Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'icyuma cyuma', bashushanya inkoni yoroshye, ikomeye. Mu myitozo, niho imyumvire ya mbere yibeshya iri. Ntabwo ari inkoni gusa. Nibintu bitwara imizigo, itumanaho-itumanaho, akenshi iringaniza ibice byananiranye bishobora guhagarika umurongo wose w'iteraniro. Nabonye imishinga myinshi ifata nkikintu cyibicuruzwa, biganisha ku gukora cyane. Ikibazo nyacyo ntabwo ari ugukora; ni mukugaragaza neza kuva mugitangira - ibintu, kwihanganira, kurangiza, hamwe nibintu bikunze kwirengagizwa kumpagarara zisigaye ziva mumashini.
Guhitamo Ibikoresho Birenze Icyiciro
Gutoranya ibyuma 4140 cyangwa 304 bitagira umwanda kuko biri kurutonde rusanzwe ni intangiriro, ariko ni naive. Ibidukikije bikora byose. Ndibuka umushinga wa pompe ya marine aho spec yambere yahamagaye bisanzwe 316 idafite umwanda icyuma. Yatsinze ibizamini byambere ariko birananirana mumurima mumezi. Ikibazo? Ntabwo ari ruswa muri rusange, ahubwo ni ruswa yangirika hamwe no guhangayika kwangirika kumuhanda munsi yikizunguruka cyamazi ya chlorine. Tugomba guhindukira kuri duplex idafite urwego rwiza hamwe na chloride nziza kandi tugahindura uburyo bwo gutunganya kugirango dutere impungenge zo hejuru. Ikiruhuko? Inomero ya alloy ni itike yo kwinjira gusa.
Aha niho abatanga igihe kirekire bafite uruganda nogukora munsi yinzu imwe berekana agaciro kabo. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka mirongo itatu mugukina no gutunganya, yumva iyi mikoranire. Ntabwo bakora imashini gusa; zirashobora gutangirira mugikonoshwa cyangwa gushora imari, zishobora kuba ingirakamaro kuri geometrike igoye hamwe na flanges cyangwa imyirondoro idasanzwe. Kugenzura urugendo rwibikoresho kuva mucyuma gishongeshejwe kugeza igice cyarangiye bigabanya ingaruka zihishe.
Kubireba-kwambara cyane, nko mubakangurambaga kubitutsi, twimukiye kure-gukomera. Ubuvuzi bwo hejuru nka induction ikomera kumurongo wibyuma bya karubone cyangwa no gukoresha icyogajuru (cobalt gishingiye kuri cobalt) cyasizwe hejuru yimyambarire iba ngombwa. Nisesengura-byunguka: bihenze cyane icyuma ibyo bimara imyaka itatu ugereranije nibihendutse bisimburwa buri mwaka. Igiciro cyose cya nyirubwite gake gishyigikira amahitamo ahendutse.
Imashini irangiza: Aho ibintu bihura nukuri
Igishushanyo gishobora guhamagarira 0.8 Ra hejuru yubuso. Kubigeraho ni ikintu kimwe; kubigeraho ubudahwema kubyara umusaruro wa shaft 500 nubundi. Shitani iri muburyo, kwambara ibikoresho, no gucunga neza. Indorerwamo irangira irashobora kugaragara neza, ariko kubiti bigenda byoroheje, ukeneye muburyo bumwe bwo guhuza amavuta kugirango ugumane amavuta. Biroroshye cyane, kandi ushobora guhungabana.
Ibi nabyize inzira igoye kumashini yihuta yo gupakira. Ibiti byari byiza cyane kugeza kuri 0.4 Ra. Bashyushye cyane kandi bafata mu cyumweru kimwe. Ikibazo nticyari agaciro ko kurangiza ubwacyo, ahubwo ni ukubura amavuta yo kwisiga asobanutse hamwe nicyerekezo cyubuso butari bwo. Twagombaga kongera gukora imashini zose, twongeraho inzira yihariye yo gutunganya. Noneho, buri gihe ntagaragaza gusa Ra, ariko kandi na Rz hamwe nuburyo bwo gushushanya (umuzenguruko, umurongo, cyangwa kwambukiranya) ku gishushanyo. Amaduka menshi yimashini rusange azabyirengagiza keretse ubishizemo.
Ibigo bitunganya CNC, nkibyo wasanga mubikoresho byabugenewe byihariye (urubuga rwabo kuri tsingtaocnc.com burambuye ubushobozi bwabo), nibyingenzi kubisubiramo. Ariko ubumenyi bwa porogaramu ni ingenzi. Uburyo bakurikirana ibikorwa-bikabije, kurangiza-kurangiza, kurangiza-bigira ingaruka kubushyuhe no guhagarara neza. Gukata kuremereye gusigaye kurangiza birashobora kugoreka igice nyuma yo kudafungurwa. Nubuhanzi bufifitse bwihishe nka siyanse.
Kuringaniza amategeko: Ntabwo ari kuri Turbine gusa
Buriwese azi ko shitingi ya turbine ikenera kuringaniza imbaraga. Ariko tuvuge iki ku rufunzo rwabafana rukora 3000 RPM? Cyangwa icyuma gitwara convoyeur gifite metero 3 z'uburebure? Gukenera kuringaniza ntibisuzugurwa cyane. Kuringaniza icyuma itera kunyeganyega, biganisha ku kunanirwa imburagihe, kwambara kashe, n urusaku. Kubintu byose bizunguruka hejuru ya 1000 RPM, ubu ndategetse kuringaniza ibipimo, kabone niyo byaba ari impagarike ihagaze kuri buhoro buhoro, rotor ikomeye.
Uburyo bufite akamaro. Mubisanzwe turagaragaza G2.5 impuzandengo yubuziranenge kumashini yinganda nyinshi. Ariko kubigeraho bisaba gutegura neza. Ukeneye uburinganire bwibintu (niyo mpamvu akamaro ko gutara neza cyangwa guhimbwa ubusa), gutunganya imashini, hamwe n’ahantu hagenewe kongera cyangwa gukuramo ibiro. Nabonye amaduka acukura umwobo utunguranye kugirango aringanize igiti, kibangamira cyane imbaraga zumunaniro. Inzira nziza ni ukugira amakariso cyangwa flanges zakozwe kuva mugitangira kugirango zipime uburemere.
Kumurongo muremure, woroshye, inkuru igenda irushaho kuba ingorabahizi. Irashobora kuba igororotse kandi iringaniye mugihe gikonje kandi gihamye, ariko munsi yuburemere bwacyo no kwaguka k'ubushyuhe ku muvuduko wo gukora, irashobora kugabanuka no gutera ubusumbane. Rimwe na rimwe, ntabwo uringaniza igiti wenyine, ariko inteko yose ya rotor. Ibi bisaba ubufatanye na mashini kugirango utange ibinyamakuru bingana kandi wumve uko inteko ikurikirana.
Ubworoherane nibikwiye: Ururimi rwinteko
Diameter ya shaft ya 50mm. Ibyo bivuze iki? Ntakintu kitihanganirwa. H7 ikwiranye nintebe yo gutwara, k6 kubikoresho byuma bikwiranye, f7 kubirindiro byikimenyetso. Kubona ibyo bibi ninzira yihuta yo kunanirwa guterana. Igihe kimwe nakiriye icyiciro cya shitingi aho ibinyamakuru bitwara byakorewe imashini yihanganira g6 aho kuba h7. Byari ukwihanganirana neza (gukomera), ariko bivuze ko ibyuma byari bimaze gukenerwa cyane, byabaye nkibidashoboka kuyishyiraho nta mashini ya hydraulic, ishobora kwangirika.
Ibindi bipimo byingenzi ni kwihanganira geometrike: kugororoka, silindrike, no kwibanda. Uruzitiro rushobora kugira diameter zose muburyo bwihariye ariko rufite 0.1mm yunamye hejuru yuburebure bwarwo. Ibi bizatera kwiruka, kunyeganyega, no kwambara kutaringaniye. Kuri shitingi zikomeye, ubu burigihe tugaragaza guhamagarwa kugororotse, akenshi hejuru ya 500mm. Kugenzura ibi bisaba V-guhagarika hamwe nicyerekezo cyerekana, ntabwo ari kaliperi gusa.
Ubu busobanuro niho serivisi zihuriweho zitanga umusaruro. Isosiyete ikora casting zombi hafi ya net-shusho hamwe no gutunganya CNC ya nyuma, nka QSY, ifite kugenzura neza ibi. Bashobora gukora imashini ikomeye ya datum hejuru kuri casting mbere, hanyuma bagakoresha ibyo gufata igice kubikorwa byakurikiyeho, bakemeza ko bahuriza hamwe nibisobanuro byukuri kuva bagitangira. Kugerageza kwizirika hejuru yubusa kugirango urangize gutunganya ni resept yo kudahuza.
Iyo Igiti kidakomeye: Imyenda idakomeye hamwe nimbere yimbere
Ntabwo ibiti byose ari ibibari bikomeye. Ibiti bitoboye ni ingenzi cyane mu kugabanya ibiro (mu kirere cyangwa mu modoka zikoresha amamodoka) cyangwa mu kuba umuyoboro w'amazi akonje, amazi ya hydraulic, cyangwa insinga. Ibi bitangiza urutonde rushya rwibibazo. Gukora uburebure bwimbitse, buto bwa diametre bore ifite ubugororangingo bukomeye hamwe nibisabwa kurangiza ni umurimo wihariye. Guhindura ibikoresho, kwimura chip, no gutanga ubukonje biba umutwe ukomeye.
Twashizeho umwobo icyuma Kuri Gusimburana Ubumwe Porogaramu. Imbere yimbere yari ikeneye 1.6 Ra kurangiza no kwibanda neza hamwe nibinyamakuru byo hanze. Abaduhaye isoko ya mbere bahanganye nibiganiro birambiranye, basiga birangiye. Igisubizo cyavuye mumashini watanze igitekerezo cyo gukoresha umurongo umwe urambiranye ufite geometrie yihariye hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi ukoresheje sisitemu yo gukonjesha kugirango ucike chip kandi ugabanye kunyeganyega. Cyakoze, ariko byari inzira yakozwe binyuze mubigeragezo no kwibeshya, ntabwo ari imikorere isanzwe.
Kubijyanye no gutunganya imbere imbere, inzira nko gucukura imbunda zikoreshwa. Nibikorwa bitinze, byuzuye. Uru nurugero rwiza rwaho ukeneye iduka rifite ibikoresho byabigenewe bikwiye hamwe no kwihangana guhamagara mubikorwa. Ntabwo ari amajwi menshi, yihuta-akazi. Urimo kwishyura ubuhanga nubushobozi, ntabwo ari igihe cyimashini gusa.
Ikintu Wibagiwe: Imyitozo isigaye hamwe nigihe kirekire
Ibi birashobora kuba ibintu byirengagijwe mubisanzwe icyuma inganda. Imashini, cyane cyane guhinduranya cyangwa gusya, itangiza imihangayiko isigaye murwego rwo hejuru. Izi mpagarara zirashobora kuruhuka mugihe, bigatuma igiti gitera gato. Kuri shitingi isanzwe, ntacyo bitwaye. Kubisobanuro byuzuye mubikoresho byimashini, birababaje.
Twari dufite icyiciro cyo gusya imashini izenguruka inyuze kuri cheque yambere ya QC. Nyuma yo kwicara mububiko bwamezi atandatu, hafi 30% muribo bagaragaje kwiruka gupimwa. Nyirabayazana? Imyitwarire isigaye yo gusya, ihujwe nibikoresho (ibyuma byigikoresho) bitagabanije guhangayika bihagije mbere yo gutunganya bwa nyuma. Icyakosowe kwari ugushyira mubikorwa ubushyuhe buke bwo gusaza (rimwe na rimwe bita gusaza artificiel) nyuma yo gusya kugirango byihute kugabanya imihangayiko mbere yubugenzuzi bwa nyuma.
Kugenzura ibi bisaba uburyo bwo gukora bwuzuye. Guhera hamwe nubushyuhe bukwiye buvurwa ubusa (annealed, bisanzwe, cyangwa kuzimya no gutwarwa) nintambwe ya mbere. Noneho, gutunganya bigomba gukorwa mubyiciro hamwe no kugabanya imihangayiko hagati y'ibice bikomeye. Serivise yuzuye itanga urunigi rwose - uhereye kumasoko meza, kugeza kuri casting / guhimba, kuvura ubushyuhe, no gutunganya imashini ya nyuma - ihagaze neza kugirango igenzure izo mpinduka. Ni itandukaniro riri hagati yo gukora igice gikora kumunsi cyakozwe nigice gikora neza mumyaka.
