Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'ifu ya metallurgie', bahita bashushanya icyo gikoresho cyakoreshwaga-cyuma-cyinshi, gikora, ariko mvugishije ukuri, mundane. Ngiyo imyumvire ya mbere itari yo. Ukuri kurimo ibintu byinshi kandi birashimishije. Ntabwo ari ugukora ishusho ihamye gusa; ni imishyikirano ihoraho hagati yimyitwarire yibintu, ibipimo byimikorere, hamwe nibisabwa-kutababarira ibyifuzo byanyuma. Tumaze kubona ibice biva kumurongo ahantu hatanga inganda zikomeye, itandukaniro riri hagati yigitabo PM na PM-iduka rya PM niho ubumenyi nyabwo butuye.
Alloy Puzzle nimpamvu guhimba atari byose
Utangirana nuruvange rwifu. Datasheet iguha icyuma, umuringa, grafite, ahari nikel. Ariko ubufindo-kuri-byinshi muburyo butandukanye bwo kugabura kubitanga birashobora guta imbaraga zawe zo guhuza. Twize ibi inzira igoye kumurongo wa sisitemu ya convoyeur. Ikirangantego cyarujujwe, ariko imigendekere yari itandukanye muburyo bworoshye, biganisha kuri gradients ntoya nyuma yo gucumura byagaragaye gusa mugupima umunaniro mwinshi. Ntabwo byari kunanirwa kuri buri mwanya, ariko byari byibutsa ko ifu ari ibintu bizima, atari imiti yimiti gusa.
Aha niho uburambe hamwe nibindi bikorwa byo gushiraho, nkishoramari ryakozwe numufatanyabikorwa umaze igihe Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), itanga itandukaniro rishimishije. Bamaze imyaka irenga mirongo itatu bakora imyitwarire yicyuma gishongeshejwe. Kuri twe muri PM, ibyuma byacu birakomeye kugeza igihe tubihatiye gukora ukundi. Ubuhanga bwabo mubishushanyo mbonera no gushora imari hamwe nuduseke twihariye nka nikel ishingiye kuri nikel iramenyesha imitekerereze yacu kubyerekeye ingamba zo guhuza ibice bya PM bikora neza. Turashobora kugera kuri microstructure ikwirakwizwa binyuze muburyo bwo kuvanga no gucumura aho gushonga? Rimwe na rimwe, ariko inzira yikiguzi iratandukanye.
Guhitamo hagati yifu ya porojeri hamwe nuruvange rwibanze kuvanga nubundi buryo bwo guhamagarira urubanza. Ifu yabanje kuvangwa, nkibikoresho bimwe bidafite ingese cyangwa ibikoresho byicyuma, biguha ubutinganyi ariko birashobora kuba ikuzimu kugirango bigabanuke kubera gukomera. Elemental ivanga sinter ikora cyane ariko ibyago biterwa na inomomogeneité niba ukwezi kutari byiza. Nubucuruzi hagati yikiguzi nigiciro cyo gucumura, kandi uringaniza kuruhande rwicyuma.
Imbyino ya Sintering: Ubushyuhe, Ikirere, nigihe
Gucumura niho ubumaji n'ubwoba bibera. Ntabwo ari itanura rifite ubushyuhe bwashyizweho. Igipimo cyo hejuru, ikime cyikirere cyikirere (cyaba gaze ya endothermic, ammonia yatandukanijwe, cyangwa vacuum), kandi igihe cyubushyuhe gitera ikiganiro nuduce twa poro. Fata kimwe kibi, kandi urimo kureba igice cyacitse kubwo guhuza nabi cyangwa kugoreka kugabanuka kutaringaniye.
Ndibuka umushinga wibikoresho bya hydraulic valve bisaba guhuza imbaraga nimbaraga zo kwinjiza amavuta. Twashyizeho imisumari yubucucike nyuma yo guhuzagurika, ariko umwirondoro wo gucumura wari uhagaze gato - byihuse cyane. Yakoze ingaruka zuruhu zifunze imyenge yo hejuru imburagihe. Ibice byatsinze igenzura ariko byananiranye muri laboratoire mugihe cyo gupima amavuta. Gukosora ntabwo byari impinduka zikomeye; yari gahoro gahoro, yoroheje kugirango yemere imyuka y'imbere guhunga idafunze hejuru. Isomo ryoroshye, rihenze.
Ibi bitandukanye no kugenzura gukomera mugukina. Gushakisha ubushobozi bwa QSY kurubuga rwabo kuri tsingtaocnc.com, kugenzura kwabo gushimangira gushora imari kubutaka bushingiye kuri cobalt bijyanye no gucunga icyiciro cyamazi. Ikibazo dufite muri PM gucumura ni ugukwirakwiza ibintu bikomeye kandi rimwe na rimwe ibyiciro byamazi byigihe gito. Intego yanyuma - amajwi, ubunyangamugayo buhanitse igice - ni kimwe, ariko inzira ihari yumva itandukanye cyane.
Iyo PM ahuye na mashini: Nyuma yukuri gutunganywa
Ntamuntu ukunda kubyemera, ariko net-imiterere isezerana ya powder metallurgie akenshi izana inyenyeri. Kubintu byingenzi-insanganyamatsiko, kwihanganira ultra-tight kwihanganira bores, grooves idasanzwe - ugiye kumashini ya CNC. Imashini yikigice cyacumuye ninyamaswa yacyo. Ntabwo ari nko gutunganya akabari gakozwe; ibisigisigi bisigaye birashobora gukora nka chip breaker (nziza) ariko kandi byihutisha kwambara ibikoresho (bibi).
Twohereje PM ubusa kumaduka yimashini zikoreshwa muguterera cyangwa guhimba ibicuruzwa, kandi ibitekerezo ni uburezi. Gukata ibipimo bikeneye guhinduka. Niyo mpamvu utanga isoko afite ubushobozi bwuzuye afite agaciro. Isosiyete nka QSY, urutonde rwa CNC gutunganya kuruhande rwihariye rwa casting, rwumva imyitwarire yibintu uhereye kumpande nyinshi. Gukora nikel yacuzwe nikel bisaba gukoraho bitandukanye no gutunganya mugenzi we, nubwo izina ryizina risa. Igice cyacumuye gishobora kuba gifite okiside nziza, ikwirakwijwe hejuru yifu ifu igomba gukemurwa.
Inzira yo gusubiramo nayo iratandukanye. Umubyigano urashobora gutega itangazamakuru ryogusukura cyangwa amazi, ninzozi mbi kubice bisukuye cyangwa byumye. Ntushobora kubajugunya gusa muri vibratory tumbler ukayita umunsi. Bikunze gusaba isuku ikurikiranye hamwe numuti wihariye no gukama neza.
Niche ya Alloys idasanzwe hamwe na geometrike igoye
Aha niho ifu ya metallurgie itangira kumurika no kwerekana inzira igoye. Ibikoresho bigoye cyangwa bidashoboka guta cyangwa guhimba muburyo bugoye-nkibintu bimwe na bimwe bya tungsten biremereye, cyangwa ibyuma byabugenewe byabugenewe - nubutaka bwa PM. Ubushobozi bwo gukora ibyiciro cyangwa ibyagenzuwe neza (kubiyungurura cyangwa kwiyitirira amavuta) birihariye.
Twakoze kuri prototype yibikoresho byubuvuzi dukoresheje titanium. Guhimba byari bibujije igiciro gito, kandi gutunganya ibintu bikomeye byatakazaga hejuru ya 80% yibikoresho bihenze. Icyuma cyo gutera inshinge (MIM), impinduka ya PM, cyari igisubizo. Yemereye imiterere igoye, kama ifite urukuta ruto, ikintu cyaba ingorabahizi no gushora neza. Icyaha cyagombaga gukorwa mu cyuho kinini, kandi kugoreka byari intambara, ariko byagize akamaro. Muri iyi mfuruka yinganda niho PM ibona ikibanza cyayo gishobora kwirwanaho.
Urebye urutonde rwibintu bivuye mu ruganda nka QSY—Icyuma, ibyuma, ibyuma, cobalt na nikel alloys - nibutsa ko buri nzira ikora domaine yayo. Kubice byinshi, ugereranije byoroshye ibice bya ferrous, bisanzwe-kanda-na-sinter PM biragoye gutsinda kubiciro. Kuri ultra-high-performance-alloys muburyo bugoye, aho ikiguzi cyibintu byiganje, PM wambere cyangwa MIM irushanwa muburyo bwo gushora imari. Icyemezo cya matrix kirimo ingano, geometrie, ibikoresho, nibisabwa kumitungo. Ni gake cyane igisubizo kimwe kigaragara.
Ibitekerezo byanyuma: Ninzira yo Guhora Uhuza
Noneho, ifu ya metallurgie ntabwo yashizweho-no kwibagirwa ibikorwa. Ni sisitemu. Guhindura ibirango bisiga amavuta, guhinduranya dogere 10 mukarere gashyushye k'itanura, icyiciro gishya cy'ifu - kimwe muribi gishobora guhishura ibizavamo. Ubuhanga buri mu kubaka inzira ikomeye ishobora gukuramo utuntu duto duto no kugira ubumenyi bwo gusuzuma kugirango tumenye ibitaragenze neza mugihe icyiciro kirangiye.
Ntabwo ari bike mubyerekeranye nimpinduramatwara nibindi byinshi byiyongera, bigoye gutsindwa. Turashobora kubona 0.5% yubucucike tutiriwe twongera tonnage? Turashobora kugabanya igihe cyo gucumura 5% tutababaje gukomera? Ubu ni bwo gusya buri munsi. Ntabwo ari byiza, ariko iyo ufashe igice gikora neza mugihe uhangayitse, uzi intambwe yose yateye kuva ifu irekuye kugeza kuri kiriya gice cyarangiye, kunyurwa birasobanutse. Nubuhamya bwo kugenzura akajagari, agace gato ka micron icyarimwe.
Imiterere nayo ni imwe mubufatanye. Ubumenyi buva mubishingwe, uhereye kubakanishi, uhereye kubakoresha-amaherezo bose bagaruka mugukora ibice byiza bya PM. Numuzingo uhoraho wubumenyi bwibintu hamwe nububiko bufatika-gukemura ibibazo. Ibyo, kuruta byose, numutima wubukorikori.
