Urabizi, iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'umubiri wa valve,' bashushanya rusange, iremereye hamwe nu mwobo wacukuwe. Iri ni ikosa rya mbere rikomeye. Mu murongo w'akazi kuri Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), twabonye ko imitekerereze iganisha kubibazo byose byo hasi-kwambara imburagihe, kumeneka, kunanirwa kwa sisitemu. Ukuri ni, a umubiri ni shingiro shingiro; ubunyangamugayo bwayo butegeka byose. Ntabwo ari ukubamo igitutu gusa; byerekeranye n'inzira zitemba neza, ubushyuhe bwumuriro munsi ya gradients zasaze, no kurwanya ruswa ituruka mubitangazamakuru utakwemera. Kubyumva nabi bihenze, kandi mfite ibice byakuweho kugirango mbigaragaze.
Umukino wa Casting: Aho Byose Bitangirira (cyangwa Guhagarara)
Umuntu wese arashaka gusimbuka neza kuri CNC yihanganira imashini. Ndabibona, icyo ni igice cyimibonano mpuzabitsina. Ariko niba guta kwawe ari imyanda, ntamwanya wogukora neza uzabika. Aha niho imyaka mirongo itatu muri shell mold no gushora imari rwose. Kuri a umubiri igenewe umuvuduko ukabije wumuyaga cyangwa imiti yangirika, ubwiza bwimbere ntibushobora kuganirwaho. Microscopic shrinkage cavity ntushobora no kubona kuri X-ray? Nibyo umunaniro uzaza utegereje kubaho. Ibi twabyize inzira igoye hakiri kare hamwe nabakiriya ba peteroli. Ibice byatsinze ibizamini byambere, ariko birananirana-nyuma yubushyuhe buke. Intandaro? Gukonjesha kudahuye mugice kinini cyibikorwa byo gushora imari. Ntabwo yari inenge yashushanyije; byari inzira yo kugenzura hiccup.
Niyo mpamvu guhitamo ibikoresho atari agasanduku. Ibyuma bidafite ingese ni intangiriro, ntabwo ari igisubizo. Ni 304 kuri ruswa rusange, cyangwa 316 kuri chloride? Kubushyuhe bukabije na sulfidation, urareba Inconel 625 cyangwa Hastelloy C-276 - ayo mavuta ashingiye kuri nikel twabigize umwuga. Tekinike yo gukina ihinduka rwose. Hamwe na superalloys, ubushyuhe bwo gusuka, kubumba mbere yubushyuhe, nigipimo cyo gukonjesha bigomba kuba mubyino nziza. Gutandukana gato ukabona gutandukanya, ibice byacitse. Uwiteka umubiri Birashobora kugaragara neza, ariko bizacika mugihe cyo gutunganya cyangwa, bibi, muri serivisi. Tumara umwanya munini wujuje ibipimo byimikorere kuri buri kintu gishya kuruta uko dukora kumusaruro nyirizina ukoreshwa ku ngingo ya mbere.
Ndibuka umushinga wo gukoresha geothermal. Ikirangantego cyahamagaye ibyuma bya duplex bitagira umuyonga umubiri. Ikibazo? Kugumana hafi ya 50/50 ya austenite-ferrite iringaniza binyuze muri casting hamwe no kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma kugirango ubone imbaraga zuzuye hamwe na chloride stress ya ruswa yangirika. Byihuse cyane, kandi uhindura igipimo. Byadutwaye ibyiciro bine by'icyitegererezo, dukata ingero zo gusesengura ibyuma buri gihe, kugirango dufunge inzira. Ba injeniyeri b'abakiriya batekereje ko turi kwitonda cyane. Kugeza igihe indangagaciro z'umunywanyi wazo, ziva mu ruganda ruhendutse, zatangiye kunanirwa mu gihe cy'umwaka. Ibyacu biracyari mu butaka.
Imashini: Aho Geometrie ihura nukuri
Aha niho igishushanyo mbonera kizima, kandi aho umutwe wose ugaragara. Urabona casting kuva hasi. Birasa neza. Noneho ubishyire kuri CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) nyuma yimikorere ya mbere itoroshye, ukabona ihinduka ryibanze. Birashoboka ko ari kimwe cya kabiri cya milimetero, ariko mugihe ufite urusobe rugoye rwo guhuza imyanda ya trim trim, iyo milimetero igice ni impanuka. Datum zawe zose zirahari. Uragerageza kuyikiza uhindura gahunda yawe yo gutunganya, birashoboka kubangamira ubugari bwurukuta? Cyangwa ukuraho $ 5,000? Ubu ni bwo guhamagarwa buri munsi.
CNC ikora a umubiri ntabwo ari ugukubita gusa +/- 0.01mm. Byerekeranye nurukurikirane. Waba ukora imashini ya flange ubanza gushiraho datum yibanze, cyangwa urakura imyenge y'imbere kugirango ugabanye imihangayiko? Ku mibiri minini, igoye nkiyi yo mumashanyarazi nyamukuru yo kwigunga, akenshi dukora anneal-kugabanya anneal nyuma yo kuyikora nabi. Ugomba gusiga ububiko buhagije kugirango nyuma yuko igice kimaze kwimuka gato mu itanura, urashobora gukomeza kugisukura mumpera zanyuma. Niba udateganya urwo rugendo, uzasanga imifuka yawe yimashini irangiye itagikoreshwa.
Ingamba zo gukoresha nubundi bwicanyi bucece. Gucukura ibice byimbitse, byambukiranya ibikoresho cyangwa kuva ku byambu biva mu byuma bya austenitis? Ibyo bikoresho bikunda gukora cyane. Koresha ibiryo / umuvuduko utari wo, cyangwa imyitozo niyo ituje gato, hanyuma uzenguruke urukuta rw'umwobo. Igikoresho gikurikiraho, nka reamer, kizasimbuka gusa hejuru yikomye, cyangiza diameter kirangire. Twagereranije kumanota yihariye ya karbide hamwe nibikoresho bikonjesha bikonje bikoreshwa muribi bikorwa nyuma yo gukuraho ibice byinshi hafi yarangiye. Niyi minota, idashimishije ibisobanuro bitandukanya igice gikora nikindi cyiza. Urashobora gusanga bimwe muburyo bwacu kuri ibi bibazo bigoye byo gutunganya kurubuga rwacu kuri https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, nubwo nuance nyayo ihora-yihariye akazi.
Umwihariko wa Alloys Urukwavu
Abakiriya baza iwacu kuri QSY kenshi kubera ko barenze imipaka. Ibyuma bisanzwe ntabwo bigabanya. Aha niho bigushimisha, kandi mvugishije ukuri, aho ukorera izina ryawe. Cobalt ishingiye ku mavuta nka Stellite 6, akenshi ikoreshwa nkintebe zisa cyane muri umubiri, kwerekana paradox. Bambara bidasanzwe kandi birwanya ruswa, ariko ni inzozi mbi kumashini. Ni gummy, bakuramo ibikoresho byo gutema, kandi bitanga ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ntushobora guterera gusa gushyiramo.
Twagombaga gukora protocole yihariye: umuvuduko udasanzwe, umuvuduko mwinshi, ibikoresho bya geometrike yihariye hamwe na rake nziza cyane, hamwe na coolant nini yumuvuduko mwinshi kugirango tumenye chip kandi bitwara ubushyuhe. Rimwe na rimwe, kubintu bigoye cyane, tureka gutunganya imashini gakondo kugirango dusya cyangwa ndetse na EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining) kubintu bimwe na bimwe. Ingingo ni, ibikoresho bya umubiri ubwayo, cyangwa ibivanze urimo kuyikoramo, itegeka igishushanyo mbonera cyose. Nta gahunda-imwe-ihuza-gahunda ya CNC yose. Ni inzira ihoraho yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere.
Kandi ntabwo ari ugukora imashini gusa. Kuzunguruka nozzle cyangwa igikapo cyo gusana kuri nikel ishingiye kuri nikel umubiri bisaba kubagwa neza. Mbere yubushyuhe, kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa interpass, insinga zuzuza, hamwe na PWHT ikomeye (Post-Weld Heat Treatment) kugirango igarure microstructure. Shaka intambwe iyo ari yo yose itari yo, kandi urema zone yintege nke zishobora gutsindwa kuruta inenge yambere. Turakomeza selile yabugenewe kubwubu buryo bwo gusudira neza kuko nubuhanga bukomeye, bwihariye. Ntabwo ari imirimo y'uruganda; ni hafi yubuhanzi bwa metallurgie.
Kwipimisha & Umuzimu muri Imashini
Igenzura rya nyuma niho ibyiringiro byawe bigeragezwa, ntabwo ari igice gusa. Hydro-igerageza kuri 1.5x igishushanyo mbonera ni bisanzwe, birumvikana. Ariko ibyo ni pass / gutsindwa. Ntabwo ikubwira kubyerekeranye nigihe kirekire muri serivisi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, cyangwa ubuzima bwumunaniro. Kubikorwa bikomeye, dusunika byinshi. Irangi ryinjira (PT) hejuru yimashini zose kugirango ubone ibice byacitse. Kugerageza ibice bya magnetiki (MT) kubikoresho bya ferritic. Ariko igipimo cya zahabu, cyane cyane mubice bishora imari, ni ibizamini bya radiografiya (RT).
Urimo gushakisha izo nenge zimbere-kugabanuka, gutinyuka, gushiramo. Ibipimo byo kwemerwa kubipimo bya ASTM E ni ubugome, kandi bigomba kuba. Nemeje firime ya RT aho gukina byari bifite akantu gato, kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe keza cyane kure yimbibi zose. Mubuhanga, irashobora gutambutsa ibintu bidasanzwe. Ariko niba ari izina ryanjye kuri icyemezo, kandi ndatekereza ko umubiri ku giti cya Noheri yo munsi yinyanja cyangwa umurongo ukonjesha ingufu za kirimbuzi, nzabyanga kenshi. Ni umuhamagaro w'urubanza. Igiciro cyo kongera gukora ntakintu ugereranije nigiciro cyo gutsindwa kumurima. Iyi myitwarire idahwitse yatetse mubikorwa byacu muri QSY, yavutse muri iyo myaka 30+ yo kubona ibitagenda neza.
Noneho hariho ibipimo. Raporo ya CMM ni imibare gusa. Ugomba kubisoma. Niba ibipimo byose bya bore biri muri spec ariko byerekana taper nkeya, bivuze iki? Ahari igikoresho cyatandukanijwe. Ahari hariho imihangayiko isigaye. Birashobora kwemerwa, ariko birerekana inzira ishobora guhungabana mugice gikurikira. Ubwiza ntabwo ari ugutambuka gusa; nibijyanye no gusobanukirwa intera ya pass hamwe nicyerekezo. Dufata raporo yambere yo kugenzura raporo nkinyandiko yubucamanza.
Subira kuri Ishusho nini
Noneho, nyuma yibi byose - impaka zivanze, ibigeragezo bya casting, kubabara umutwe, kugenzura ubugenzuzi - ufite iki? Ufite a umubiri. Ibigize gusa. Ariko nikintu gikubiyemo urunigi rwibyemezo, ubuhanga, kandi, yego, gato paranoia. Ntabwo ari ibicuruzwa. Iyo ukomoka mububiko nkubwacu, ntabwo uba uguze imiterere yimashini gusa. Urimo kugura imyaka mirongo yo kwitonda yashinze imizi yatumye dukoresha ayo masasu ya RT yiyongereye, ubushake bwo gusiba no kongera gutangira, hamwe nubumenyi bwakusanyije bwukuntu chibalt ishingiye kuri cobalt igomba kugaragara mugihe ivuye mubikoresho neza.
Inganda zuzuye amaduka ashobora gukora ishusho isa na a umubiri. Amayeri arimo gukora imwe ibura muri sisitemu imyaka 30 kandi ikora gusa, yibagiwe. Iyo ni yo ntego. Bitangirana no kubaha ibintu byihishe muri iryo jambo ryoroshye, umubiri wa valve, bikarangirana nigice cyubwato cyangwa mubihingwa ntamuntu numwe ugomba gutekereza kubiri. Nibyo byukuri byatsinze ibipimo, birenze icyemezo cyubugenzuzi.
