Xa ubona igama lokukhangela elifana ne-'17 4 ph investment casting', kulula ukucinga ukuba lolunye ungeno lwephepha lemathiriyeli. Ngokwenyani, sisishunqulelo seseti epheleleyo yemicelimngeni kunye nezigqibo ezikumgangatho wevenkile. Uninzi lwabantu abathengayo okanye iinjineli ezincinci zicinga ukuba zichaza i-17-4 PH, okanye i-17-4PH yensimbi engenasici, sisisombululo esinye sokufuna amandla aphezulu kunye nokunganyangeki komhlwa. Bahlala bephosa imeko ye-H ebalulekileyo-imeko yonyango lokushisa-yinto yonke. Ndibone iprints ingena isithi 17-4 PH utyalo mali, kwaye kulapho incoko yokwenyani, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iintloko ezibuhlungu, ziqala.
Ucelomngeni olungundoqo: Konke malunga neMeko ye-H900, i-H1025, okanye i-H1100
Awuphosi nje 17-4 PH; uyayiphosa kwaye emva koko uyiphathe ngokushushu kwimeko ethile ukuze ufumane iipropati ozifunayo. Le yifolokhwe yokuqala enkulu endleleni. Imeko ye-as-cast yisisombululo esivaliweyo (uMqathango A). Ithambile ngokwentelekiso, iyatshiseka, kodwa ayinawo amandla aziwayo emvula. Umlingo wenzeka emva konyango lobushushu obuphantsi lobushushu. I-H900 ikunika awona mandla okuqina okugqibela, ukutyhala ngasemva kwe-190 ksi, kodwa i-brittle ngakumbi kwaye ibhere kumatshini. I-H1150 ibonelela ngokuqina okungcono kunye nokumelana nomhlwa, kodwa uthengisa ngesixa esibalulekileyo saloo mandla aphezulu.
Ukukhetha imeko engalunganga yesicelo yimpazamo yakudala, eneendleko. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yecandelo laselwandle apho umyili, eqiniswe ngamandla, echaza i-H900. Inxalenye iphumelele zonke iimvavanyo zelebhu kodwa yasilela ebaleni ngenxa yoxinzelelo lokuqhekeka kwe-corrosion kuloo meko yobunzima obuphezulu. Kwafuneka siphinde siphose kwaye siphinde sifudumeze ibhetshi yonke kwi-H1150, eyasombulula umba wentsimi kodwa yalibazisa iprojekthi ngeenyanga. Sifunda ntoni? Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion ye-17-4 PH kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwimeko, kungekhona inani eliqingqiweyo.
Kulapho ukusebenza kunye ne-Foundry eqonda i-metallurgy, hayi nje ukubumba, akunakuxoxiswana. Ivenkile efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye namashumi amathathu eminyaka abo utyalo mali kunye nokwenza, ngokuqhelekileyo ufumana oku. Babengayi kugalela nje intsimbi baze bayithumele ngenqanawa. Inkqubo yabo iya kubandakanya iprothokholi yonyango lobushushu emva kokuphosa, kwaye banokufaka iflegi engaphelelanga kwangoko. Uyakwazi ukubona indlela yabo yokwenza izinto, kubandakanywa i-alloys ezikhethekileyo, kwindawo yabo tsngtaocnc.com. Olu lwazi ludityanisiweyo lokusasa kunye nokusetyenzwa kwe-thermal okwahlula umthengisi wamalungu kwiqabane lobunjineli.
Ukugada, uKutyisa, kunye nedabi lokucutheka
Ukusuka kwi-metallurgy ukuya kwi-mold, i-17-4 PH inikezela ngeseti yayo yomngeni wokuphosa. Inokuncipha okubonakalayo kokuqina. Ukuba isango lakho lokungena kunye nesikhuphukeli (i-feeder) ayilwanga ngokugqibeleleyo, uya kufumana ukushwabana kwe-porosity, ngokwesiqhelo kwiindawo zokugqibela ukuqina njengamacandelwana ashinyeneyo okanye iindibaniselwano. Esi ayisiso isiphene onokuthi usisuse; ingaphakathi kwaye iyakubulala ingqibelelo yomatshini wenxalenye, ngakumbi phantsi komthwalo wokudinwa.
Sifunde oku ngokuqhuba okubuhlungu, kwebhetshi encinci yemveliso yesibiyeli se-aerospace actuator. Ijometri yayinodonga oluntsonkothileyo, olungalinganiyo. Iisampuli zokuqala zokudubula zibukeka zigqibelele. Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, nangona kunjalo, kubonakalise inethiwekhi ye-micro-shrinkage kwindawo ephakathi. Imivalo yokuqina enqunyulwe kuloo ndawo ayiphumelelanga ngokumangalisayo ngaphantsi kwe-spec. Ingxaki? Ukubala kwethu okuqhelekileyo kokutya, okusebenze kakuhle kwi-316 i-stainless, yayinganelanga kwiimpawu zokuqiniswa kwe-17-4. Kuye kwafuneka ukuba siyiyila ngokutsha yonke uyilo lomthi, songeza izinyusi ezinkulu kunye nokusebenzisa i-exothermic padding ukugcina isinyithi sishushu ixesha elide kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo. Yandisa ilahleko yesivuno ngomthi kodwa yagcina iindawo.
Lo ngomnye ummandla apho amava ngemiba ethile yezinto eziphathekayo. Inkqubo yokubumba iqokobhe eliqhelekileyo le-Foundry inokufuna ukuxutywa-mhlawumbi ukwakheka kodaka olwahlukileyo okanye istucco-ukujongana neemfuno zobushushu zale alloy. Igeneric iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa inkqubo ayonelanga; kufuneka ibe yinkqubo elungiselelwe imvula-eqinisa iintsimbi.
I-Machining Interlude: Musa Ukuyijongela phantsi
Nantsi into eyinyani enokwenzeka phantse yonke i-17-4 PH yotyalo-mali oluya kujongana nayo: ifuna ukwenziwa. Amalungu ambalwa kakhulu anokwakheka komnatha. Unokususwa kwesango, ukugqitywa komphezulu, kunye nokulungiswa kwedatum ebalulekileyo. Kwaye njengoko kukhankanyiwe, ubulukhuni bomatshini buhluka ngokungafaniyo nemeko. Ukucoca iMeko A ethambileyo iqondile, kodwa ke uphatha ubushushu, kwaye inxalenye iya kuphazamisa. Ngamanye amaxesha kuqikelelwa, ngamanye amaxesha akunjalo.
Enye indlela kumatshini okwimeko yokuqina (umzekelo, H900). Oku kuyabiza, kuyacotha, kwaye kukhohlakele ekusebenziseni izixhobo. Ujonge ukuseta okungqongqo kwe-CNC, i-premium carbide okanye izixhobo ze-CBN, kunye namaxabiso aphantsi okutya. Imodeli yeendleko itshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto unikezelo oludityanisiweyo lwe-QSY lwe utyalo mali kwaye CNC Machining phantsi kophahla olunye inzuzo enengqiqo. Banokucwangcisa lonke ulandelelwano lwemveliso ngokupheleleyo. Ngaba benza umatshini orhabaxa kwiMeko A, bashiye isitokhwe, baphathe ubushushu, emva koko bagqibe umatshini? Okanye ngaba baphosa kwimilo ekufutshane nenetha kwaye bayimatshini yonke emva kokuqina? Eso sigqibo sichaphazela iindleko, ixesha lokukhokela, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, inxalenye yokugqibela yokunyamezela ijometri.
Ndiye ndabandakanyeka kwiiprojekthi apho umatshini wawulinywa kwivenkile yomntu wesithathu ongaqhelananga nokuqina kwe-17-4. Iziphumo zibe ziindawo ezilahliweyo ngenxa yokungafezeki komphezulu ombi, iintanda ezincinci ezenziwe ngoomatshini abandlongondlongo, kunye nokungachaneki komda. Ukuzisa lonke ikhonkco lexabiso, okanye ubuncinci amanyathelo abalulekileyo okucoca ubushushu, phantsi kolawulo olulungelelanisiweyo sisinciphisi somngcipheko omkhulu.
Ukufunwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokulandelelwa: Ayizizo zonke i-17-4 ezilinganayo
Oku kunokuvakala kusisiseko, kodwa umgangatho uqala ngokunyibilika. I-17-4 PH yi-UNS yokutyunjwa (i-S17400), kodwa uluhlu lwangempela lwekhemistri ngaphakathi kwe-spec inokuchaphazela ukuphosa, ukuqina, kunye neempawu zokugqibela. Izinto ezifana nobhedu, i-niobium, kunye nebhalansi yechromium kunye ne-nickel kufuneka ilawulwe ngokuqinileyo. I-Foundry inyibilikisa isitokhwe sayo sebha esiqinisekisiweyo okanye ukubuyisela phantsi kwe-atmosphere elawulwayo yahlukile ekuthengeni ii-ingots ezingaqhelekanga kwimarike.
Kuso nasiphi na isicelo esibalulekileyo, udinga iingxelo ezipheleleyo zekhemistri kunye neengxelo zovavanyo lomatshini ukusuka kweyona ndawo yobushushu. Oku kukuziqhelanisa nomgangatho womsebenzi wobungcali. Ukukwazi ukubonelela ngeli nqanaba loxwebhu luphawu oluzolileyo lwe-Foundry's seriousness. Xa uphonononga umboneleli ofana nalo ukhankanyiweyo, ukusebenza kwabo kwexesha elide kubonisa ukuba bakhe iinkqubo zoku. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30, unokufumana ukukhangela izinto eziphathekayo kunye nolawulo oluninzi, okanye awuhlali kwishishini elisebenzela abathengi bamashishini.
Ngaphaya koko, kumacandelo akwi-aerospace, ukhuselo, okanye kwinqwelo-mafutha esebenza kakhulu, imfuno ihlala yongezeleleka ekuhlolweni kobungakanani bengqolowa, ukuhlolwa kweradiyografi ukuya kwimigangatho ethile (efana ne-ASTM E192), kunye novavanyo lomhlwa. Ukuchaza i-17-4 PH yokwenziwa kotyalo-mali kukuphela komgca wokuvula uxwebhu olude kakhulu lwenkcazo yobugcisa elawula konke oku.
Umele Uyisebenzise nini, kwaye ujonge nini kwenye indawo
Ngoko, emva kwayo yonke le nto, i-17-4 PH i-investment casting yenza ingqiqo? Ilunge kakhulu kumacandelo afuna umlinganiselo omkhulu wokomelela ukuya kubunzima, amandla afanelekileyo okudinwa, kunye nokumelana nokuthotywa okufanelekileyo kwindawo engaphantsi kobunzima kunoko kufunwa ialloyi esekwe kwi-austenitic ephezulu okanye yenickel. Cinga iincakuba zeinjini yeinjini, izigxininisi zempompo, imizimba yevalvu, izixhobo zompu, kunye namalungu esixhobo sotyando. Izalisa i-niche phakathi komgangatho we-300-series engenastainless kwaye ibiza kakhulu cobalt-based okanye ialloys esekwe nickel.
Kodwa ayilophuculo lwehlabathi. Ukuba inxalenye yakho ineemfuno zomhlwa ezigqithisileyo (umzekelo, ukuntywiliselwa rhoqo emanzini anetyuwa), intsimbi ephindwe kabini okanye ialloy ephezulu yenickel inokuba ngcono. Ukuba ufuna ukuqina okugqithisileyo kumaqondo obushushu e-cryogenic, jonga kwenye indawo. Ukuba ijometri intsonkothile kangangokuba ukugqwetha unyango lobushushu akulawuleki, unokunyanzeliswa ukuba usebenzise i-austenitic eyenziwe lukhuni ngoomatshini endaweni yoko.
I-key takeaway ukusuka kwiminyaka yokujongana nale nto kukuba i-17-4 PH ukuphosa utyalo-mali yinkqubo yenkqubo, kungekhona into. Ifuna intlonipho yokunxibelelana phakathi kwesinyithi, ubunjineli besiseko, isayensi yonyango lobushushu, kunye nomatshini ochanekileyo. Ukuyilungisa kuvakala ngathi luloyiso oluncinci ngalo lonke ixesha. Ukuyenza impazamo yimfundo ebiza imali eninzi. Umahluko uhlala ekukhetheni amaqabane abona lonke ikhonkco, hayi nje ikhonkco labo elinye kulo.
