonja, igikonoshwa ceramic kimeneka hakoreshejwe kunyeganyega cyangwa guturika amazi. Gutera kugiti cyaciwe ku giti, kandi amarembo yose asigaye cyangwa impande zose zivanyweho binyuze mu gusya no gusya. Igisubizo ni hafi-net-shusho yicyuma gisaba gukora byibura icyiciro cya kabiri.
Ubwihindurize bwamateka yubuhanga bwatakaye
Mugihe kigezweho ibishashara ikoresha ububumbyi bugezweho no kwikora, logique yibanze itangira imyaka ibihumbi. Umuco wa kera wakoreshaga ibishashara n'ibumba mu gukora imitako n'ibikoresho by'idini. Muri iki gihe, inganda zasimbuye ibikoresho kama n’ibishashara bya sintetike hamwe n’ibikoresho byihariye bishingiye kuri zircon kugira ngo byuzuze amahame akomeye y’inganda.
Ihindagurika ryahinduye inzira kuva mubukorikori bukaba igisubizo kinini cyo gukora. Ibikoresho byingenzi bigezweho bikoresha robotic diving amaboko hamwe nitanura ryikirere bigenzurwa kugirango bihamye. Nubwo ibi bisimbuka byikoranabuhanga, urutonde rwibanze rwo kurema ibishushanyo, kubaka igikonoshwa, gutemba, no gusuka ntigihinduka, byerekana imikorere irambye yuburyo.
Ubwoko bwibanze bwibishashara bikoreshwa mubyuma
Ubwiza bwa casting ya nyuma bushingiye cyane kumiterere yibishashara. Porogaramu zitandukanye zisaba ibishashara byihariye kugirango uburinganire bugenda neza, kugabanuka, n'imbaraga. Guhitamo ibishashara iburyo ni ingenzi mu gukomeza guhagarara neza no kwemeza umuriro.
Inzobere mu nganda zisanzwe zishyira ibishashara mu matsinda atatu y'ibanze ukurikije ibihimbano byazo kandi bigenewe gukoreshwa. Buri bwoko butanga inyungu zitandukanye bitewe nuburemere bwigice hamwe nurwego rusabwa rwo kwihanganira.
- Ibishashara by'icyitegererezo: Ibi byashizweho kugirango bigane igice cyanyuma geometrie hamwe nubudahemuka buhanitse. Mubisanzwe birimo uruvange rwa paraffine, ibishashara bya microcrystalline, hamwe ninyongeramusaruro nka resin cyangwa ibyuzuye kugirango bigenzure kwaguka no kugabanuka.
- Ibishashara biruka: Byakoreshejwe muburyo bwo gukora sisitemu yo kwinjirira (imiyoboro igaburira ibyuma igice), ibishashara bishyira imbere imbaraga hamwe no gufatana kugirango igiti gikomeze kuba cyiza mugihe cyo gukora.
- Ibishashara byuzuza: Akenshi bikoreshwa mugusana utunenge duto mubishushanyo cyangwa kuzuza umwobo munini kugirango ugabanye ibishashara muri rusange, nubwo imikoreshereze yabyo yagabanutse mumirenge ihanitse.
Uzuza ibishushanyo mbonera: Itandukaniro ryingenzi
Gusobanukirwa gutandukanya ibishashara byuzuye nibishashara nibyingenzi muburyo bwiza. Ibishashara by'icyitegererezo byakozwe muburyo bwo kugabanuka no kurekura neza biturutse ku inshinge bipfa. Ibinyuranyo, ibishashara byuzuza bishobora kugira igipimo cyo kugabanuka kandi ntibikwiriye gusobanura ibipimo bikomeye.
| Ikiranga | Igishashara | Uzuza / Igishashara |
| Igikorwa Cyibanze | Irasobanura igice cya nyuma geometrie | Ifishi yo kwinjiza cyangwa gusana inenge |
| Ingero zifatika | Hejuru cyane (Kugabanuka gake) | Guciriritse |
| Kurangiza | Byoroshye, indorerwamo isa nubushobozi | Imiterere ikaze iremewe |
| Igiciro | Hejuru kubera inyongeramusaruro zihariye | Urwego rwo hasi, rwinshi rwibicuruzwa |
| Ibirimo ivu | Hasi cyane (<0.05%) | Kwihanganirana gato |
Intambwe ku yindi Intambwe yo kuyobora ibishashara byuma
Gukora neza ibishashara ukuzenguruka bisaba kubahiriza byimazeyo akazi gasobanuwe. Gutandukana kurwego urwo arirwo rwose rushobora kuganisha ku nenge nko gutinyuka, kuzura kutuzuye, cyangwa kutamenya neza. Intambwe zikurikira zerekana uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora bukoreshwa munganda zumwuga.
Intambwe ya 1: Gupfa gushushanya no gutera inshinge
Inzira itangirana no gushiraho aluminiyumu cyangwa ibyuma bipfa gupfa, bikaba bibi mubice byifuzwa. Igishashara gishongeshejwe cyatewe muri uru rupfu rwumuvuduko nubushyuhe. Imiyoboro ikonje iri mu rupfu ikomeza ibishashara byihuse. Bimaze gushyirwaho, icyitegererezo gisohoka. Kubice bigoye, ibishashara byinshi birashobora guterwa hanyuma bigateranyirizwa hamwe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bishyushye.
Intambwe ya 2: Inteko no Kwinjira
Ibishashara ku giti cye bifatanye ku gishashara cyo hagati cyangwa sisitemu yo kwiruka kugirango ikore “igiti.” Iyi nteko yemerera ibice byinshi guterera icyarimwe, bikongerera ubushobozi bwitanura no gukoresha ibikoresho. Igishushanyo mbonera ni ingenzi; igomba korohereza ibyuma bitembera neza mugihe yemerera imyuka guhunga mugihe cyo gusuka.
Intambwe ya 3: Kubaka Igikonoshwa
Igiti gishashara kinyuramo inshuro nyinshi. Yabanje kwibizwa mumashanyarazi meza, hanyuma yoga mumucanga wangiritse (stucco). Uru rupapuro rwumye mbere yubutaha. Ikoti ryibanze rikoresha ibinyampeke byiza kubisobanuro birambuye, mugihe amakoti yinyuma akoresha ibikoresho bito kugirango imbaraga zubaka. Uru ruzinduko rusubiramo kugeza igishishwa kigeze mubyimbye bikenewe, mubisanzwe hagati ya 6 kugeza 10.
Intambwe ya 4: Kwangiza no Kurasa
Igiti gitwikiriye gishyirwa mu itanura ryaka umuriro cyangwa autoclave. Gushyushya byihuse bishonga ibishashara, bigashira burundu, bigasigara mu cyuho. Nibihe "byatakaye ibishashara". Igikonoshwa cyubutaka cyubusa noneho kirasa mubushyuhe bwinshi (akenshi burenga 1000 ° C) kugirango gikize binder kandi gikureho karubone yose isigaye, urebe ko ifumbire yiteguye ibyuma bishongeshejwe.
Intambwe ya 5: Gushonga no Gusuka
Mugihe igikonoshwa kigishyushye, ibyuma bishonga mumatanura atandukanye. Amavuta asanzwe arimo ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ibyuma bya karubone, aluminium, na superalloys. Icyuma gishongeshejwe gisukwa mugikonoshwa gishyushye. Imfashanyo ya Vacuum ikoreshwa kenshi mugushushanya ibyuma mubice bito kandi bikarinda kwinjiza umwuka.
Intambwe ya 6: Gukuraho Igikonoshwa no Kurangiza
Nyuma yo gukonjesha, igikonoshwa ceramic gikurwa muburyo bwa mashini, akenshi ukoresheje vibrasiya cyangwa indege zamazi yumuvuduko mwinshi. Igiti cyicyuma cyaciwe kugirango gitandukane. Ibikorwa byanyuma birimo gusya amarembo asigaye, guturika kurasa kugirango bisukure hejuru, hamwe no kuvura ubushyuhe nibisabwa nibisobanuro bifatika.
Ibyiza nimbibi za Wax Metal Casting
Kimwe n'ikoranabuhanga iryo ari ryo ryose rikora, ibishashara Yerekana urutonde rwinyungu nimbogamizi. Gusuzuma ibi bintu bifasha injeniyeri kumenya niba ubu buryo buhuye nibisabwa n'umushinga wabo bijyanye nigiciro, ingano, nibikorwa.
Ibyiza by'ingenzi
Imbaraga zibanze ziki gikorwa ziri mubwisanzure bwa geometrike. Irashobora gutanga ibice byimbere, munsi, hamwe nu murongo ugoye byaba bihenze cyane kumashini kuva kuri bilet ikomeye. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, kurangiza hejuru kugerwaho biturutse kumurongo byoroshye cyane kuruta guta umucanga, bigabanya igihe cyo gutunganya.
- Icyitonderwa cyo hejuru: Irashobora kwihanganira kwihanganira, akenshi muri santimetero 0.005 kuri santimetero imwe.
- Guhindura Ibikoresho: Bihujwe hafi ya ferrous na ferrous alloys, harimo nibigoye guhimba.
- Kugabanya Imashini: Ubushobozi bwa net-shusho bugabanya imyanda kandi igabanya ikiguzi cyibikorwa bya kabiri bya CNC.
- Ingorabahizi idafite Inteko: Ibice bisanzwe bisabwa gusudira ibice byinshi birashobora guterwa nkigice kimwe, bigateza imbere ubusugire bwimiterere.
Imipaka ntarengwa
Nuburyo butandukanye, inzira ntabwo ikoreshwa kwisi yose. Igiciro cyambere cyibikoresho (inshinge ipfa) kirashobora kuba kinini, bigatuma bidakorwa mubukungu kuri prototypes nkeya cyane keretse niba ibikoresho byoroshye byakoreshejwe. Byongeye kandi, ingano y igice igarukira kubushobozi bwibishashara bishashara hamwe nitanura rikiza; ibice binini cyane mubisanzwe bikwiranye no guta umucanga.
Ibihe byinzinguzingo nabyo birebire ugereranije no gupfa guterwa kubera ibyiciro byinshi byo kwibiza no gukama bisabwa kugirango hubakwe ibishishwa. Ibi bituma ibishashara bike cyane kubikorwa bya ultra-high-volume umusaruro ukorera aho umuvuduko aribwo shoferi wibanze, nubwo automatisation yagabanije cyane iki kibazo mumyaka yashize.
Gusaba Inganda no Gukoresha Imanza
Ubushobozi budasanzwe bwa ibishashara babigize ingenzi mumirenge aho imikorere no kwizerwa aribyo byingenzi. Ubushobozi bwo gutera superalloys idashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe hamwe numuyoboro utoroshye wo gukonjesha uhabwa agaciro cyane mubidukikije bikabije.
Ikirere hamwe na Turbine
Mu nganda zo mu kirere, kugabanya ibiro no kurwanya ubushyuhe ni ngombwa. Gutera ishoramari nuburyo busanzwe bwo kubyara turbine, ibinyabiziga, hamwe nibikoresho bya moteri. Ibi bice bikunze kugaragaramo imiyoboro yo gukonjesha inzoka imbere ikorwa hifashishijwe ibishishwa byashushe mu gishashara, igikorwa kidashoboka hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gukina.
Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga no kubaga
Urwego rwubuvuzi rushingiye kuri biocompatibilité na precision yibigize. Ibikoresho byo kubaga, gutera amagufwa, hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura amenyo bikozwe kenshi ukoresheje ubu buryo. Kurangiza neza neza bigabanya ibyago byo gukoroniza kwa bagiteri, mugihe ubushobozi bwo gutera imiterere igoye ya ergonomique byongera kugenzura kubaga.
Ibinyabiziga, Ubuhinzi, n’inganda zikomeye
Kurenga ikirere nubuvuzi, ibishashara ikora ibintu byinshi byinganda ziremereye. Abahinguzi bakoresha iyi nzira kubiziga bya turbocharger, moteri nyinshi, hamwe nibihagarikwa murwego rwimodoka. Muri ubwo buryo, imashini zubuhinzi, ibikoresho byubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro, hamwe na peteroli yimiti yishingikiriza kubice bishobora kwihanganira imyambarire ikabije ndetse n’ibidukikije byangirika. Mubisabwa byo kwirwanaho, inzira ikoreshwa kubakira imbunda hamwe nibice biyobora misile aho bisabwa imbaraga zikomeye hamwe na geometrike igoye.
Gutanga ibisubizo bitandukanye bisaba umufatanyabikorwa ufite ubumenyi bwimbitse nibikorwa remezo bifatika. Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) yerekana ubu bushobozi, azana uburambe bwimyaka irenga 30 mubikorwa byo gukina no gutunganya. Inzobere mu gushushanya ibishashara no gutakaza ibishashara hamwe no gutunganya CNC, QSY ikora uruganda runini rukora metero kare 50.000. Aya mahugurwa yuzuye arimo imirongo yihariye yo gushora imari, gushushanya ibiceri, gutunganya neza CNC, kugenzura ubuziranenge, no gupakira.
Ubumenyi bwibikoresho bya QSY bukubiyemo ibintu byinshi, uhereye kumyuma nicyuma gitandukanye kugeza kuri cobalt yihariye ishingiye kuri cobalt na nikel ishingiye kuri superalloys, ikemeza ko ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa bikomeye byimirenge kuva imashini zitunganya ibiribwa kugeza mubikoresho byinganda. Hamwe no kwiyemeza gutanga serivisi zihagarikwa rimwe, QSY yafatanije neza nabakiriya mubihugu birenga 20, ikemura icyuho kiri hagati yibisabwa byubushakashatsi hamwe nibikorwa byujuje ubuziranenge.
Inenge Rusange hamwe nuburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge
Kugera ku bwiza buhoraho muri ibishashara bisaba gukurikiranira hafi buri gikorwa gihinduka. Inenge zirashobora guturuka kubibazo byo gutunganya ibishashara, intege nke za shell, cyangwa gusuka ibintu bidasanzwe. Gusobanukirwa uburyo busanzwe bwo gutsindwa butuma habaho kugabanya ibikorwa.
Kwiyunvira hamwe na gaze
Ububabare bubaho iyo gaze ifashwe nicyuma gishongeshejwe mugihe gikomeye. Ibi akenshi biterwa no guhumeka bidahagije muburyo bwibishashara cyangwa ubushyuhe budahagije bwibishishwa bya ceramic. Kurwanya ibi, ibishingwe bitezimbere ibishushanyo mbonera kugirango biteze imbere laminari kandi bigakoresha sisitemu yo gusuka vacuum kugirango bavane umwuka mubyobo.
Itandukaniro
Kugabanuka kw'ibishashara cyangwa kwaguka kw'igikonoshwa ceramic birashobora gutuma ibice bigwa hanze yimipaka yo kwihanganira. Kugenzura ubushyuhe bwinshinge bipfa kandi nubushyuhe bwicyumba cyo kwibiramo ni ngombwa. Ibikoresho bigezweho bikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura ibarurishamibare (SPC) kugirango bikurikirane igipimo cyo kugabanuka kw ibishashara no guhindura ibipimo bipfa.
Kwinjizamo no Kuvunika
Ceramic inclusion ibaho mugihe ibice byigikonoshwa bimenetse hanyuma bigashyirwa mubyuma. Ubusanzwe biterwa nigikonoshwa kidakomeye cyangwa ihungabana ryumuriro mugihe cyo gusuka. Kugenzura ibihe byumye hagati yamakoti no gushyushya gahoro gahoro bifasha kugumana ubusugire. Kurira bishyushye, cyangwa guturika mugihe cyo gukonjesha, bikozwe muguhindura ibivanze no kugenzura ubukonje bwa casting.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo)
Gukemura ibibazo rusange bijyanye ibishashara, igice gikurikira gitanga ibisubizo bigufi bishingiye ku bipimo nganda n'uburambe bufatika.
Ni ibihe byuma bishobora gukoreshwa mu guta ibishashara?
Mubyukuri ibyuma byose bishobora gushonga no gusukwa birahuye niki gikorwa. Guhitamo bisanzwe birimo ibyuma bidafite ingese, ibyuma bya karubone, aluminiyumu, umuringa, umuringa, hamwe na superalloys ishingiye kuri nikel. Guhitamo biterwa nubukanishi bukenewe kubisabwa byanyuma.
Nigute guta ibishashara bigereranywa no gucapa 3D?
Mugihe icapiro rya 3D (byumwihariko Direct Metal Laser Sintering) ritanga prototyp yihuse idafite ibikoresho, ibishashara mubisanzwe bitanga hejuru yubuso burangije hamwe nubukanishi bwibicuruzwa byinshi. Ishusho ya 3D yacapishijwe ibishashara ikoreshwa cyane mugukora inshinge zipfa cyangwa uburyo butaziguye bwo gukora amajwi make, bikuraho icyuho kiri hagati yikoranabuhanga ryombi.
Nibihe bisanzwe byo kuyobora umushinga?
Ibihe byo kuyobora biratandukanye ukurikije ubunini nubunini. Guhimba ibikoresho mubisanzwe bifata ibyumweru 2 kugeza kuri 4. Ibikoresho bimaze gutegurwa, umusaruro wintangarugero urashobora kurangira mugihe cyibyumweru 1 kugeza 2. Umusaruro wuzuye uterwa nubunini butondekanya ariko wungukirwa nubushobozi bwibiti bishingiye kumiti.
Ese icyuma gishashara cyangiza ibidukikije?
Inganda zateye intambwe igaragara mu buryo burambye. Ibishashara byinshi bigezweho birashobora gukoreshwa; ibishashara bisigaye kubiruka nibice byanze byongeye gushonga no gukoreshwa. Igikonoshwa ceramic akenshi kirajanjagurwa kandi kigasubirwamo kugirango kibe umuhanda cyangwa ibishya bishya. Imikoreshereze y'amazi muri dewaxing nayo iragenda itunganywa kandi ikongera gukoreshwa muri sisitemu ifunze.
Ni ubuhe bunini ntarengwa bw'igishashara?
Mugihe nta mbibi zifatika, imbogamizi zifatika zisanzwe zifata igice cyapima ibiro 50 kugeza 100 kubucuruzi busanzwe bwubucuruzi. Ibice binini bisaba ibishishwa binini bya ceramic nubunini bunini bwicyuma gishongeshejwe, byongera ibyago byinenge. Kubice binini cyane, guta umucanga nuburyo bukunzwe.
Impuguke zinzobere mubyerekezo bizaza
Imiterere ya ibishashara igenda itera imbere hamwe no guhuza ikoranabuhanga. Inzobere mu nganda zerekana ko inzira igenda yiyongera ku gukora ibivange, aho icapiro rya 3D rikoreshwa mu gukora ibishashara bigoye bidashobora kubumbwa gakondo. Ubu buryo bukuraho gukenera ibikoresho bikomeye mubyiciro byiterambere byambere, byihutisha igihe-ku isoko.
Byongeye kandi, gutera imbere mubikoresho byubutaka bifasha urukuta rworoshye kandi ibihe byumye byihuse, biteza imbere kandi bikagabanya gukoresha ingufu. Automatisation muburyo bwo kwibiza no gutobora bikomeje kunoza inshuro nyinshi, byemeza ko nubunini buringaniye butumiza urwego rumwe rwibisobanuro nkibice bya prototype.
Isesengura ryamakuru naryo rifite uruhare runini. Mugukusanya amakuru nyayo avuye mu ziko, imashini zitera inshinge, hamwe n’ibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije, ibishingwe birashobora guhanura inenge zishobora kubaho mbere yuko bibaho. Ihinduka riva mubitekerezo bikora kugenzura ubuziranenge byerekana imipaka ikurikira mugukomeza guhatanira ibishashara kurwanya uburyo bushya bwo gukora.
Umwanzuro nuyobora
Ibishashara bishashara ikomeza kuba urufatiro rwinganda zigezweho, zitanga ihuza ntagereranywa ryubwisanzure bwo gushushanya, ibintu byoroshye, kandi byuzuye. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhindura ibishashara bigoye mubice byibyuma bikora cyane bituma iba igisubizo cyinganda zisaba kwizerwa no gukomera.
Iyi nzira irakwiriye:
- Ibigize hamwe na geometrike igoye imbere cyangwa munsi.
- Ibice bisaba ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane hamwe nibikoresho byiza bya mashini.
- Umusaruro ukorera aho ikiguzi cyibikoresho gishobora kugabanywa hejuru yibihumbi cyangwa ibihumbi.
- Porogaramu aho ubuso burangirira hamwe nuburinganire bwukuri nibyingenzi kugabanya ibiciro byo gutunganya.
Niba umushinga wawe urimo ibishushanyo bigoye bigoye gukora imashini cyangwa bisaba ibikoresho bigoye guhimba, ibishashara ni byiza guhitamo. Mugihe uhisemo umufatanyabikorwa kubyo ukeneye bya casting, shakisha ababitanga bafite sisitemu nziza yo kugenzura ubuziranenge, uburambe bunini mumuryango wawe wihariye, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutanga serivise zanyuma kugeza kumpera kuva muburyo bwo gukora kugeza kurangiza. Ibigo nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) Erekana uburyo imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo yihariye hamwe nubushobozi bwa CNC bwo gutunganya bushobora gutanga ibisubizo byizewe, inzira imwe kubakiriya bisi. Gutera intambwe ikurikira bikubiyemo gusobanura neza ibya tekinike yawe no kwishora hamwe ninzobere kugirango isuzume ibishoboka kandi bikoreshe neza.
