Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'gushora ibyuma bishora ibyuma', bashushanya ikintu kitagira inenge, imiterere-neti ivuye mubibumbano, biteguye kugenda. Iyo ni verisiyo y'agatabo. Ukuri, uwo wiga nyuma yimyaka mike hamwe na bine zishaje, ni uko ari imbyino yo kumvikana. Ntabwo ari ugushonga ibyuma gusa no kubisuka mubikonoshwa. Nibijyanye no gucunga icyuho kiri hagati yubucucike bwuburyo bwa moderi ya CAD hamwe nukuri kwumubiri wo gukomera ibyuma - kugabanuka, kugoreka, gushiramo. Abashya benshi, ndetse nabaguzi bamwe, batekereza ko ari inzira yubumaji kubintu byose bigoye. Ntabwo aribyo. Nigikoresho gikomeye, ariko gusa niba wumva ururimi rwacyo.
Ibishushanyo Byibanze: Nka-Kurangiza
Reka tubone ibi neza. Ijambo nkabakinnyi barangije gushora ibyuma ni hafi kwibeshya niba utekereza hejuru yimashini. Ibyo ubona nubuso bwiza bushoboka buturutse kumurongo wubutaka, nibyiza cyane ugereranije no guta umucanga, ariko biracyari hejuru yubutaka. Kumubiri wa hydraulic valve, birashobora kuba byiza kubice bidashyizweho ikimenyetso. Kuri aerofoil ya turbine, ni ngombwa. Agaciro Ra gashobora kugaragara neza kumpapuro, ariko satani ari muburyo bwaho-micro-porosity, ingaruka nkeya ya orange iturutse kumurongo wa ceramic. Nabonye imishinga ihagaze kubera ko itsinda ryabashushanyaga ryerekanye as-cast ya Ra ya 3,2 mm mugice cyose, ntamenye ko imfuruka zimbere hamwe na undercuts bisanzwe bigenda bikomera. Ugomba gushushanya ufite inzira mubitekerezo, ntugahatire inzira guhuza nibyiza.
Aha niho ubufatanye na fondasiyo buhinduka injeniyeri, ntabwo ari amasoko gusa. Amaduka nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka mirongo itatu muri shell na gushora imari, azakubwira ibi ako kanya. Babonye byose. Agaciro kabo ntabwo mugukora igikonoshwa gusa; ni mugusubiramo igishushanyo cyawe ukerekana, Reba uru rukuta ruto rwegeranye nigituba kinini? Aho ni ahantu hashyushye. Bizashushanya cyangwa bitera igabanuka ryimyanya mumitsi. Reka twongere riser hano, cyangwa byiza kurushaho, dushobora guhindura geometrie gato? Icyo kiganiro gikiza ibyumweru byo gusesengura kunanirwa nyuma.
Igikorwa cyo kubaka igikonoshwa ubwacyo ni intoki. Ibanze ryibanze ryibiza, umucanga stucco, inziga zumye - buri cyiciro ni amahirwe yo kumenyekanisha itandukaniro. Umunsi utose muri Qingdao urashobora gutinda gukama, bikagira ingaruka kumpera yanyuma. Uruganda rwiza rugenzura ibi, ariko ntabwo bigikora gukora buto. Iyo usuye ikigo ukabona umurongo wumye, buri kimwe gifite uduce twibishishwa byera bisa nkamagi adasanzwe, uba ureba umutima wibikorwa. Ibisobanuro byubatswe kurwego rwukuri.
Guhitamo Ibikoresho: Ntabwo Byuma Byuma
Kugaragaza ibyuma bya karubone ni nko kugenda muri resitora ugasaba ibiryo. Ntaco bivuze. Turimo kuvuga kuri karubone nkeya 1020 kumurongo woroshye? Cyangwa 4340 kubintu bikomeye-byogukoresha ibikoresho byo kugwa? Amavuta ategeka ibintu byose: gusuka ubushyuhe, gutembera, kugabanuka, gusubiza ubushyuhe, hamwe nubukanishi bwa nyuma.
Aka ni akandi gace aho uburambe butsindira ibitekerezo. Kubice birwanya ruswa, 304 cyangwa 316 bitagira umwanda nibisanzwe bibaza. Ariko 316 ifite amazi meza kuruta 304, bishobora gusobanura kubyara neza. Ariko, niba igice gisaba gutunganywa gukomeye nyuma yo guterwa, igipimo cyo gukomera kumurimo wa 316 kirashobora kuba inzozi kububiko bwimashini. Rimwe na rimwe, guhitamo urwego rushimishije nka 303, nubwo rufite imbaraga nke zo kurwanya ruswa, nuburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo urwego. Uburambe bwa QSY hamwe na stainless kandi idasanzwe ivanze nka nikel ibaha isomero ryubushishozi bufatika. Ntabwo basuka ibyuma gusa; barateganya urwego rwose rwo gukora.
Noneho haribisabwa rwose gusaba-ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kwambara cyane. Aho niho hinjira cobalt na nikel superalloys gushora imari inzira niyo nzira yonyine yo gukora ibyo bikoresho bidashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bugoye. Ariko ikiguzi ntabwo kiri mubikoresho fatizo gusa, nubumenyi bwikirere. Ari kugenzura inzira. Iyi mavuta yumvikanisha ubushyuhe bwumuriro; ubushyuhe bwimbere yubushyuhe bwigikonoshwa mbere yo gusuka buba ikintu gikomeye, akenshi gipimwa kandi kigenzurwa kugeza kuri dogere nkeya. Kwibeshya hano ntibisobanura gusa igice gifite inenge; irashobora gusobanura igikonjo cyacitse hamwe no kumeneka bihenze bya superalloy.
Amaboko: Gutera imashini ya CNC
Ngiyo gukora-cyangwa-gucamo akarere benshi bashingiraho baharanira. Gutera neza ntacyo bimaze niba iduka ryimashini ridashobora kugifata neza kugirango risya datum mumaso. Ingingo nini yo guterana amagambo ni nkamafaranga yatanzwe. Shyira cyane, kandi urimo guta igihe cyo gutunganya hamwe nubuzima bwibikoresho muguhisha ibintu birenze. Shyiramo bike cyane, kandi urukuta ruto rwo kwihanganira urukuta rusobanura ko uwatemye adashobora kweza hejuru, bikavamo igice gisakaye.
Ibikorwa bihuriweho bifite inyungu nini hano. Niyo mpamvu icyitegererezo cya QSY, gihuza casting hamwe na CNC yabo bwite, ikora neza. Itsinda ryabo ryimashini rikorana nubushakashatsi bwabo. Bashyiraho ibitekerezo. Abakanishi babwira ibishingwe, Turahora dusanga iyi flange ifite uburebure bwa 0.5mm kuruhande rumwe, itera kunyeganyega murwego rwacu. Uruganda rushobora noneho guhindura ibishashara cyangwa icyerekezo cyo gukosora. Ubu bufatanye bwimbere bukuraho umukino wamakosa hagati yabacuruzi batandukanye kandi ugahuza ibyifuzo kubice byiza byanyuma.
Ndibuka umushinga wo gutwara pompe muri duplex idafite ibyuma. Gukina byari byiza, ariko bore ikomeye kuri shaft yari ikeneye kwihanganira itangazamakuru. Ikibazo cyari ugukomeza kuzenguruka nyuma yo guhangayikishwa no gukora. Kuberako QSY yakemuye ibyiciro byombi, bakoze urutonde: imashini ikaze, kugabanya imihangayiko, hanyuma kurangiza imashini. Uruhande rwashingiweho rwahinduye uburyo bwo gukonjesha nyuma yo kunyeganyezwa kugirango ugabanye imihangayiko yambere. Ubu bwoko bwa co-injeniyeri ntibishoboka mugihe cyo gutara no gutunganya bigabanijwe. Igice ntabwo cyakozwe gusa; byakozwe.
Kwinjira no kugaburira: Geometrie itagaragara
Niba igice cyanyuma aricyo gishushanyo, sisitemu ya gating na riser ni scafolding. Kandi ni ngombwa. Irembo ryateguwe nabi rishobora kwinjiza imvururu, umwuka uhumeka hamwe na okiside mubice. Impanuka idasimbuwe ni nto cyane izananirwa kugaburira ibyuma byamazi igice kigabanuka, bigatera imbere kugabanuka kwimbere. Iyi porosity irashobora kuboneka gusa mugihe cyo kugenzura X-ray, cyangwa, ikibi, kunanirwa muri serivisi.
Porogaramu yo kwigana igezweho ifasha, ariko ntabwo ari umupira wo gutegera. Iraguha ikarita yerekana ubushyuhe bwa gradient. Uracyakeneye injeniyeri kugirango abisobanure kandi uhitemo iboneza rya gating. Uru ni uruvange rwa siyanse n'ubuhanzi. Rimwe na rimwe, uburyo bwiza bwo kwinjirira amajwi butera inzozi zo guca no gusya nyuma. Ugomba kuringaniza metallurgical soundness hamwe nigiciro cya kabiri cyibikorwa. Nashyigikiye igishushanyo gihenze, amarembo menshi kuko yatangaga ubuziranenge mubice bikomeye byumutekano. Igiciro cyari kinini cyo gutangira imirimo, ariko cyabujije ko hashobora kwibukwa umurima. Ukwo ni umuhamagaro w'urubanza.
Kubice bito, binini cyane, nkibigize amenyo cyangwa imitako, bakunze gukoresha igiti, hamwe nibice byinshi bifatanye kumasoko yo hagati. Kubikoresho binini byubwubatsi, nkimibiri ya valve cyangwa inzu ya turbine, buri gice gishobora kugira sisitemu yacyo yihariye. Guhitamo bigira ingaruka kumusaruro, gutegura itanura, nigiciro rusange. Ubuhanga bw'uruganda rugaragarira muburyo bwo gukora neza - kongera umusaruro wibice byiza kuri pound yicyuma cyasutswe.
Kunanirwa nk'Umwarimu
Ntabwo wize rwose gushora ibyuma kugeza igihe wagize ikibazo gikomeye cyo gutandukana. Kera mugihe cyanjye, twari dufite igice cyicyuma giciriritse cyicyuma cyakomeje gucika mugihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe. Abakinnyi batsindiye igenzura ryerekana amashusho. Ibicuruzwa byari byiza. Ikibazo cyari icyuma kitari icyuma-uduce duto twa ceramic duhereye ku gishishwa cyinjiye mu cyuma. Ibyo byinjizamo byakoraga nkibibazo byibanda. Munsi yubushyuhe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe, batangije ibice.
Intandaro? Byari bihujwe. Igikonoshwa cyibikoresho byo kwagura ubushyuhe byari bidahuye gato nicyiciro cyihariye cyicyuma, gitera gutemba kworoheje. Kandi umuvuduko wo gusuka wari tad muremure cyane, utera imivurungano ishobora gutandukanya ibice. Gukosora ntabwo byari ikintu kimwe. Twahinduye ifu itandukanye yo kuvunika muburyo bwambere kuri iyo mavuta kandi duhugura itsinda ryisuka kumasuka gahoro, menshi ya laminari. Cyakoze. Ntushobora kubona igisubizo mubitabo; urayisanga hasi, ureba hejuru yamenetse munsi ya microscope.
Niyo mpamvu kuramba muri ibi bibazo byubucuruzi. Isosiyete ikora imyaka irenga 30, nkiyiri inyuma ya https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, ifite kwibuka byimbitse, mubigo byubu buryo bwo kunanirwa. Birashoboka ko bahuye nibibazo byakemuwe utigeze utekereza. Ubwo bumenyi bwinjijwe mumpapuro zabo hamwe nubutekinisiye bwabo. Iyo batanze igitekerezo gito cyo guhindura igishushanyo cyawe cyangwa uburyo bwabo busanzwe, mubisanzwe ni ukubera ko byatwitse mbere. Iyo nama ikwiriye uburemere bwayo mubyuma.
Kureba imbere: Ntabwo ari inzira yumurage gusa
Bamwe babona gushora imari nkishuri rya kera, tekinoroji ikuze. Ntabwo bihagaze neza. Kwishyira hamwe hamwe no gucapa 3D ni umukino ugaragara. Ibishashara byacapwe cyangwa ibishushanyo bisibanganya gukuraho ibikoresho bikomeye bya prototypes cyangwa amajwi make. Ibi bituma habaho igishushanyo mbonera ku muvuduko utatekerejwe mu myaka 20 ishize. Ariko imipaka nyayo iri mubikoresho hamwe na Hybrid.
Turimo kubona byinshi bikenewe kubikorwa byateganijwe, aho imitungo ihinduka mugice. Ibi biracyari byinshi muri R&D, ariko byerekana icyerekezo. Byongeye kandi, umurongo uri hagati yo gukina no kongeramo ibintu urimo urujijo. Ese igice cyacapishijwe icyuma cyahise gishyuha-isostatike kanda (HIP'd) gitandukanye cyane nigice cyakinwe? Ibyuma bitangira guhurira.
Kuri ubu, no ku gihe kizaza, gushora ibyuma ikomeza kuba uburyo buhenze cyane bwo gukora ibicuruzwa biva hagati-kugeza hejuru cyane yibintu bigoye, byuzuye-byuzuye. Imbaraga zayo ntabwo ari muburyo bwa tekinoroji, ahubwo ni muburyo bwumvikana, bwizewe, kandi buhuza n'imiterere. Icyangombwa nuguhuza nayo ntabwo ari serivisi yibicuruzwa, ahubwo ni disipuline yihariye yubuhanga. Shakisha abafatanyabikorwa bavuga urwo rurimi, babona igice kitari igishushanyo gusa, ariko nk'ikintu gifatika kigomba gukora kwisi. Aho niho hashyirwa agaciro nyako.
