Iyo wunvise 'nikel alloy', ikintu cya mbere gishobora kuza mubitekerezo ni 'bikomeye' cyangwa 'bihenze'. Ibyo ntabwo ari bibi, ariko niho birenze urugero. Mumyaka yanjye hafi yimishinga n'amaduka yimashini, nabonye imishinga myinshi isitara kuko umuntu yerekanaga nikel ivanze ku gishushanyo, yibwira ko ari isasu ryubumaji. Ikigaragara ni uko, ari umuryango, no gutoranya umunyamuryango utari wo - nko kwitiranya Inconel 625 kuri Hastelloy C-276 ahantu habi cyane ya chloride - ni inzira yihuta kugera ku mpapuro zihenze cyane. Shitani ntabwo iri muri chimie gusa; ni muburyo ukura kuva gushonga kugeza igice cyarangiye, gikora.
Umukino wa Casting: Ntabwo ari ugusuka ibyuma gusa
Reka tuvuge kubyerekeye gukora imiterere mbere. Hamwe na nikel, uburyo bwo gushora imari-itsinda ryanjye muri QSY rimaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo rikora - akenshi ni ukujya kuri geometrike igoye. Ariko hano hiccup ifatika benshi bibagirwa: gukingura no kugaburira. Iyi mavuta ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukomera ugereranije nibyuma bisanzwe. Ntushobora kongera gukoresha igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu. Ibi twabyize hakiri kare hamwe nitsinda ryimuka. Yakoresheje icyitegererezo gisanzwe cyicyuma, cyarangiye afite imyanda mibi yo kugabanuka mumizi yicyuma. Gushonga byari byiza, chimie yari itunganye, ariko igice cyari gisakaye kuko twafataga inzira yo gukina nkibicuruzwa. Noneho, kuri buri gishya nikel urwego, dukoresha kwigana kwigana. Ntabwo ari amasomo; ni ukudasuka ibihumbi byinshi byamadorari ya superalloy yashonga muburyo butagira inenge.
Igikonoshwa kibumba ni ikindi gikoko. Kubishusho byoroshye, birahendutse. Ariko guhagarika ubushyuhe bwumuriro wigikonoshwa birakomeye. Amavuta ya Nickel akunze gusukwa hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kandi igikonoshwa gishobora gukora ibyuma bya karubone gishobora gucika cyangwa guhinduka, biganisha kubibazo cyangwa ibipimo byinjira. Dutanga isoko yihariye ya zircon ishingiye kubwacu nikel akazi. Nibisobanuro, ariko gusimbuka bivuze ko ukina urusimbi hamwe nubuso burangirira hamwe no kwihanganira ibipimo uhereye mugitangira.
Noneho hariho isuku ya post-casting - guca amarembo nibiryo. Hamwe nikintu nka Inconel 718 mubihe byashaje, bimaze gukomera-akazi. Gukoresha disiki itari yo gukata cyangwa gukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi bitera akarere gakomeye gashobora kuba inzozi kubikurikira Imashini ya CNC. Rimwe na rimwe, nibyiza gukora gukata muburyo bukemurwa na reta, hanyuma imyaka. Yongeyeho intambwe, ariko ibika ibikoresho no kubabara umutwe nyuma. Ibi ntabwo ari ibintu byibitabo; ni igitabo-igitabo logique yize kubikorwa byo gukora.
Imashini: Aho Igitekerezo gihurira nigikoresho cyacitse
Aha niho reberi ihurira n'umuhanda, cyangwa neza, aho karbide ihurira na chip. Kohereza ibisi nikel guta mumaduka asanzwe yimashini nigisubizo cyingengo yimari. Itegeko rya mbere: wubahe gukomera no gukomera-akazi. Ndibuka akazi k'impeta ya turbine, ikozwe muri Haynes 230. Icapa ryasabye kurangiza neza kuri diameter y'imbere. Inzira ya mbere yagenze neza, ariko kurupapuro rwanyuma rwo kurangiza, guhitamo kwinjiza byari bibi-bikabije geometrie. Ntabwo yagabanije; iranyerera. Ubuso bwo hejuru bukora cyane kuburyo bwakoresheje ibikoresho bibiri mbere yuko duhagarara. Gukosora? Ibiryo bikaze, bihoraho. Ugomba kuguma mu guca kandi ukirinda kureka igikoresho. Gukata urumuri ni umwanzi wawe.
Coolant ntabwo ari ugukonja gusa; bijyanye no gusiga amavuta kumpera. Umuvuduko ukabije, unyuze mu bikoresho bikonjesha hafi ya byose ntibishobora kuganirwaho kubintu byimbitse. Twize kandi guhuza ubukonje bukabije - kuvanga cyane kugirango amavuta meza, kabone niyo byaba bisukuye kenshi. N'ibikoresho? Kwinjiza Ceramic birashobora gukora kugirango bigabanye amanota amwe, ariko kurangiza, karbide ya premium submicron-ingano karbide ifite igifuniko kabuhariwe (nka AlTiN) nicyo dusanzwe dutangiriraho. Ndetse hanyuma, turateganya kunyura mubindi byinshi kuruta kubitagira umwanda. Ni ikiguzi utetse muri cote kuva mbere.
Ibikoresho ni ubundi buhanzi bworoshye. Ibi bice birashobora kugira impungenge zisigaye ziva muri casting. Gufata ubukana cyane kuruma kuruhande rumwe birashobora gutuma igice kigenda gato muri vise cyangwa fixture, guta kwihanganira hanze kubikorwa bitaha. Kubintu byingenzi, twongeyeho rimwe na rimwe guhangayika-kugabanya anneal nyuma yo gutunganya ibintu, hanyuma tugaruka kurangiza. Birasa nkaho bidakora, ariko akenshi birakora neza kuruta kugerageza kwirukana icya cumi mugice cyafashe icyemezo cyo kurwana. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwo gutezimbere utezimbere nyuma yo gutunganya amajana make yibi bice, ntabwo biva mu gitabo.
Ibikoresho bya Maze: Gutoranya Umurwanyi Ukwiye Kuri Round
Intambara zose ntabwo ari zimwe. Kugaragaza nikel alloy ni nko kuvuga ngo ubone imodoka-ni iyo guhunika ibiribwa cyangwa guterana ubutayu? Kuri QSY, tubona urwego. Monel 400 kubikorwa byo mu nyanja aho kurwanya ruswa ari urufunguzo ariko ubushyuhe bukabije ntabwo. Inconel 600 na 601 kubice bigize itanura-birwanya okiside nziza. Ariko iyo bibaye bibi rwose, hamwe na acide ishyushye cyangwa sulfidasiyo, niho haza amanota menshi ya molybdenum nka Hastelloy C-22 cyangwa C-276. Gusimbuka ibiciro ni ngombwa, ugomba rero kubyemeza ukoresheje amakuru nyayo yibidukikije. Naganiriye nabakiriya kugirango bakoreshe C-276 ahantu horoheje hafite caustic aho 316L idafite umwanda ishobora kumara hafi igihe cya gatatu cyigiciro cyibikoresho.
Noneho hariho ibintu byo gusudira no gusana. Amavuta amwe, nka Inconel 625, arababarira rwose. Abandi, kimwe ninshi mubyiciro byimvura igwa (tekereza Inconel 718), bisaba kuvura cyane ubushyuhe mbere na nyuma yo gusudira kugirango birinde gucika cyangwa gutakaza imitungo. Niba casting ifite inenge yoroheje, urashobora kuyisana? Igisubizo kigira ingaruka zikomeye ku gipimo cy'umusaruro n'ibiciro. Buri gihe dufite icyo kiganiro mugihe cyo gutoranya ibikoresho. Nicyemezo gihuriweho nabakiriya, ntabwo twemera gusa icapiro.
Ntitwibagirwe urunigi rwo gutanga. Impamyabumenyi zimwe, cyane cyane izifite cobalt nyinshi cyangwa imiti yihariye, irashobora kugira igihe kirekire cyo kuyobora cyangwa ibiciro bihindagurika. Mugihe kimwe, twagombaga gusuzuma umusimbura kuva muri Inconel 625 kugeza kumurongo usa ariko udasanzwe mubisanzwe kubitari ngombwa. Byasabye gusubiramo witonze ibyo umukiriya yifuza, ariko yabitse igihe cyumushinga. Guhinduka, gushigikiwe nubumenyi, ni igice cya serivisi.
Kwishyira hamwe: Kuva Mubishingwe kugeza Byarangiye Igice Munsi Yinzu
Aha niho icyitegererezo nkicyacu kuri Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) yerekana agaciro kayo. Gukemura byombi Igikonoshwa/gushora imari na Imashini ya CNC imbere ntabwo ari ibyoroshye gusa. Byerekeranye no kugenzura no gutanga ibitekerezo. Iyo itsinda ryimashini rihuye nikintu kitunguranye cyangwa ikintu cyo munsi yubutaka, barashobora kugisubira mumakipe yashinze. Hamwe na hamwe, barashobora kuyitandukanya: byari gushiramo slag, ikibazo cyimivurungano mugihe cyo gusuka, cyangwa anomaly ikonje? Ibyo kwiga bifunze-bidashoboka mugihe gukina no gutunganya bigabanijwe hagati yabacuruzi babiri bashobora kuzagaya mugenzi wabo.
Twubatse inzira yacu hafi yo kwishyira hamwe. Kurugero, dukunze gusiga ububiko bwinyongera hejuru ya casting tuzi ko ari amayeri yo kugaburira, tuzi ishami ryacu ryimashini rizabikora. Turashobora guhindura ibipimo byo gutunganya ubushyuhe dushingiye kumurongo wateganijwe. Iyi mikoranire, yateye imbere mumyaka 30 muri gukina no gutunganya, ihindura ingingo zishobora gutsindwa muburyo bugenzurwa, bucungwa. Igabanya ingaruka rusange kubakiriya, nubwo igiciro cya kg kuri kasting gishobora kugaragara nkibishingwe byihariye.
Iyemezwa rya nyuma akenshi riza mugupimisha. Kubice-byuzuye-byuzuye, dukora byinshi bya NDT-irangi ryinjira, ultrasonic. Kubona inenge nyuma yo gutunganya byuzuye nibiza. Kubibona nyuma yo gukina ariko mbere yimashini nini ni ugusubira inyuma. Ibikorwa byacu byahujwe byemerera iyo igenzura hagati, ningirakamaro cyane-agaciro nikel Ibigize. Ni itandukaniro rya filozofiya: ntabwo tugurisha gusa casting cyangwa serivisi yo gutunganya; turimo kugurisha ibintu bifatika, byizewe byanyuma.
Kureba Inyuma, Kujya Imbere
Noneho, nyuma yibi byose, ni ubuhe buryo bwo gufata? Nickel ntabwo aribikoresho ugura gusa mukibanza hanyuma ukajugunya mubikorwa bisanzwe. Irasaba kubahana, urunigi rwibyemezo byamenyeshejwe kuva guhitamo amavuta kugeza kurangiza. Amakosa akomeye nabonye yaturutse kubifata nko kuzamura byoroshye kuva ibyuma bitagira umwanda. Ni ururimi rutandukanye rwose.
Inganda zigenda zigana ibice byinshi, bikora neza cyane, akenshi hamwe numuyoboro ukonjesha imbere cyangwa ibice bito, byindege byindege byashobokaga gushora imari. Ibi bisunika imipaka ya byombi gukina no gutunganya inzira. Duhora duhindura ibipimo, tugerageza inzira nshya, rimwe na rimwe tunanirwa ku kizamini, kugirango tubone neza umusaruro. Ukuri nukuri.
Ni akajagari, gashingiye ku buryo burambuye, kandi bisaba kwihangana. Ariko iyo ubonye icyo gice cya nyuma - imiterere itunganye, igoye mubintu bishobora kwihanganira ibihe bibi - byohereza ingufu za turbine cyangwa gukoresha imiti yangiza, gusya byumva ko bikwiye. Ubumenyi ntabwo buri mu gitabo; iri mu nkovu ziri ku bikoresho bishaje kandi inoti zanditswe ku bakora ingendo zimyaka myinshi. Nibyo gukorana na nikel alloy mubyukuri.
