Xa abantu abaninzi besiva i-'powder metallurgy', ngoko nangoko bafane bafane nelaa sixhobo sakudala sokucofa kunye ne-sinter okanye i-bushing. Yindawo yokungena, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa ikwayeyona mbono iphosakeleyo-yokuba i-PM yenye nje engabizi kakhulu yeemilo ezilula. Inyani, ngakumbi xa ungena kumacandelo asebenza kakhulu, sisilo esahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Kuncinci malunga nokutshintsha inyathelo lobuchwephesha kwaye ngaphezulu malunga nokudala ulwakhiwo lwemathiriyeli ongenakufumana ukusuka kwinyibilika. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi lusilela kuba umntu othile uchaze inxalenye ye-PM esekwe kwitshathi yoxinaniso lwencwadi yezifundo ngaphandle kokuqonda okwenzekayo ngexesha lokudityaniswa kobushushu kunye noxinzelelo. Umsantsa phakathi kwepropathi ye-isotropic efanelekileyo kwidatha yedatha kunye neyona ndawo ihleli kwitafile yokuhlola unokuba mkhulu.
Iphazili yeAlloy Powder: Iqala Phambi kokungunda
Wonke umntu ucinga ngokucinezela kunye ne-sintering parameters, kwaye kufanelekile. Kodwa iintloko zihlala ziqala ngaphambili, kunye nomgubo ngokwawo. Asithethi nje malunga nemixube ye-iron-copper-carbon pre-mix apha. Xa usebenza kunye ne-alloys ezikhethekileyo, njenge-nickel-based okanye i-cobalt-based based based that siphatha kunye nomsebenzi wethu wokuphosa kwi-QSY, indlela yokuvelisa i powder iba yinto ebalulekileyo. I-atom yegesi xa ithelekiswa ne-atomization yamanzi ayingomahluko weendleko nje; imalunga nomxholo weoxide, imilo yesuntswana, kunye nokuhamba. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yokutywinwa kobushushu obuphezulu apho umxhasi wagxininisa kwipowder ye-nickel ye-nickel yexabiso lexabiso. Isiphumo? Imiba ye-sintering eqhubekayo kunye nokuxinana okungahambelaniyo. Satshintshela kwi-gas-atomized, kwaye ingxaki yaphela. Isifundo yayikukuba ku umgubo wesinyithi, imbali yezinto itshixiwe kuloo masuntswana amancinane, kwaye awukwazi sinter kude isiqalo embi.
Oku kuhlobana nesizathu sokuba iinkampani ezinemvelaphi eyomeleleyo yesinyithi, njengeQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), zihlala zinomlenze phezulu. Usebenze ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 ekujuleni nasekusebenzeni, uphuhlisa imvakalelo yamathumbu malunga nendlela iialloys eziziphatha ngayo phantsi kwemijikelo yobushushu. Loo intuition iyadluliswa. Xa sibheka i-nickel-based alloy powder yecandelo le-PM, asiboni nje umgubo; sicinga ngokuziphatha kwayo kokuqiniswa, uzinzo lwesigaba sayo-ulwazi oluphuculweyo ukusuka kumashumi eminyaka yotyalo-mali olufakwe ngealloyi ezifanayo. Itshintsha incoko ukusuka ekwenzeni le milo iye kweyiphi i-microstructure esijolise kuyo?
Enye inqaku elifihlakeleyo kukuphatha umgubo. Ibonakala ingenamsebenzi, kodwa ukufunxa ukufuma, nakwindawo elawulwayo, kunokubangela umonakalo. Kumgubo wentsimbi, ngumbulali. Unokufumana indawo entle eluhlaza kumatshini wokushicilela, kuphela ukufumana amadyunguza kunye nokutshintsha kombala emva kokuntywila. Ulungiso luhlala lukwiinkqubo kunye nokugcinwa-into ekulula ukuyijongela phantsi ukuba uvela kumatshini wemveli okanye imvelaphi yokuphosa apho uqala khona ngesitokhwe esiqinileyo.
Apho i-PM kunye noMatshini zingqubana (kunye neNtsebenziswano)
A enyulu umgubo wesinyithi inxalenye, ngqo ngaphandle komlilo we-sinter, idla ngokuba yifantasy yezicelo zokunyamezela okuphezulu. Kulapho i-synergy kunye ne-CNC machining iba yinto engenakuxoxisana. Ingqondo kumenzi odibeneyo ibaluleke kakhulu. Kwindawo yethu, icandelo le-PM kunye nomgangatho womatshini we-CNC awufakwanga. Oomatshini bayazi ukuba indawo ene-sintered asiyobloko yentsimbi efanayo; kusenokubakho ingxinano encinci, kwaye zihlengahlengisa iifidi kunye nezantya ngokufanelekileyo. Le asiyonto yeencwadi; lulwazi lwezizwe olugqithiselwe phakathi kwe-sintering tech kunye nomsebenzisi we-CNC.
Ndikhumbula into entsonkothileyo ene-flanged kunye neegiya ze-helical zangaphakathi. Amazinyo egiya ayenziwe nge-PM ukuya kwimilo ekufutshane nenetha-ukuzama ukutshiza abo basuka kwisiqina bekuya kuba liphupha elibi lenkcitho kunye nexesha. Kodwa ubuso be-flange budinga ukugqiba kwe-Ra 0.4 kunye ne-perpendicularity eqinile. Ukucula kukodwa kwakungenakuyibetha loo nto. Ke, sayitshisa, emva koko siyicinezela kwi-mill ye-CNC. Ubuqhetseba babusekulungiseni: awungekhe utyumze indawo ejijekileyo njengokuba ubuya kwenza. Siye sayila umhlathi othambileyo owasasaza amandla okubamba kwindawo ebanzi yeflange. Inkcukacha encinci, kodwa ithintele ukugqwetheka kwaye yaqinisekisa ukuba ubuso bomatshini bokugqibela buyinyaniso. Olu hlobo lwebhulorho yenkqubo apho ixabiso langempela lenziwa khona.
Le ndlela edibeneyo yinto oyibonayo kwindawo efana ne-QSY. Iwebhusayithi yethu, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, ichaza iinkonzo zethu ezingundoqo kwi-shell mold casting, utyalo-mali, kunye nomatshini we-CNC. Oko kuthetha ntoni, kunye nento esiphila ngayo imihla ngemihla, yinkqubo yefilosofi ye-agnostic. Injongo ayikokuthengisa inxalenye ye-PM okanye inxalenye ephosiweyo; kukuhambisa icandelo elisebenzayo elidibana ne-spec, ngokuthembekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha oko kuthetha i-PM engundoqo kunye neempawu zoomatshini. Ngamanye amaxesha, kuthetha ukucebisa umxhasi ukuba kwimeko yabo ethile yomthwalo kunye nejometri, ukubunjwa kweqokobhe lokungunda kunokuba namandla ngakumbi kunoguqulelo lwe-PM, ngaphandle kweendleko eziphezulu zezixhobo. Olo kunyaniseka luvela ekubeni nezixhobo ezininzi ebhokisini.
Ingxaki Yoxinaniso: Ayisoze ibe nani nje
Uxinaniso yigrail engcwele ye-PM, kodwa yimetric echwechwayo. Ukufezekisa i-7.4 g / cm3 kwinqanaba elisekelwe kwintsimbi yinto enye; Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingxinano iyafana kuyo yonke indawo yenye. I-Porosity ayisoloko ilutshaba-ilungile kwiibheringi zokuzithambisa-kodwa ukusasazwa kwayo kubalulekile. Kwizicelo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, indawo yoxinaniso oluphantsi lwendawo yindawo yokuqaliswa kokuqhekeka elindele ukwenzeka.
Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu kwilever component ye-hydraulic system. Inxalenye iphumelele i-avareji yoxinaniso itshekhi ngemibala ephaphazelayo. Kodwa kuvavanyo lwentsimi, yaqhubeka isilela kwindawo ethile yepivot. Icandelwana elinqamlezileyo le-metallographic libonakalise ingxinano engaqondakaliyo elungelelaniswe nepateni yokuqala yokuzalisa umgubo kwidayizi. Ukulungiswa bekungekonyusa nje uxinzelelo olubambeneyo kwihlabathi liphela (nto leyo ebeka umngcipheko wokunxitywa kwesixhobo kunye ne-lamination). Kuye kwafuneka ukuba siphinde sihlenge isixhobo ngeepunch ezininzi ezisezantsi ukuze sihlanganise umgubo ngokulinganayo kwii-axes ezininzi. Yongeza iindleko kunye nobunzima kwisixhobo, kodwa yayisombulula ingxaki. Olu luhlobo lwe umgubo wesinyithi i-nuance eyahlula i-prototype ukusuka kwicandelo elilungele imveliso.
Apha kukwalapho imisebenzi ye-post-sintering efana nokulinganisa okanye i-coining ingena khona. Ayiyonto nje yokubetha unyamezelo oluphakathi; zinokusebenza-ziqinise umphezulu kwaye zivale i-porosity engaphezulu. Yinkqubo yesibini eyongeza iindleko, kodwa kwiindawo ezijongene nokunxiba okanye ukubola, inokuba ngumahluko phakathi komnyaka omnye kunye nobomi benkonzo yeminyaka emihlanu. Isigqibo sokongeza elo nyathelo sihlehla kumjikelo osebenzayo wecandelo, hayi ushicilelo kuphela.
Xa i-PM ingeyompendulo: Enye indlela yokuCasa
Ngeengcambu zethu ezinzulu zokuphosa, sihlala sithelekisa iintsapho ezimbini zeenkqubo. Kukho ummandla apho bakhuphisana khona, kunye nendawo apho umntu ongaphezulu ngokucacileyo. Kwiijometri zangaphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi-cinga iitshaneli zokupholisa kwi-blade ye-turbine-i-investment casting iseyinkosi. I-metallurgy yomgubo umzabalazo kunye nee-undercuts ezithile kunye nomncinci kakhulu, iindonga ezinzulu kwimeko eluhlaza ngaphambi kokuba i-sintering.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiimathiriyeli ezaziwa ngokuba nzima ukuphoswa ngesakhiwo sesandi, njengentsimbi yesixhobo esinesantya esiphezulu okanye i-alloys ye-tungsten-heavy, i-PM yi-godsend. Iphelisa ulwahlulo kwaye inika ukuhanjiswa okulungileyo, okufanayo kwe-carbide. Sasinecala lepleyiti yokunxiba kwisicelo semigodi. Izinto eziphathekayo zaziyi-high-chromium iron alloy. Inguqulelo yokuphosa yahlala ifumana imingxunya eyodwa yokucutheka. Satshintshela kwindlela ye-PM usebenzisa i-alloy composition composition powder, elandelwa yi-sinter-high-temperature sinter kunye ne-CNC ekhawulezayo yokugaya ubungakanani. Ubomi bokunxiba bunyuke ngaphezu kwama-300%. Ixabiso ngenxalenye nganye ibiphezulu, kodwa ixabiso lilonke lobunini liye lehla.
Lo ngundoqo wokwenziwa kwemveliso: ukukhetha imephu yenkqubo eyiyo. Ayikokukhetha itekhnoloji enye onokuthi ube nayo. Kwi-QSY, inyaniso yokuba sinezakhono zokuphosa kunye ne-PM (kunye nokugqiba i-CNC) isinyanzela ukuba sibe nenjongo. Sinokuqhuba uhlalutyo ngaphandle kokuthengisa. Ngamanye amaxesha, esona sisombululo singumxube. Senze iindawo apho umzimba ongundoqo uyimbunda yeqokobhe engabiziyo, kodwa indawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokunxiba kukufakwa kwe-PM ebrayishiweyo okanye etshixelwe ngoomatshini kwindawo yokusasa. Ivakala imdaka, kodwa isebenza ngokugqwesileyo ebaleni.
Ikamva Alisongezo Nje
Uninzi lwe-buzz namhlanje lujikeleze imveliso yezongezo zesinyithi, ekuthi, entliziyweni yayo, uhlobo lwe umgubo wesinyithi. Kodwa i-press-and-sinter yesiko kunye ne-MIM (I-Metal Injection Molding) ayihambi. Kumthamo ophezulu, amacandelo aphindaphindwayo, ahlala esebenza ngakumbi ngokwezoqoqosho kunoshicilelo lwe-3D. I-evolution endiyibonayo kwi-powders ngokwayo-i-powders eyenziwe ngobunjineli kunye ne-nano-scale coatings okanye izakhiwo ezidibeneyo ezivumela ukuba i-sintering kumaqondo aphantsi ukuya kwi-microstructures yokugqibela.
Umceli mngeni obonakalayo kukuzinzo. Ukwenziwa ngokutsha komgubo yinto enkulu. Ayiyiyo yonke impuphu enokuthi iphinde isetyenziswe, ngakumbi emva kwe-sintering atmospheres. Indlela ophatha ngayo umjelo wenkunkuma-i-overspray, i-powder batches ephuma ngaphandle-iba yinkxalabo yomxhasi, kungekhona nje i-EPA. Ngomnye umaleko wolawulo lwenkqubo olongezwa kuluhlu.
Ke, xa ndicinga 'nge-powder metallurgy', andicingi nje ngenkqubo. Ndicinga ngobume bezinto eziphathekayo, iseti yokulungelelaniswa kunye namathuba, kunye nentsebenziswano eyimfuneko kunye namanye amacandelo okuvelisa. Sisixhobo esinamandla, kodwa kuphela ukuba uyaluqonda ulwimi lwayo-ulwimi oluthethwa kwi- density gradients, ukuhanjiswa kwesayizi yamasuntswana, kunye ne-sinter curves, hayi kwiphepha ledatha.
