Reka tuvuge kubyerekeranye na prototype. Nimwe mumagambo atabwa hirya no hino, akenshi hamwe no kutumvikana. Abantu bumva prototype bagatekereza gucapisha 3D cyangwa gukora imashini yihuta, ikintu cyiza na digitale. Noneho bumva guta umucanga n'amashusho manini, umusaruro mwinshi ukoreshwa kuri moteri. Ubumaji nyabwo, hamwe ningorabahizi nyayo, bibaho neza aho ibyo bitekerezo byombi bihurira. Ntabwo ari ugukora igice kimwe cyuzuye muri laboratoire; ni ugukora igice gikora, kigeragezwa cyitwara nkibikorwa byanyuma bizakorwa, ukoresheje umuryango wibanze wibikorwa. Intego ntabwo ari imiterere gusa - ni imiterere yibikoresho byerekana, inguni zifatika, kurangiza hejuru, hamwe nibisambo byose biva mugusuka ibyuma mumucanga. Inshuro nyinshi Nabonye imishinga ihagaze kuko prototype yakozwe muburyo butandukanye rwose, kandi amakuru yo kwipimisha ntabwo yasemuye. Ngiyo icyuho prototype yumucanga ugamije kurenga.
Igitekerezo Cyibanze: Ubudahemuka Kurenga Igipolonye
Agaciro shingiro ko gukoresha umucanga kuri prototype ni ubudahemuka. Urimo kwiyemeza kugerwaho hakiri kare. Niba igice cyawe cya nyuma kizaba umusenyi, noneho prototype yawe nayo igomba kuba. Izi mbaraga zishushanya kubikorwa (DFM) ibiganiro kugirango bibe mugitangira, ntabwo nkibitekerezo. Uzarebe aho ukeneye umushinga, uzumva uburemere bwicyuma, uzasobanukirwa imbogamizi zo guterana ningaruka. Numwarimu wubugome ariko w'inyangamugayo. Porotipi nziza yakozwe neza irashobora kugaragara neza kumeza, ariko ntacyo ikubwira kubyerekeranye nuburyo icyuma kizatemba mubibumbano, aho kugabanuka gukabije bishobora kugaragara, cyangwa niba inzibacyuho yurukuta rwawe ikabije kuburyo bwo gushinga.
Ndibuka umushinga wo gushiraho agace k'ibikoresho by'inganda. Umukiriya wa mbere prototype yari CNC yakozwe mumasahani akomeye ya aluminium. Birahuye, byarakoze. Icyatsi kibisi ibikoresho byumuvuduko ukabije bipfa guta. Amafuti ya mbere avuye mu musaruro apfa yari yuzuyemo imbeho ikonje kandi yuzuye ituzuye. Kubera iki? Imashini yimashini yari ifite impande enye zingana, zidashoboka ko ibyuma bishongeshejwe byuzura umuvuduko mwinshi. Umucanga woroshye wa prototype, ndetse nuwakomeye, wahita ushira ahagaragara geometrie nkikibazo. Twari kubona ko hakenewe radii. Ngiyo isomo ritwara ibihumbi icumi mugupfa gukora.
Aha niho umufatanyabikorwa ufite uburambe bwimbitse butavugwaho rumwe. Ukeneye umuntu ushobora kureba moderi ya CAD agahita yiyumvisha ifumbire, umurongo wo gutandukana, ingirangingo. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka 30 yabo muri casting, ikorera muri uyu mwanya byimazeyo. Ntabwo ari ugukora ibishushanyo gusa; ni ukugira inama kuburyo wahindura igishushanyo mbonera kugirango prototype-kandi nukwagura, igice cyanyuma-igenda neza. Akazi kabo hirya Igikonoshwa, gushora imari, hamwe nibisigazwa bitandukanye bivuze ko basobanukiwe neza, bityo bakamenya neza igihe n'impamvu yo gusaba umucanga kuri prototype.
Inzira: Byihuse, Umwanda, kandi Utanga amakuru
None, nigute mubyukuri bikora kumurongo umwe cyangwa kwiruka gato? Akenshi ni intoki cyangwa igice cyintoki. Ntabwo wubaka uburyo burambye, bushobora gukoreshwa kumashini ibumba. Birashoboka cyane, urimo gutunganya icyitegererezo cyiza kiva muburyo bwa urethane cyangwa ndetse nifuro ryinshi. Iki gishushanyo noneho gikoreshwa mugukora umucanga, akenshi ukoresheje sisitemu yumucanga udatetse kugirango wihute. Ifumbire irashobora kuba yoroshye ibice bibiri cope no gukurura, cyangwa birashobora gusaba ibice byoroshye. Icyibandwaho ni gufata geometrie, ntabwo ari ukugera ku musaruro urwego rwo hejuru.
Guhitamo icyuma ni ngombwa. Ushaka guhuza, hafi bishoboka, umusemburo ugenewe kubyara umusaruro. Niba igice cya nyuma kigomba kuba icyuma, prototype yawe igomba gusukwa mubyuma. Ibi bipima ubwinshi bwurwo ruvange rwihariye, igipimo cyacyo cyo kugabanuka, ibisabwa byo kugaburira. Gusuka prototype muri aluminium mugihe umusaruro uzaba ibyuma ntacyo bimaze uhereye kubitekerezo byimyitwarire. Aka ni akandi gace aho ubumenyi bwibikoresho byumushinga ari urufunguzo. Uburambe bwa QSY hamwe icyuma, ibyuma, ibyuma, ndetse bidasanzwe nikel bivuze ko bashobora kukuyobora kubintu bihagarariye, ndetse no kuri prototype. Imbaraga zumuriro zo gusuka superalloy nisi itandukanye nicyuma kijimye.
Ibyakurikiyeho ni ngombwa kimwe no gusuka. Uranyeganyeza casting, ukata amarembo na risers, hanyuma ukabona rwose ibyo ufite. Isura ya mbere ihora ivuga. Urashobora kubona igabanuka rigaragara mu gice cyijimye, cyemeza ko ukeneye riser nini. Urashobora kubona umucanga waka ku gice gito, byerekana ko icyuma cyari gishyushye cyane cyangwa igice ni gito cyane kuburyo cyuzura neza. Nibisanzwe, ibitekerezo byihuse. Noneho ukora isuku ntoya - birashoboka ko kurasa byihuse hamwe no kunyura kumurongo wo gutandukana hamwe na gride - gusa birahagije kugirango ikore ibizamini. Intego nukuyinjiza mumashini cyangwa kuri mashini kugirango urebe niba ikora, kandi cyane cyane, uburyo binanirwa niba ikora.
Iyo ari Igikoresho Cyiza (Kandi Iyo Atari)
Umucanga wa prototype urabagirana kubikorwa bimwe. Ibice binini, kuri kimwe. Akenshi nuburyo bwonyine buhendutse bwo gukora prototype ikintu gifite metero cyangwa irenga mubunini. Ibice biremereye ni undi mukandida mwiza, nkubundi buryo bwihuse bwa prototyping burwana nubunini bwicyuma. Nibyiza kandi kubice bifite umwobo w'imbere bigoye bisaba umusenyi. Urashobora gukora prototype inzira yo gukora ubwayo. Kandi ntiwumve, ni nkenerwa mugihe ibintu bifatika byumuti wihariye wa casting aribyo byingenzi mugupima, nkubushyuhe bwa a cobalt cyangwa kurwanya ruswa yo kurwego rwihariye.
Ariko ntabwo ari ubwoba. Kubice bito cyane, birambuye cyane hamwe no kwihanganira gukomeye, gushora imari bishobora kuba inzira nziza ya prototype, ndetse no kubice byumucanga, kugirango ugenzure neza. Niba ukeneye prototipi hafi icumi isa nicyiciro cyikizamini, ubukungu bushobora kugusunikira kugihe gito-gihoraho cyangwa gukora imashini. Niba kandi ubuso burangije cyangwa ibipimo bifatika nibyo byibanze byikizamini, noneho birashoboka ko waba mwiza kuruta gutunganya. Imbaraga zo guta umucanga wa prototype ni ukugerageza gukora no gukora byinshi mubikorwa byubushakashatsi bugenewe guta umucanga.
Urugero rufatika: twigeze gukora kuri prototype kubishushanyo mbonera bishya. Uburinganire bwa geometrie bwari bugoye, hamwe nibice bihuza. Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro bwagombaga kuba ibishishwa. Twakoresheje prototype yumucanga (muburyo bwiza bwumucanga wicyatsi) kugirango tugerageze igishushanyo mbonera. Porotype yerekanye ikibazo gikomeye cyimivurungano mugice kimwe cyaba cyaratumye habaho gushingwa. Twongeye gushushanya sisitemu yo kwiruka dushingiye kuri prototype imwe isuka. Mugihe nyuma twimukiye mubyukuri Igikonoshwa inzira yo kubanziriza umusaruro, icyo kibazo cyari kimaze gukemuka. Porotype ntabwo yasaga neza, ariko yakijije umushinga.
Inzitizi zifatika hamwe nicyemezo gifatika
Ntabwo byose byoroshye. Imwe mu mitwe minini ni ugukora igishushanyo. Kubwukuri-imwe, gusenya imashini yakozwe mubibumbano biremewe. Ariko niba utekereza ko ushobora gukenera bibiri cyangwa bitatu kugirango usubiremo, ukeneye icyitegererezo kirambye. Ibyo bizamura igiciro cyambere nigihe. Hariho ubucuruzi buhoraho: ni bangahe dushora mubikoresho bya prototype (icyitegererezo) no kubona ibyuma mu ntoki?
Indi ngingo ifatika ni umusenyi ubwawo. Uruganda rutanga umusaruro rukoreshwa neza, rwongeye gukoreshwa n'umucanga wongeyeho. Amaduka ya prototype arashobora gukoresha sisitemu yumucanga itandukanye. Imiterere yubushyuhe iratandukanye. Ibi birashobora rimwe na rimwe gutuma habaho itandukaniro rito mubipimo byo gukonjesha hamwe nuburyo bwo hejuru ugereranije nibikorwa byanyuma. Ugomba kubimenya kandi ntusobanure cyane ubuso buto butandukanye. Ibikoresho byingenzi byubukanishi, bigomba kugengwa nicyuma, ntabwo ari umucanga.
Igihe cyo kuyobora ni ikindi kintu. Birihuta kuruta kubaka ibikoresho, ariko ntabwo nijoro. Ufite ibishushanyo mbonera, guteranya ibishushanyo, gusuka, gukonjesha, no kunyeganyega. Ingengabihe ifatika igice giciriritse ni ibyumweru bibiri cyangwa bine. Aha niho hategurwa ibibazo. Nicyiciro gikwiye kubahwa muri gahunda yiterambere ryibicuruzwa, ntabwo kumunota wanyuma yewe, dukeneye igice cyicyuma.
Kwishyira hamwe nintambwe zikurikira: CNC na Hanze
Ni gake ukora prototype yumucanga ujya kwipimisha nta gutunganya. Ngiyo ihuriro risanzwe kumurongo wuzuye wa serivisi. Uzakenera hafi buri gihe gukora imashini zikomeye za datum, imyobo ya bolt, cyangwa gufunga hejuru kugirango ubone ikizamini nyacyo. Iyi niyo mpamvu icyitegererezo cyisosiyete itanga casting na Imashini ya CNC ifite imbaraga. Bashobora gukemura ibibazo byose: gusubiramo igishushanyo, gukora igishushanyo, gusuka, kunyeganyega, kuvura ubushyuhe nibikenewe, hanyuma gutunganya neza ibintu byingenzi biranga ibintu bimwe.
Ubu buryo bukomatanyije bukuraho umubare munini wo guterana amagambo no gutumanaho nabi. Umukanishi ntabwo akeka aho ubuso nyabwo buri kuri casting ikaze; bagize itsinda rimwe ryabigize. Ku kigo nka QSY (https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), iyi niyo isanzwe ikora. Porotype isohoka mu ruganda, iraswa iturika, yimukira mu iduka ryimashini. Bafite moderi yumwimerere ya CAD, kandi bazi ibintu biranga nkibikenewe kandi bigomba gutunganywa kuri spec. Uku gukomeza ni ntagereranywa mu gukomeza ubusugire bwa prototype no kwemeza ibisubizo by'ibizamini bifite ireme.
Kurangiza, prototype iba ishingiro ryibikorwa. Sisitemu yo gutambuka wemeje, gushyira riser washyizeho umwanzuro, igishushanyo mbonera wagerageje - ubwo bumenyi bwose bugaburira muburyo bwo gushushanya umusaruro. Icyiciro cyakozwe neza prototype yumucanga ntabwo itanga igice cyikizamini gusa; itanga inzira yerekana inzira. Irashobora guhungabanya igiciro kinini cyo gukoresha ibikoresho bizaza ubutaha. Ihindura ibitazwi byubushakashatsi bushya mubwinshi buzwi, cyangwa byibuze, mubitekerezo byinshi byize. Kandi muri ubu bucuruzi, gukeka byizewe ni itandukaniro hagati yo gutangiza neza no gutsindwa bihenze.
