Iyo wunvise 'ubwoko bwo gucumura,' ibitabo byinshi bisimbuka neza kuri classique ikomeye-imiterere na fluid-icyiciro cyo gutandukanya. Nibyiza mubitekerezo, ariko hasi yububiko, guhitamo binini byunvikana nkaho ari ubusa. Icyemezo nyacyo kirimo akajagari, gitwarwa nifu ya aliyumu wafatanye nigitondo, igice cya geometrie inganda zateye hejuru kurukuta, hamwe nigitutu gihoraho kiva kumusaruro kugirango kigere ku ntego zubucucike udakoresheje ingengo yimari yingufu. Nabonye abangavu benshi bakosora gutoranya ubwoko 'iburyo' mubishushanyo, gusa kugirango itanura rivuge inkuru itandukanye. Reka tuganire kubyabaye mubyukuri urugi rw'itanura rufunze.
Icyaha gikomeye-cya Leta: Ifarashi Yakazi hamwe na Quirks Yihishe
Nibisanzwe, ibyingenzi. Urimo guhuza ifu iri munsi yo gushonga yibice byingenzi, wishingikirije kuri atome ikwirakwizwa. Kubintu byinshi bigize ferrous kuri QSY, cyane cyane ibice byubatswe byoroshye biva mubyuma cyangwa ifu yicyuma gito, aha niho duhera. Inzira isa nkiyoroshye - kuzamuka, gufata, gukonja. Ariko satani muburyo burambuye, cyane cyane kugenzura ikirere. Fata akantu gato mu itanura rya vacuum cyangwa hiccup muri hydrogène / azote ivanze, kandi ntureba gusa okiside yo hejuru. Urimo uhindura ikwirakwizwa rya kinetics mukarere ka ijosi hagati yutugingo, biganisha kumurongo udakomeye nigice kizananirwa gukora. Ibi twabyize inzira igoye mumyaka yashize kumurongo wibikoresho; ubucucike bwacumuye bwasaga neza kuri raporo, ariko baraganiriye kandi baravunika mugihe cyo kwishimisha. Nyirabayazana? Ikirere cya okiside gike cyakoze firime yoroheje, yoroheje ya okiside kumupaka wingano, itagaragara kubigenzurwa bisanzwe.
Igipimo cyo gushyushya nikindi gihinduka cyicecekeye. Imirongo yigitabo iroroshye. Mubyukuri, niba wihuta cyane hamwe nuburyo bumwe bufatanye, urashobora gutera imihangayiko yimbere itera kugabanuka gutandukanye cyangwa no kurwana. Ntabwo ari ukugera gusa kubushyuhe; bijyanye nuburyo ugerayo. Kubishusho bigoye dukora imashini nyuma yo gucumura, nka bimwe mubikoresho byuma bidafite ibyuma dukora, ibyuma bigenzurwa, ibyiciro byinshi ntibishobora kuganirwaho kugirango tugumane umutekano mubikorwa bya CNC bizakurikiraho.
Ntitwibagirwe ifu ubwayo. Kwiyumvisha ko 'byera' bikomeye-gucumura bigenda bihindagurika hamwe nifu yabanjirije. Ndetse hamwe nibintu nka nikel cyangwa umuringa muri puderi yicyuma, urashobora kubona ibyiciro byigihe gito byamazi mugihe habaye ubushyuhe. Noneho, ugamije intego-ikomeye, ariko ugomba kumenya ko ushobora gukinisha ikindi kintu. Aka gace kijimye gatandukanya resept ninzira ikomeye.
Amazi yo Kuringaniza Icyiciro: Aho Ibintu Bishimishije (na Sticky)
Noneho aha niho utangiriye cyane kumenyekanisha hasi-gushonga-ingingo. Urugero rwiza ni ukongera umuringa ku cyuma. Igitekerezo ni cyiza: imiterere y'amazi, ihanagura ibinyampeke bikomeye, kandi binyuze mubikorwa bya capillary hamwe nigisubizo-reprecipitation, ubona densification yihuse. Ukuri kumurongo wibikorwa ni intambara ihoraho yo kurwanya uburemere nigihe - gusinzira. Niba agace k'amazi ari hejuru cyane cyangwa ubukonje buri hasi cyane, igice cyawe ukandagiye neza kirashobora kugabanuka cyangwa gutakaza imiterere yacyo mu itanura. Ndibuka umushinga wubucucike buri hejuru aho twasunikaga umuringa. Twabonye ubucucike, neza, ariko igice cyasohotse gisa na buji ibabaje, yashonze. Tugomba guhamagara inyuma, tukemera gato gato ubucucike bwambere bwo gukanda, kandi tugakoresha umwirondoro wuzuye wo gucumura kugirango tugenzure icyiciro cyamazi.
Inguni yo guhanagura ni byose. Niba amazi adatose ingano zikomeye, irikubita imbere mu byobo aho gukwirakwira ku mbibi z’ingano. Urangiza ufite akato, ibinini binini n'imbaraga nke. Ntabwo aribikoresho bya siyansi gusa; bigira ingaruka kuri oxyde yo hejuru, umwanda muto, nikirere cyitanura. Kubisanzwe bidasanzwe dukorana, nka bimwe bishingiye kuri nikel, guhitamo imfashanyo ikwiye yo gucumura nubuhanzi bwihariye. Ntabwo ari ugukurikiza igitabo nigitabo kijyanye no kwipimisha, akenshi kubufatanye nabatanga ifu.
Noneho hariho microstructure. Hamwe no gucamo ibice byamazi, akenshi usigara ufite imiterere-ibinyampeke bikikijwe nicyiciro gitandukanye. Ibi birashobora kuba byiza kwambara birwanya cyangwa ibintu byihariye bya magnetique, ariko bihindura kuburyo bugaragara uburyo imashini zigice. Iyo CNC igabana kuri Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ibona igice-cyamazi cyacumuye igice, ibipimo byo gutunganya (umuvuduko, ibiryo, urwego rwibikoresho) bikenera isubiramo ryuzuye ugereranije nigice gikomeye-cyacumuye igice kimwe cyibikoresho fatizo. Gukomera ntabwo ari kimwe, kandi ibikoresho byo kwambara ntibiteganijwe niba ubifata nkigice kimwe.
Guhindura igitutu-Gucumura: Guhindura Umukino
Rimwe na rimwe, gucumura bisanzwe ntibizakugerayo, cyane cyane kubucucike bwuzuye cyangwa hamwe nibikoresho byoroshye nkibyuma byangiritse cyangwa ububumbyi runaka. Aho niho uzana imbunda nini: igitutu. Gukanda Bishyushye (HP) hamwe na Isostatic Pressing (HIP) biri muri shampiyona itandukanye. Ntabwo dukoresha ibi kubice byinshi, bidahenze-igihe cyigihe nigiciro cyibikoresho birabujijwe. Ariko kuri prototype imwe cyangwa ikintu gikomeye muburyo budasanzwe, nka kobalt ishingiye kuri kobalt kashe kubidukikije bikabije, HIP irokora ubuzima.
Gukanda Isostatike Ashyushye birashimishije. Ushyira igice cyicyatsi mubifunze bifunze, ukabimura, hanyuma ukabishyira mubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe numuvuduko wa gazi ya isostatike (argon, mubisanzwe). Umuvuduko usenyuka imyenge yimbere kuva impande zose, biganisha hafi-yubucucike. Ifatwa? Igikoresho cyo gufata ni uburyo bwubuhanzi. Kumeneka kwose, na gaze irinjira, yangiza igice. Kandi impinduka zingana zirahanurwa cyane ariko ntabwo buri gihe ari ntoya kugirango yishyure mubikoresho byambere. Twifashishije HIP mugushira ibice bigoye gushora imari-nayo, itandukanya umurongo hagati ya gakondo ya casting na powder metallurgie.
Imipaka ifatika, irenze ikiguzi, nubunini bwigice. Isanzure yawe isobanurwa na diameter n'uburebure bw'ubwato bwawe bwa HIP. Kubice binini, wasubiye kurugamba hamwe no gucumura bisanzwe hamwe no gutandukana kwayo. Nigikoresho, gikomeye cyane, ariko ntabwo ari igisubizo rusange.
Spark Plasma Sintering hamwe nandi mayeri afashwa
Nibintu byimbibi, akenshi bigarukira muri laboratoire ya R&D cyangwa umusaruro mwiza cyane. Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) cyangwa Tekinike-Ifashwa na Sinteur (FAST) ikoresha pulsed direct current and uniaxial pressure. Igurishwa rinini ni umuvuduko - ubushyuhe bwihuse budasanzwe nigihe gito cyo gutura, gishobora guhagarika gukura kwimbuto. Nibyiza kuri nanomaterial cyangwa kubika ifu idasanzwe.
Ariko ukurikije umusaruro, biroroshye. Kwipimisha ni inzitizi nyamukuru. Gukora imiterere nini, igoye hamwe na SPS nikibazo turacyareba kuruhande. Ikindi kibazo nuko ukwezi kwihuta cyane gushobora rimwe na rimwe gusiga imihangayiko isigaye cyangwa gukora gradients zingana niba igishushanyo mbonera cyinzira n'inzira zigezweho bidatunganye. Kubisosiyete nka QSY, hibandwa mugutanga ibikoresho byizewe kandi bikozwe neza, dukurikiranira hafi iterambere. Birashobora kuba ingirakamaro kumushinga uzaza urimo ifu yivanze, ariko kuri ubu, iracyari igikoresho cyihariye. Icyangombwa cyingenzi ni uko 'ubwoko' bwo gucumura atari uguhitamo gusa; ni imbogamizi isobanurwa nibikoresho ufite kandi nubunini bwubukungu.
Ikintu Cyirengagijwe: Gucumura nkigice cyumunyururu, ntabwo ari ikirwa
Iyi ishobora kuba ari ingingo ikomeye cyane kuva mu myaka 30 muri ubu bucuruzi. Ntushobora gutandukanya intambwe yo gucumura. Intsinzi cyangwa gutsindwa bigenwa nibiza mbere na nyuma. Ibiranga ifu (gukwirakwiza ingano, morphologie, lubricant) yashyizeho urwego. Uburyo bwo guhuzagurika (uniaxial, isostatike, icyuma gitera inshinge) gisobanura ubucucike bwicyatsi nicyatsi cya pore gucumura bigomba gukorana.
Kandi icy'ingenzi, ni iki kiza nyuma? Niba igice kijya kuri serivisi, gucumura bigomba gutanga ibintu byanyuma. Ariko kuri QSY, ibyinshi mubice byacu bitunganyirizwa ifu bikora CNC ikomeye. Igice cyacumuye nabi gishobora kuba cyihishe munsi yubutaka cyangwa gukomera kudahuye, bizatera ibikoresho kumeneka, kurangiza nabi, hamwe nibice byakuweho mugihe cyo gutunganya - guta agaciro kongerewe kugeza kuri iyo ngingo. Umwirondoro wo gucumura ugomba gutezwa imbere ufite imashini. Rimwe na rimwe, nibyiza gucumura mubucucike buke buke buringaniye cyane, kuyikora, hanyuma ukoreshe igikorwa cya kabiri nkubushyuhe buke bwa anneal cyangwa ndetse nubuvuzi bwo hejuru kugirango ukubite ibintu byanyuma.
Hanyuma, itanura ubwaryo ni sisitemu nzima. Umurongo wangiritse utesha agaciro igihe, bigira ingaruka kumuriro. Ibikoresho byo gushyushya imyaka. Thermocouples drift. Ubwoko 'gucumura' ntabwo ari ibintu bihamye; ni inzira nzima ikeneye guhora ikurikiranwa kandi igahinduka. Abimenyereza beza nzi bafite ibyiyumvo byabo - barabatega amatwi, bakareba ibara ryibice bisohoka, kandi bagahuza ibyo hamwe namakuru yamakuru. Nibwo buryo bwa siyanse, ibikoresho byifashishwa, hamwe no gusobanukirwa urunigi rwose rwo gukora ruhindura ibisobanuro bihinduka muburyo bwizewe, burimunsi, burimunsi. Ntabwo ari uguhitamo ubwoko nibindi bijyanye no kumenya ibihinduka muburyo umushinga wawe usaba.
