Xa usiva 'i-alloy investment casting', umfanekiso ongoko nangoko ukholisa ukuba ngowobuqhophololo, i-net-shaped aerospace components. Yinyani leyo, kodwa yinguqulelo yencwadana ecwebezelayo. Ubunyani bomgangatho we-Foundry bumdaka, bunobunzima ngakumbi. Ukungaqondi kakuhle okuqhelekileyo kukuba sisisombululo esisodwa kuyo nayiphi na indawo entsonkothileyo. Enyanisweni, ukusebenza kwayo kuxhomekeke kuhlalutyo oluqatha lwexabiso lenzuzo yejometri ngokuchasene nomthamo. Ngaba kufanelekile igobolondo ye-ceramic, iipateni ze-wax, ixesha lokuhamba elongezelelweyo? Kwisibiyeli esilula, phantse asoze. Kwi-impeller ene-vanes yangaphakathi, isoloko iyona ndlela kuphela. Ubugcisa bokwenyani abukho nje ekwenzeni isasti; kukwazi xa ungasebenzisi utyalo mali kwaphela.
Umdaniso ongundoqo: I-Wax, i-Shell, kunye neNsimbi
Inkqubo ibonakala inomgca kwiincwadi zezifundo: ipateni ye-wax, indibano, isakhiwo seqokobhe, i-dewax, ukutshiswa, ukugalela. Ngokwesiqhelo, inyathelo ngalinye lithethathethwano. Thatha i-wax. Ukwenziwa kwayo akwenziwanga generic; iwax yentsimbi ecekethekileyo enodonga olungenasici iziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunenye yealloyi etyebileyo yecobalt. Amazinga okunciphisa ayahluka, kwaye ukuba ipateni yakho ye-wax ayibali ukushwabana kwesinyithi okulandelayo ngokuchanekileyo, ususa imida yenzuzo kamva. Ndizibonile iiprojekthi apho iiparamitha zokuqala zokutofa iwax zikhutshelwa kumsebenzi 'ofanayo', kuphela ukuvelisa iipateni ezigqwethekileyo ezibeka esichengeni ingqibelelo yeqokobhe lonke. Linyathelo elisisiseko elithi alihoywe.
Emva koko kuza iqokobhe leceramic. Ubalo lomjikelo wediphu-kunye-stucco alunamkhethe; ngumsebenzi we-alloy egalela ubushushu kunye nenxalenye yobunzima. I-alloy ye-nickel ephezulu egalelwe ngaphezu kwe-1500 ° C idinga iqokobhe elomeleleyo ukuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal kunye nokungena kwesinyithi. Iileya ezimbalwa kakhulu, kwaye ubeka emngciphekweni wokubaleka okanye 'ukuphosa' ukuphosa kwiqokobhe eliqhekekileyo. Zininzi kakhulu, kwaye ubamba iigesi ngexesha lokukhupha i-waxing, ekhokelela kumaqamza eqokobhe abe sisiphene ekuphosweni kokugqibela. Bubuchule obubambekayo – ukugweba ubukhulu beqokobhe ngobunzima balo obuluhlaza kunye nesandi xa ucofa.
Isigaba sokudinwa sibalulekile, kodwa sihlala siphathwa njengomjikelo olula we-oveni. Ayikokunyibilikisa umthwebeba; imalunga nokuguqula iqokobhe libe yiceramic eyomeleleyo, ekwaziyo ukungena. Amaxabiso erempu abalulekile. Ukukhawuleza, kwaye i-wax eyandisiweyo inokuqhekeza igobolondo. Ukucotha kakhulu, kwaye ushiya intsalela yekhabhoni enokubangela iziphene zomhlaba ekugaleleni. Kwiialloys ezibuthathaka kwikhabhoni pickup, njengenye iintsimbi eziphindwe kabini, le yintlekele. Umoya wesithando somlilo nawo ufuna ukujongwa.
Izinto eziKhethelwayo: AyiyoNtsimbi nje engenaStainless
Abathengi bahlala bechaza intsimbi engatyiwayo ngokungathi yinto enye. Ukuziphatha kokuphosa kwe-304L xa kuthelekiswa ne-316L, singasathethi ke ngebakala lokuqina kwemvula efana ne-17-4PH, yahluke kakhulu. Ubumanzi, ukuthambekela kokukrazula okutshisayo, iimfuno zokutya - zonke ziyatshintsha. Apha kulapho amava e-Foundry yexesha elide ahlawula khona. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye nemvelaphi yabo yeminyaka engama-30, ngebakhe ithala leencwadi elinzulu nelisebenzayo lezi ziphathamandla. Unokufunda i-database, kodwa ukwazi ukuba i-alloy ethile esekwe kwi-nickel, yithi i-Inconel 718, inomkhwa ombi wokwenza amabala ukuba iqondo lobushushu lokugalela alilawulwa ngokuqinileyo, livela ekubeni ulahle iibhetshi ezimbalwa ukufunda nzima.
I-alloys ezikhethekileyo, njenge-cobalt okanye i-nickel-based based, yazisa enye ingqimba. Zihlala zikhethelwa ukuxhathisa umhlwa okanye ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu, kodwa zinokuba zizilo ezigqibeleleyo zokuphosa. Zineendawo eziphezulu zokunyibilika, ezigxininisa inkqubo yeqokobhe, kwaye uluhlu lwazo lokuqina lunokuba luqilima. Ukungena kunye nokunyuka kwezi zixhobo akukho mgangatho. Udinga i-feeders ezinkulu ukulwa nokushwabana okuphezulu, okuchaphazela isivuno. Ubalo loqoqosho luyatshintsha kakhulu. Inxalenye yexabiso ayikho nje kwiingot yealloyi ebizayo; isentsimbini ugalela kuphela ukuyisika kunye nokunyibilika.
Apha kulapho ubumatshini obudityanisiweyo buba bungenakuxoxisana. I-Foundry ephosa kuphela ishiya imali kunye nolawulo lomgangatho etafileni. Ukuphosa yinkqubo ekufutshane ne-net-shape, kodwa 'kufuphi' ligama elisebenzayo. Ubuso bedatum ebalulekileyo, imingxunya enemisonto, iidayamitha zokunyamezelana okuqinileyo ziya kufuna ukwenziwa ngoomatshini. Ukuba nesakhono se-CNC ngaphakathi, njengoko i-QSY isenza, kuthetha ukuba inxalenye inokuyilwa kunye netsheyini yenkqubo yonke engqondweni. Ungasishiya isitokhwe esicwangcisiweyo kwiindawo ezithile usazi ukuba uya kuyimatshini ngokuchanekileyo kamva, esebenza ngakumbi kunokuzama ukunyamezela inqanaba lemicron kuyo yonke indawo, into engenakwenzeka ngokwasemzimbeni.
Imigibe yokwenyani yeHlabathi kunye neeNgxaki
Iinkqubo zeencwadi zezifundo zithatha iimeko ezigqibeleleyo. Inyani ayenzi. Intloko ebuhlungu eqhubekayo yinguqu engundoqo. Nangona iqokobhe elenziwe ngokugqibeleleyo, ngexesha lokuthululwa, amandla ashukumisayo esinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo anokuphakamisa okanye atshintshe ii-cores ze-ceramic zangaphakathi. Ndisebenze kwindlu yevalve apho undoqo wepaseji yangaphakathi utshintshe nge-1.5mm nje, inika yonke ibhetshi ingasebenzi. Ukulungiswa kwakungekho ekugaleleni; kwakusekuqulunqweni kwakhona kweprints eziphambili kunye nezixhaso kwinqanaba lepatheni ye-wax. Yongeza iiveki ezimbini kumda wexesha lomboniso.
Umphezulu olindelweyo wokugqiba nawo ufuna ukulawulwa. Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali kunika isiphelo esihle, kodwa i-'as-cast' ayifani 'nomatshini'. Kumalungu ajongene nokuhamba kolwelo, njengeenxalenye zempompo, uburhabaxa obuthile bomphezulu bunokwamkeleka. Ufakelo lwezonyango, akunjalo. Rhoqo, ulungelelanisa iindleko zokufikelela ukugqiba okucolekileyo njengokuphosa (ngemathiriyeli ecolekileyo yeceramic stucco, iidyasi ezongezelelekileyo) ngokuchasene nokuchaza nje ukwenziwa komatshini okukhanya okanye ukuqhushumba emva kokuphoswa. Le yokugqibela idla ngokuthembekileyo kwaye ineendleko ezifanelekileyo.
Ixesha lokukhokela ngomnye umbulali othuleyo. Abantu babona ukugalela ngokukhawuleza kwaye bacinga ukuba kuyakhawuleza. Bayalibala iiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 zokusetyenziswa kwepatheni, iveki yokwakhiwa kweqokobhe nokomisa, iintsuku zokudinwa. Yinkqubo elinganiswa ngeeveki, hayi iintsuku. Nasiphi na isicelo sokungxama sihlala sithetha ukubeka esichengeni ixesha lokumisa iqokobhe, elilitikiti elithe ngqo lokungaphumeleli kokungunda kweqokobhe. Akukho msunguli othembekileyo ofanele avume.
I-Advanteji yokuDityaniswa: Ukusuka kwiCasa ukuya kwiNdawo egqityiweyo
Apha kulapho imodeli yesiseko esidityanisiweyo kunye nevenkile yomatshini, njengaleyo ichazwa ziinkonzo ze-QSY, ibonisa ixabiso layo lokwenyani. Xa ukuphosa kunye nomatshini kuphantsi kophahla olunye, i-loop yempendulo iqinile. I-machinist ifumana indawo enzima eqhubekayo okanye i-porosity engaphantsi komhlaba kwindawo ethile yokuphosa. Olo lwazi lubuyela ngqo kwinjineli ye-Foundry. Ngaba ibingumba wokupholisa wasekhaya? Isikhuphukeli esingonelanga? Bangakwazi ukunyenyisa uyilo lokungena kwi-run elandelayo. Le ngxaki ivaliweyo yokusombulula ingxaki ayinakwenzeka xa i-casting ithunyelwa kwivenkile yomatshini wesithathu obhala nje isikhalazo kwingxelo yekhwalithi.
Cinga ngezinto ezininzi zentsimbi engatyiwayo. I-Cast, inobuso be-flange kunye nemingxuma yebholi. Kulungiselelo oludibeneyo, inkqubo ye-CNC inokuphuhliswa kunye ne-casting shrinkage factor esele ibhakiwe kuyo. Inxalenye ilungisiwe kusetyenziswa iindawo zokubhekisela njenge-cast esekelwe ngexesha loyilo lwepatheni ye-wax. Olu lungelelaniso lunciphisa ixesha lokuseta kwaye luqinisekisa ukuba imvulophu yomatshini iyayihlonipha imilinganiselo yokusa, hayi nje imodeli yethiyori yeCAD. Inciphisa i-scrap kwaye ikhawulezise ukuhanjiswa.
Ulwazi oluphathekayo lunwenwela nalapha. Ukutshiza ingxubevange ye-cobalt etyhidiweyo yahlukile kwi-machining bar eyenziweyo yenkcazo efanayo. Ubume be-microstructure, ubulukhuni, kunye nokubanakho ukubandakanywa kwe-abrasive kuyahluka. Iqela elihlanganisiweyo liyayazi indlela yokukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, isantya, kunye nokutya okuvela kumava, ukuphepha izixhobo ezaphukileyo kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu ombi kwinqanaba lokugqibela, elixabisekileyo.
Iingcamango Zokuqukumbela: I-Pragmatic Craft
Ngoko ke, yintoni i-takeway? I-alloy investment casting yindlela enamandla, ngamanye amaxesha iyimfuneko, yokuvelisa. Kodwa impumelelo yayo ingcwatywe kwiinkcukacha ezingekho kwi-pitch yokuthengisa: kumxube we-wax, i-shell room humidity, i-curve yokutshisa, kunye nolwazi olusondeleyo lwendlela i-alloy ethile egcwalisa ngayo kwaye iyancipha. Ayingomlingo; luthotho olulawulwayo, olumoshakeleyo, lokulalanisa ngokwasemzimbeni.
Umkhwa, ngokufanelekileyo, ubhekisa kubaboneleli abadityanisiweyo ngokuthe nkqo. Iyavakala. Imingeni yokuvelisa i-high-integrity casting idibene kakhulu kunye namanyathelo afika ngaphambi nangemva kwayo ukuba ukwahlukana kwazisa umngcipheko kunye neendleko. Xa ujonga isakhono somthengisi, uludwe lwabo lwemathiriyeli efana nentsimbi etyhidiweyo, intsimbi, i-stainless, kunye ne-alloys ezikhethekileyo sisiqalo. Kodwa owona mbuzo wokwenyani ngulo: mangaphi amaxesha begalele ezi, bazenza ngomatshini ezi, kwaye basombulula iingxaki ezivela kuphela xa uzama ukwenza zombini ukwenza indawo esebenzayo? Ngamava abalulekileyo lawo.
Ekugqibeleni, bubuchule bepragmatic. Awuthengi nje i-casting; uthenga okuqokelelweyo, okuhlala kuwine kanzima, umgwebo weqela elikwaziyo ukuhamba lonke uhambo ukusuka kwimodeli ye-3D ukuya kwinxalenye egqityiweyo, ethembekileyo esandleni sakho. Eso sigwebo yimveliso yokwenyani.
