Iyo wunvise 'nikel ishingiye kubice bya alloy', ishusho ihita iba imwe mubintu bitangirika, tekinoroji yo mu rwego rwo hejuru igenewe moteri yindege cyangwa ibyuma byimbitse. Ibyo ntabwo ari bibi, ariko ni urwego-rwo hejuru rureba hejuru yukuri yo kubikora. Inkuru nyayo ntabwo yerekeranye gusa nibintu bitangaje byerekana - imbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kurwanya ruswa - ni ikinyuranyo kinini hagati yo kugira moderi ya CAD no gufata igice cyuzuye, gikora kitananirwa guhangayika. Amakipe menshi yo gutanga amasoko abona amanota ya alloy, nka Inconel 718 cyangwa Hastelloy C-276, bakibwira ko akazi gakorwa ahanini. Ukuri ni, aho niho imirimo nyayo, hamwe no kubabara umutwe nyabyo.
Umukino wa Casting Conundrum: Byose mubigaburo
Reka tuvuge kubyerekeye gushora imari, inzira rusange ya geometrike igoye. Hamwe na nikel ivanze, ntabwo ari ugusuka ibyuma bishongeshejwe mugikonoshwa ceramic. Imyitwarire yo gukomera ninzozi mbi niba utabigenzuye neza. Kugabanuka ni umwanzi. Ntushobora kongeramo ibiryo binini ahantu hose; urimo ukora ibintu bihenze, kandi uburemere burenze urugero ni imbogamizi ikomeye. Nabonye ibice aho igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo gutangiza, cyakoraga neza kubyuma bidafite ingese, byatumye habaho kugabanuka kwa catastrophique centerline igice cyinshi cya a nikel umubiri. Igice cyasaga neza neza hanze, ariko ibizamini bya ultrasonic byagaragaje ingirabuzimafatizo yaba yaracitsemo igitutu. Gukosora ntabwo byari ibintu byoroshye; yarimo gusubiramo byuzuye sisitemu yo kugaburira, ikoresheje software yigana kugirango igaragaze ubushyuhe bwumuriro, hanyuma ikabyemeza hamwe nurukurikirane rwibigeragezo bihenze.
Aha niho uburambe buva mu ruganda rwagiye ruzenguruka rutanga umusaruro. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka mirongo itatu mugukina, byagira protocole y'imbere kubwibi. Ntabwo bari gushingira gusa ku kwigana; baba bafite isomero ryamakuru yamateka kuva kuri geometrike isa, bazi ko kubwurukuta rwihariye rwinzibacyuho muri a nikel ishingiye kumurongo, ukeneye kugaburira igipimo cyihariye cya diameter-yuburebure, gishyizwe kumurongo ugaragara. Ubwo bwoko bwa tacit ubumenyi ntabwo buri mubitabo byose; yubatswe kuva kunanirwa no gutsinda mumyaka.
Igikonoshwa cyibikorwa ubwacyo birakomeye. Kwiyongera kwubushyuhe bwibikoresho bya ceramic bigomba guhuzwa nu mavuta kugirango birinde guturika cyangwa ubusembwa. Kuri gamma-primaire cyane nka IN-738, ikoreshwa muri blade ya turbine, ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gusuka bifite idirishya rya dogere selisiyusi 30. Kubura, ukabona nabi cyangwa gukura cyane. Ni ballet yubushyuhe bukabije nibihe nyabyo.
Imashini: Aho Igikoresho kijya gupfa
Niba gukina ari gutwikwa kugenzurwa, gutunganya nikel alloys ni intambara yo gukurura. Igipimo gikomereye akazi ni ubugome. Ufata gukata, kandi ibikoresho munsi yigikoresho birakomera ako kanya. Injira hamwe nibipimo bitari byo, kandi ntugabanye - urimo gukanda gusa no gutanga ubushyuhe buhagije bwo gusudira igihangano kubikoresho. Ibi nabyize inzira igoye hakiri kare, ngerageza kwanga diameter kumutwe wa Inconel 625. Koresha igikoresho cyiza-rake, umuvuduko usanzwe kandi ugaburira ibyuma bikomeye. Mu minota mike, iyinjizamo ryarashize, kandi igice cyigice cyari akajagari gakomeye, gasakaye byasabye amasaha yo gusya kugirango ukizwe.
Ingamba zirwanya intiti. Ukeneye ibikoresho bikarishye, bibi-rake, akenshi karbide cyangwa ceramic, hamwe nuburyo bukomeye. Umuvuduko muto wo hejuru, igipimo kinini cyo kugaburira, hamwe nuburebure, bukaze bwimbitse. Intego ni ukugera munsi yumurimo-ukomye kumurongo uhereye kumpapuro zabanjirije iyi hanyuma ukogosha ibikoresho mbere yuko bikomera kubikoresho. Coolant ntabwo ari iyo gukonjesha gusa; ni amavuta yo gukumira inkombe yubatswe kandi igomba gutangwa kumuvuduko mwinshi iburyo bwo guca. Ndetse hanyuma, ibikoresho byubuzima bipimwa muminota, ntabwo amasaha. Kuri complexe nikel impeller ikorerwa kuri 5-axis CNC, igiciro cyibikoresho gishobora kuba igice kinini cyakazi kose.
Niyo mpamvu ubushobozi bwo gutunganya bwanditse kurubuga nka QSY ntabwo ari agasanduku gusa. Kuvuga ko babikora Imashini ya CNC kubisanzwe bidasanzwe bivuga ko bashora imari mubikoresho byimashini bikwiye (tor-torque, high-rigidity spindles), bafite ibikoresho byabigenewe, kandi, cyane cyane, bafite programmes nabakoresha bumva ibipimo bitari bisanzwe. Ni itandukaniro riri hagati yububiko bushobora gukoresha igice kimwe gishobora gutanga igice cyuzuye neza hamwe nuburinganire bwubuso butazatangiza ibice muri serivisi.
Umuzimu Uhagaze
Undi mutego utagaragara ni guhangayika. Ibi bice akenshi biva mugukina cyangwa guhimba hamwe ningutu zikomeye zimbere. Urabashiraho kwihanganira neza ubushyuhe bwicyumba. Noneho, ushyira mu bikorwa ubushyuhe nyuma yo gutunganywa-vuga, kuvura igisubizo hamwe no gusaza kumvura igabanya imvura-kugirango ugere kumiterere yanyuma yubukanishi. Ubwo bushyuhe burashobora kugabanya imihangayiko, igice kigahinduka. Rimwe na rimwe, ni bake gusa, ariko birahagije kugirango ubiveho niba hakenewe kwihanganira cyane ibice bito.
Gukora ni urukurikirane rwo gutunganya ibintu bitoroshye, kugabanya imihangayiko, hanyuma kurangiza gukora. Rimwe na rimwe, ugomba no gukora imiti yo gusaza hagati. Yongera intambwe, ikiguzi, nigihe. Ndibuka umushinga wa manifold aho twabuze ibi. Barangije gutunganya igice kiva mubusa, hanyuma cyohereza hanze kugirango bivure ubushyuhe. Yagarutse yunamye nk'igitoki. Tugomba kugerageza kugorora, ibyo bikaba ari akaga, kandi amaherezo tugomba kubisiba. Isomo kwari ukuganira buri gihe uburyo bwuzuye bwo gukora - kuva kubusa kugeza kubuvuzi bwa nyuma - hamwe nuwabitanze imbere. Umufatanyabikorwa w'inararibonye yaba yarashyize ahagaragara ako kaga ako kanya.
Gusudira no Gusana: Komeza witonze cyane
Rimwe na rimwe, haboneka inenge ya casting, cyangwa igice gikeneye kubakwa cyangwa gufatanya. Gusudira nikel alloys ni umwihariko kuriwo. Bakunda gucika, gushyukwa, no gutandukanya ibintu bivanga. Icyuma cyuzuza kigomba guhuzwa neza, akenshi hamwe nibintu bitandukanye bitandukanye kugirango bigenzure gucika. Agace kagomba kuba gafite isuku itagira inenge - nta sulfure, nta sasu, nta mavuta. Ndetse ingano ya tronc irashobora gutera embrittlement.
Kugenzura ubushyuhe mbere yubushyuhe na interpass ntibishobora kuganirwaho, kimwe nuburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira kumanota menshi kugirango ugarure ruswa muri zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe. Nabonye kugerageza gutobora gusudira ubuso buto hejuru ya pompe ukoresheje inkoni isanzwe yuzuye. Byasaga nkaho ari byiza mu ikubitiro, ariko muri serivisi, ako karere ka weld kahindutse intangiriro yo gukomeretsa bikabije. Igiciro cyo gusana cyarenze kure agaciro k'igice. Kubice byingenzi, uburyo bwo gusudira bugomba kuba bujuje ibisabwa, kandi abasudira ubwabo bakeneye amahugurwa yihariye kubyo bikoresho.
Ikigereranyo cyabatanga: Kurenza Urutonde rwibikoresho
Ibi binzanye kumurongo wo gushakisha nikel ishingiye kubice. Ntabwo ugura ibikoresho gusa; urimo kugura ibicuruzwa byegeranijwe byubumenyi hamwe no gukemura ibibazo. Iyo usuzumye isosiyete, imyaka yabo mubucuruzi, nkimyaka 30 ya QSY, byerekana ko bayoboye iyi mitego. Ariko ugomba gucukumbura cyane. Bafite metallurgiste kubakozi cyangwa guhamagara? Bashobora kukwereka ingero z'uburyo bakemuye ibibazo bisa - nko kugenzura imiterere yintete mu gutobora uruzitiro ruto cyangwa gucunga ibikoresho byo gusya mu mufuka wimbitse? Bashobora kuvuga uburyo bwabo bwo kwemeza ingingo ya mbere, birenze kugenzura ibipimo?
Urubuga intro ruvuga ko bakorana ibishishwa bidasanzwe (ibinyomoro bishingiye kuri cobalt, ibinyomoro bishingiye kuri nikel, nibindi). Ibyo nibindi ni ngombwa. Yerekana kubushobozi burenze menu isanzwe. Abatanga isoko nziza ni abishora mubibazo. Bazabaza ibyerekeranye nibidukikije, imizigo, uburyo bwo gutsindwa ugerageza kwirinda. Bazabaza igishushanyo cyawe cyo gukora, batanga ibitekerezo byoroheje byinguni cyangwa impinduka za radiyo zituma igice kirushaho gukoreshwa cyangwa kugikora nta guhungabanya imikorere. Ibyo biganiro bifite agaciro karenze igiciro gito kuri kilo.
Mu kurangiza, ibice bya nikel alloy ibice byavutse kubufatanye hagati yuwashushanyije utekereza hamwe nuwabishoboye, ushyikirana. Ibikoresho ni isezerano ryimikorere, ariko iryo sezerano risohozwa gusa no gusobanukirwa byimbitse urugendo rwose kuva ingot kugeza igice cyashyizweho. Birangaye, bihenze, kandi byuzuyemo ingingo zishobora gutsindwa. Ariko iyo bikozwe neza, ntakindi kintu gishobora gukora akazi.
