Urabizi, iyo abantu hanze yubucuruzi bumvise 'ifu ya metallurgie', akenshi bahita basimbukira kuri kanda - guhuza iyo fu nziza, yumye mubice bizwi 'icyatsi'. Nibyo bitagaragara. Ariko alchemy nyayo, aho ubugingo bwibintu byemejwe rwose, bibera mu itanura mugihe gucumura. Nijambo ryoroshye kubeshya kubikorwa byuzuye nuance. Wibeshye, kandi ntabwo ureba igice gusa; urimo kureba ibisigazwa byanyuze munzira zihenze gusa kunanirwa kurangiza, inzitizi yumuriro. Ntabwo ari 'gushyushya' gusa; ni imbyino igenzurwa yo gukwirakwiza, gushiraho ijosi, no kuzunguruka pore, byose bimanikwa ku micungire nyayo yigihe, ubushyuhe, nikirere.
Ikirere ntabwo ari gaze yinyuma gusa
Kera, nize ibi inzira igoye. Twari dufite icyiciro cya flanes nkeya-icyuma, kanda neza. Itanura ry'itanura ryashyizweho kuva kera. Ariko kugenzura ikirere byari bifite umunsi w'ikiruhuko - ihindagurika rito mu bigize gaze ya gaze ya endothermic, ahantu h'ikime gito kuruta icyiza. Igisubizo? Ubuso bwa decarburisation kumaso yikoreye imitwaro. Ibice byasaga neza, byanyuze muburyo busanzwe, ariko mugihe cyo gupima microhardness, berekanye uruhu rworoshye. Ubusa kubisabwa. Nibwo yakanze: ikirere cyicumura ntabwo ari ibidukikije byoroshye; ni uruhare rugaragara. Kubyuma, nibijyanye no kubungabunga ubushobozi bwa karubone. Kubidafite umwanda, nibijyanye no kwirinda chromium oxyde, bishobora gusobanura hydrogène yuzuye cyangwa vacuum ikora. Ndibuka ko nashakishije icyiciro cyihariye cya gaze kubitanga twizeraga, kandi itandukaniro mubice byanyuma bihoraho byari ijoro n'umurango.
Iyi sano mubikoresho dukunze gukora. Kuri QSY, hamwe namateka yacu mugushora imari no gutunganya amavuta adasanzwe nka nikel-ishingiye, imitekerereze irasa ariko irangizwa riratandukanye. Gukina bikorana nibyuma byashongeshejwe; ifu ya metallurgie sintering ikorana na leta ikomeye. Ariko ubumenyi bwibintu burarengana. Iyo umukiriya azanye icyifuzo cya cobalt-chromium ikenera kwihanganira kwambara cyane, tuzi muburambe bwa casting yacu uburyo ayo mavuta yunvikana mumateka yubushyuhe. Guhindura ibyo munzira ya PM bisobanura kumva ko ubushyuhe bwo gucumura kuri ayo mavuta atari ingingo imwe ahubwo ni idirishya rifunganye - rito cyane, n'ubucucike burababara; muremure cyane, kandi ushobora guhura nimbuto zikabije cyangwa se ibice byamazi bigoreka igice. Umwirondoro w'itanura uba ingirakamaro.
Ntushobora kuvuga ikirere udakora ku ziko. Nibimana kubikoresho bifatika. Twakoresheje ibigeragezo hamwe na 316L yamashanyarazi. Mu kirere cya hydrogène, urashobora kubona ibisubizo byiza, ariko gucumura vacuum? Yabyaye ibice bifite imipaka isukuye kandi irwanya ruswa, ingenzi kuri bimwe mubikoresho byo mu nyanja twabajijwe. Ikibi ni ikiguzi nigihe cyigihe. Nisuzuma rihoraho ryubucuruzi: inyungu zunguka zerekana igiciro cyumusaruro? Nibyo kubara-kwisi dukora buri munsi, ntabwo ari ikibazo cyigitabo gusa.
Ubushyuhe nigihe: Ni Umwirondoro, Ntabwo Gushiraho
Undi mutego rusange ni gufata ubushyuhe bwumubare nkumubare umwe washyizeho kandi ufashe. Mubyukuri, igipimo cyo kuzamuka, ibihe byo gushiramo ubushyuhe buringaniye (nko kubitwika gutwikwa mu bice byatewe inshinge), kandi igipimo cyo gukonjesha byose bigize 'umwirondoro'. Ndibuka umushinga wibikoresho bigoye aho twahuye no gucika mugihe cyo gukonja. Nyirabayazana? Byihuse cyane ubukonje buturutse kubushyuhe bukabije. Imashanyarazi yumuriro yateje impagarara ko microstructure idashobora gukomera. Tugomba guhindura gahunda yitanura kugirango dushyiremo akarere gahoro gahoro. Yongeyeho amasaha kuri cycle ariko ikiza icyiciro cyose.
Aha niho hafatika ibyiyumvo bifatika. Ibitabo biguha igishushanyo cyicyiciro hamwe nuburinganire bwimikorere. Ariko hasi yububiko, urimo kureba ibimenyetso. Ibara ryibice bisohoka, amajwi bakora iyo bakubiswe byoroheje (urusaku rwijimye nimpeta yoroheje), ndetse nuburyo bicara kumurongo wacumuye - urupapuro rwintambara nimpano ipfuye yubushyuhe butaringaniye cyangwa inkunga idahwitse mugihe cyizuba cyumuriro. Nibigenzurwa byujuje ubuziranenge, byubahirijwe mugihe, bifata ibibazo mbere yuko CMM cyangwa ibizamini bya tensile bikora.
Guhuza ibi inyuma kubushobozi bwacu bwahujwe kuri Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), intambwe yo gucumura ntabwo ari ikirwa. Igice gishobora kuva mu itanura kuri 95% yubucucike. Kuri porogaramu nyinshi, nibyiza. Ariko kumubiri wa hydraulic valve ukenera gukenera byimazeyo, birashobora gukenera ikindi gikorwa nka resin. Cyangwa, irashobora guhita yerekeza muri selile yacu yo gutunganya CNC kugirango irangize ibipimo bikomeye - gucukura umwobo utomoye, urudodo, kurema ibimenyetso bifatika. Kuba dukoresha uburyo bwo gucumura hamwe no gukurikiraho gukurikira munsi yinzu imwe bivuze ko twumva uburyo microstructure yacumuye yitwara mugihe cyo gutema. Igice cyacumuye nabi kirashobora kwangiza no guhekenya ibikoresho; imashini nziza-imwe imwe neza. Ibyo bitekerezo bisubirwamo hagati yububiko bwitanura nikigo gikora imashini ni ntagereranywa.
Umurage w'icyatsi kibisi
Ibintu byose mugucumura byateganijwe na leta yicyatsi kibisi. Ubucucike buringaniye bwo gukanda, inenge iyo ari yo yose yo kumurika, uburinganire bwogukwirakwiza ifu - ibi ntibikira mu itanura; barongerwa. Ubucucike buke burashobora gutuma habaho kugabanuka gutandukanye, guhindura inenge ntoya gukanda muburyo bukomeye bwo kwangwa nyuma yicyaha. Twigeze kugira ibibazo hamwe na pin ndende. Bakomeje gusohoka bunamye. Nyuma yo kwirukana umwirondoro w'itanura, amaherezo twarebye inyuma kubikoresho. Guhuza gato mu binyamakuru byateraga ifu yuzuye kandi, bityo, icyatsi kibisi. Kosora imashini, ukosore igice cyacumuye. Isomo: gucumura akenshi bishinja ibibazo byavutse kare murwego rwibikorwa.
Ibi ni ukuri cyane kumiterere igoye. Mu gushora imari, aribwo QSY ubundi bushobozi bwibanze, ifumbire isobanura imiterere. Muri PM, urupfu rusobanura mu ntangiriro, ariko rero igice kigabanuka mugihe cyo gucumura - kandi ntabwo buri gihe kigabanuka. Gutegura ibikoresho bisaba guteganya kugabanuka kwa anisotropique, biva mubyerekezo byerekezo no kugana ibice. Nubuhanzi bufatika nkubumenyi. Dufite amasomero yibintu bigabanuka kubikoresho bitandukanye hamwe na geometrie igice, yubatswe mumyaka, iyobora igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho. Ntushobora kubona iyo mibare nyayo mubitabo.
Iyo Ibintu Bigenda Byibeshya
Kunanirwa kw'ibiza-gushonga, kugoreka bikabije - biragaragara. Amayeri ni inenge zoroshye. Gushonga bidahwitse kumupaka wintete kuko wasunitse cyane hafi yumurongo wa solidus. Kurenza urugero biganisha kubyimba, aho imyenge ifunze yabyimbye gaze yafashwe. Cyangwa munsi-gucumura, gusiga igice n'imbaraga zidahagije, inenge ishobora kugaragara gusa mugupima umunaniro nyuma yo koherezwa. Nditonda cyane hamwe na alloys. Igikorwa cacu hamwe nudusimba twihariye mugukina biduha kubaha ubuzima bwiza kubice byabo bihamye. Gushyira mu bikorwa PM, gucumura nikel ishingiye kuri superalloy ntabwo ari ukugera kubucucike gusa; nijyanye no kumenya neza imiterere ya gamma yibanze mugihe cyo gukonja, itegeka imikorere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ibyo bisaba kuvura cyane ubushyuhe bwa nyuma ya sinter, akenshi byinjizwa muburyo bukonje bwitanura ubwaryo.
Kugenzura ubuziranenge nyuma yicyaha ntabwo ari igenzura gusa. Ni metallography. Gukata igice kuri buri mutwaro w'itanura, gushiraho, gusya, no kurigata kugirango urebe imiterere ya pore nubunini bwingano. Ese imyenge irazengurutse kandi yitaruye (nziza) cyangwa irahujwe (mbi)? Imiterere yingano yaba yarakuze cyane? Isesengura ryamaboko ntirishobora kuganirwaho. Ni ikarita yanyuma ya raporo kubikorwa byo gucumura. Rimwe na rimwe, urabona ikintu kitari cyitezwe - nka oxyde ituruka ku ifu yanduye - kandi iperereza rigomba gusubira inyuma na mbere yo gukanda.
Gucumura nk'irembo ry'agaciro
Ubwanyuma, muburyo bwo guhatana, inzira yo gucumura ni irembo rikuru ryo kongerera agaciro-cyangwa kubitakaza. Urashobora kugira ifu yuzuye, gukanda neza, ariko gucumura buciriritse, ukarangiza nibicuruzwa bito. Ku rundi ruhande, kumenya gucumura birashobora gukingura ubushobozi bwuzuye bwibikoresho, bikagufasha gutanga imitungo irwanya ibyakozwe cyangwa ibikoresho, ariko hamwe nibyiza byubukungu bwa PM. Kuri sosiyete nka QSY, ikora casting, gutunganya, kandi ikorana nibikorwa bya PM, icyerekezo ni cyuzuye. Turabona gucumura atari intambwe yubushyuhe yonyine, ahubwo nkibikorwa bya microstructural ibyaremwe muburyo bwa PM. Niho ibice by'ifu bihagarika kuba abantu kandi bigahinduka ibikoresho byubaka. Kubyumva neza nibyo bitandukanya ibice bibaho gusa nibice bikora neza mumurima. Kandi ibyo, amaherezo, nibyo gukora.
