Urumva igice cyuma gikozwe mucyuma kandi udutabo dushushanya ishusho yo gutungana: hafi-net-shusho-ibice, imiterere ya mehaniki ya fantastique, porosity nkeya. Ariko genda mumushinga wagerageje kubishyira mubikorwa, kandi inkuru iba akajagari. Ntabwo ari amasasu; ni inzira iba mu idirishya rito cyane ryo kugenzura, kandi kubyumva nabi bihenze. Amaduka menshi yibwira ko ari ubushyuhe gusa, ariko mubyukuri bijyanye na icyuma gikomeye slurry's thixotropic imyitwarire-iyo miterere idasanzwe aho itemba nkamazi munsi yintama ariko ikagira ishusho nkibikomeye iyo bihagaze. Nail ibyo, kandi ufite ikintu. Babuze, kandi urareba kuri bilet ihenze cyane.
Igitekerezo Cyibanze Aho Abantu Basitara
Ihame ryibanze ririganya byoroshye. Aho gusuka ibyuma byuzuye byamazi, ukorana nuruvange mumyanda, igice-gikomeye, mubisanzwe hafi 30-50% agace gakomeye. Iyi slurry noneho yatewe urupfu. Imyumvire mibi? Ko iyi ari casting gusa. Ntabwo aribyo. Gutegura guhubuka ni byose. Urashobora kujya munzira ya rheocasting, aho ukonjesha icyuma cyamazi muri zone-ikomeye mugihe ukangura, cyangwa thixocasting, aho utangirira kuri bilet idasanzwe yateguwe hanyuma ukayishyushya. Rheocasting isa nkaho itaziguye, ariko kugenzura gukonjesha no guhagarika umutima kugirango ubone imiterere imwe, nziza yisi yose muburyo bworoshye - ubwo ni ubuhanzi. Nabonye gushiraho aho imyigaragambyo yari ihagaritswe n'akantu gato, kandi igice cyavuyemo cyari gifite ibibanza bidakomeye udashobora no kubona kugeza bipimishije umunaniro.
Benshi bakeka ko aluminiyumu cyangwa magnesium alloy izakora. Ntabwo ari ukuri. Ibigize ibimera bigomba gushyigikira ishyirwaho rya alfa-Al icyiciro muri ako gace ka mushy. Ibisanzwe ni A356 na A357 aluminium, ariko nubwo bimeze bityo, ibintu bito bito bishobora guta morphologie. Twigeze kugira icyiciro cya A356 gifite ibyuma bitarimo ibintu bike. Ubukonje bwijimye bwari bubi, biganisha ku kuzuza ibice byuzuye. Metallurgie igomba kuba igaragara kuva itangira.
Noneho hari umutego wibikoresho. Ntabwo aribisanzwe bipfa gukina hamwe na tweak. Sisitemu yo kurasa hamwe na piston sisitemu ikeneye gukemura ibyo bintu bitagaragara, byangiza bitabanje kuzana imvururu zangiza imiterere. Amarembo n'abiruka byakozwe muburyo butandukanye - akenshi binini kandi byoroshye kugirango bikomeze laminari. Ndibuka umushinga aho twagerageje guhuza imashini ishaje ipfa. Igisubizo cyabaye kogosha cyane kumarembo, byangiza imiterere yisi twakoranye umwete kugirango tureme, duhindure umushyitsi usubire mu kajagari ka dendritic, intege nke. Iri ryari isomo ryimibare itandatu yo kudaca inguni.
Urubanza Rufatika: Guhuza Inkoni nintambara ya Porosity
Reka tuvuge kubyerekeye porogaramu nyayo: ikora cyane-yimodoka ihuza inkoni. Aha niho icyuma gikomeye bigomba kumurika-imbaraga nyinshi, ubwoba buke, ubuzima bwiza bwumunaniro. Twakoze kuri prototype ikora kubakiriya ba moteri. Icyari kigamijwe kwari ugusimbuza inkoni mpimbano icyuma cyoroshye, kora aluminiyumu utitanze kwizerwa.
Amafuti icumi ya mbere yari meza. Ibice byasohotse bifite matte, yoroshye, uburebure bwa metero 0.1mm. Ariko igihe twakoraga igenzura rya X-ray, twasanze rimwe na rimwe micro-porosity mu gace ka shank. Ntabwo ari gaze ya gaze, ahubwo igabanuka. Ikibazo? Ndetse no muri kimwe cya kabiri gikomeye, kugaburira ni ngombwa. Gukomera biragenzurwa cyane, ariko niba igipimo cyo gupfa ubushyuhe kidatunganijwe neza, uracyabona ibidendezi byitaruye bigabanuka. Tugomba kongeramo imiyoboro ikonjesha mugupfa hanyuma tugahindura ubushyuhe bwa 15 ° C gusa kugirango tuyobore imbere neza. Byari icyumweru cyo guhindura umunota, ibiti byo kurasa, na CT scan.
Iyi sano ihuza mugari: gukurikirana inzira. Mubisanzwe bisanzwe, ukurikirana ubushyuhe nigitutu. Hano, ukeneye amakuru kubyerekeranye n'ubucucike cyangwa agace gakomeye mugihe nyacyo, biragoye cyane kubipima kubutaka. Twarangije gukoresha proksi: umwirondoro wimbaraga kuri piston. Umurongo wihariye ufitanye isano nubwiza bwiza. Byari akazi kadatunganye, ariko byatumye akazi karangira. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwo gukemura ibibazo utigeze usoma mu mpapuro z'amasomo.
Imipaka ntarengwa hamwe nikibazo cya Alloy
Mugihe aluminium na magnesium byitabweho byose, tuvuge iki ku byuma cyangwa amavuta adasanzwe? Inzitizi za tekinike ziragwira. Ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya buri hejuru cyane, kandi kugenzura imiterere ya slurry ninzozi mbi. Nzi imishinga ya R&D kumyuma idafite umwanda, ariko ubucuruzi bushobora kubaho kure. Aha niho ubuhanga bwigihe kirekire bwo gutunganya no guterana buba ingirakamaro.
Fata isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Hamwe nimyaka irenga 30 mugushushanya no gushora imari, hiyongereyeho imashini ya CNC, babonye inzira zigenda. Gusura ikigo cyabo kuri tsingtaocnc.com, urabona imyumvire yihariye. Bakorana nicyuma, ibyuma, bitagira umwanda, hamwe naya mavuta adasanzwe nka cobalt na nikel. Kuri bo, gusimbukira muri kimwe cya kabiri gikomeye kuri ibi bikoresho byo hejuru-temp bisaba kongera ibikoresho-shingiro hamwe nabakiriya bafite ubushake bwo kwishyura amafaranga menshi. Ntibishoboka, ariko ikibazo cyubucuruzi kigomba kuba gikomeye-wenda kubintu byingenzi byo mu kirere aho uburemere n'imbaraga aribyo byingenzi, kandi ikiguzi ni icya kabiri.
Ibikorwa byabo byibanze-gushora imari, gushushanya ibishushanyo-bitanga ibintu bitangaje kandi birangirira hejuru kubyo bintu bikora cyane. Rimwe na rimwe, uburyo bwagerageje-nukuri nuburyo bukwiye. Gusunika inzira nshya nka kimwe cya kabiri gikomeye muri uwo mwanya ntabwo ari ikibazo cya tekiniki gusa; nibijyanye no gusobanukirwa urunigi rwose rw'agaciro, uhereye kubikoresho biva mu isoko kugeza nyuma yo guta ubushyuhe no gutunganya. Uburyo bwa QSY bukomatanyije kuva muri casting kugeza kuri CNC gutunganya ni inyungu nini yo guhuza igice, ariko byometse kubikorwa bamenyereye mumyaka mirongo.
Kubabara Umutwe: Kuva Gutera Kumashini
Iyi ni nini. Igice cya kabiri gikomeye ntabwo buri gihe igice cyarangiye. Akenshi ikenera gutunganywa. Kandi ibiranga imashini birashobora kuba bitandukanye. Ibikoresho ni byinshi, hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwisi, ariko kwambara ibikoresho birashobora kuba bitunguranye. Twabonye ko mugihe imashini rusange yateye imbere bitewe nubushake buke, imiterere ikomeye, imiterere imwe rimwe na rimwe yatumaga ibikoresho byangirika byangirika mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe, nko gucukura ibyobo byimbitse. Ntushobora gukoresha ibiryo bimwe n'umuvuduko nkibisanzwe bipfa.
Niyo mpamvu kugira imashini murugo, cyangwa mubufatanye bukomeye, ntibishoboka. Gusubiramo ibitekerezo bigomba kuba bigufi. Abakanishi bakeneye kubwira itsinda ryabakinnyi niba babona ibikoresho bidasanzwe byambaye cyangwa ibibazo byo kurangiza hejuru, bishobora guturuka kubitandukaniro rito muburyo bwo kwitegura uwo munsi. Nuku guhuza guhagaritse-nkibyo QSY yubatse-itanga uburyo bwiza bwo gukora neza. Ikipe ya casting ntabwo itera ibice kurukuta gusa.
Ndibuka ibikoresho bya gearbox twakoze. As-cast dimension stabilite yari nziza, ariko mugihe cyo guhangana, twabonye ikiganiro gito. Byaragaragaye ko bidahuye neza mu gice gikomeye (igice gipimwa) cyaremye itandukaniro rito. Gukosora byagarutse kumurongo ufashe, byemeza umurima wubushyuhe bumwe. Hatariho umukanishi ayimanika ako kanya, twaba twarabyanditse nkikibazo cyibikoresho kandi twabuze intandaro.
None, Ni ryari Byumvikana?
Nyuma yibi byose, ni icyuma gikomeye bikwiye? Ntabwo ari kuri byose. Igiciro cyo gushiraho ni kinini, idirishya ryibikorwa rirakomeye, kandi risaba urwego rwo kugenzura ibikorwa byinshi fondasiyo idafite ibikoresho. Nibintu bifite agaciro kanini, bigoye cyane ibice aho inyungu-kugabanya ibiro, imbaraga, no kugabanya ububiko bwimashini - bihindura mubikorwa cyangwa kuzigama ibiciro hasi.
Tekereza ibice byumutekano wibinyabiziga (knuckles, brackets), ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bihebuje, cyangwa ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo mu kirere. Kubijyanye nubunini bwinshi, ibicuruzwa, ibisanzwe byumuvuduko mwinshi bipfa gutara biracyari umwami. Kuri ultra-complexe ishusho muri superalloys, gushora imari birashobora kuba bidashoboka. Semi-ikomeye yicaye mucyicaro hagati yabo.
Ejo hazaza? Irambitse muburyo bwiza, buhendutse burigihe-burigihe bwo kugenzura no gukomera kwinshi. Ahari automatike na AI birashobora gufasha guhagarika idirishya ryibikorwa. Ariko kuri ubu, iracyari inzira yinzobere. Nigikoresho gikomeye mubisanduku, ariko ugomba kumenya neza igihe cyo kubigeraho, kandi ukeneye itsinda no kwihangana kugirango ubihamagare. Ntabwo ari ugusimbuza ubundi buryo; ni ukugira ubundi buryo bwo guhitamo mugihe ibintu bigoye. Kandi rimwe na rimwe, kwimuka kwubwenge ni ukumenya igihe utagomba kuyikoresha na gato, kandi ugakomeza inzira yemejwe itanga umukiriya, umunsi kumunsi.
