Xa usiva i-'gravity die components casting', umfanekiso wokuqala odla ngokuvela ngowala malungu angenasiphako, acwebezelayo e-aluminiyam, aphantse abe ngathi aphuma kumngundo alungele igumbi lokubonisa. Leyo yinguqulelo yencwadana ekhazimlayo. Okwenyani, ukugaya kwayo imihla ngemihla, luthethathethwano oluqhubekayo phakathi koyilo olufanelekileyo kunye nefiziksi enenkani yesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo. Akunjalo nje ukugalela isinyithi kwi-mold yentsimbi kunye nokulinda; imalunga nokulawula ubushushu, ukulindela ukushwabana kumacandelo athile, kunye nokwazi ukuba inkqubo yokungena oyichithe iveki uyilo isenokufuna i-tweak ekuqhutyweni kwemveliso yesihlanu. Uninzi lucinga ukuba ngumzala olula woxinzelelo oluphezulu lokufa, kodwa oko kujongelwa phantsi kulapho uninzi lwemiba yomgangatho iqala khona. Ubunzima benkqubo buyinto yokoqobo, kodwa ulawulo olufunekayo aluyonto nje yodwa.
Umbono ongeyiyo ongundoqo: Konke malunga neMold
Ugxininiso oluninzi lufakwa kwi-diye ngokwayo-intsimbi ye-H13, iziteshi zokupholisa, ipolisi. Ungandivi kakubi, ukufa komatshini ngokuchanekileyo sisiqalo. Kodwa ndibone ukufa okugqibeleleyo kuvelisa inkunkuma ngenxa yokuba ubushushu bangaphambi kobushushu bebucinywe ngama-30°C, okanye ngenxa yokuba ixesha lokudlulisa i-ladle lazisa isiphithiphithi kakhulu. Ukufa yinto engatshintshiyo; iinguqu zenkqubo ngabadlali bokwenyani. Kwivenkile yethu, sifaka yonke into: iqondo lokushisa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, itempe yokugalela isinyithi, ixesha lomjikelo, kunye nokufuma kwemozulu kwindawo ethile ebalulekileyo. umxhuzulane kufa amacandelo okuphosa kwizicelo zaselwandle. Loo log data ixabiseke ngaphezu die umzobo ngamanye amaxesha.
Ngokomzekelo, siye sasebenza kuthotho lwezibiyeli zesakhiwo sesithuthi esingekho endleleni. Uyilo lwalunezigaqa ezishinyeneyo ezinyukayo zitshintshela kwiwebhu encinci, ebanzi. Ifa yayintle. Izithonga zokuqala? Porosity kanye ekudibaneni, lonke ixesha. Ingxaki yayingekokubumba; yayilulandelelwano lokuqinisa. Amacandelo angqingqwa ahlala eshushu, esondla ukusuka kwinqanaba elibhityileyo elaqina kuqala, lishiya i-shrinkage voids. Asiyisombululi ngokuphinda senze i-die, kodwa ngokufaka i-copper chill efakwe kwi-fae kumacandelo ashinyeneyo kunye nokulungelelanisa i-angle yokugalela ukutshintsha indlela yokuhamba kwesinyithi. Yongeza iindleko kunye nexesha lokujikeleza, kodwa igcine inxalenye. Leyo yinyani—ukucombulula iingxaki ezingekhoyo kwincwadi yesifundo.
Apha kulapho amava e-Foundry enezixhobo ezahlukeneyo axela ngokwenene. Sisebenzisa i-aluminiyam eninzi ye-A356, kodwa kwiimfuno zamandla aphezulu, sitshintshela kwii-alloys ezifana ne-A357 okanye singene kwii-alloys ze-zinc kweso sicelo. Ngamnye uziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo phantsi komxhuzulane. A356 uyaxolela; I-A357 inovakalelo ngakumbi kumazinga okupholisa. Ufunda oko ngokonakalisa iibhetshi ezimbalwa, ngokunyanisekileyo. Iqabane elinje I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), kunye nemvelaphi yabo yeminyaka engama-30 kuqokobhe kunye nokufakwa kotyalo-mali, bafumana oku ngokwethuku. Bayaqonda ukuba isinyithi sinenkumbulo kunye nomoya, nokuba igalelwe phantsi komxhuzulane, ivacuum, okanye uxinzelelo. Olo lwazi lwenkqubo enqamlezileyo yigolide.
Apho Machining Anqumlana ukuCasa
Olu luphawu olubalulekileyo oluye lwenziwa lula. Awukwazi ukuthetha ngayo umxhuzulane kufa amacandelo okuphosa ngaphandle kokuthetha ngesibonelelo somatshini kunye nokulungiswa. Umphezulu we-as-cast unokujongeka ulungile, kodwa usoloko ujongene ne-machining op ukuze ubethe izikhundla eziyinyani okanye ufumane indawo yokutywina. Ukuba ukujula kunoxinzelelo olushiyekileyo okanye ubulukhuni obungahambelaniyo obusuka ekupholiseni okungalinganiyo, uya kuyibona kwisixhobo sokusila se-CNC-incoko yesixhobo, idimensional drift, eyonakeleyo. Kuye kwafuneka ukuba siphumeze ibhetshi yonyango lobushushu loxinzelelo kwiindawo ezithile phambi kokuba baye kwiseli yomatshini, esingazange siyicaphule ekuqaleni.
Imodeli edibeneyo ye-QSY, apho baphatha khona zombini ukuphosa kunye ne CNC Machining phantsi kophahla olunye, kuphelisa umaleko omkhulu wokukhombana ngeminwe. Xa umatshini esezantsi eholweni esuka kwi-Foundry foreman, iingxaki zisonjululwa ngokukhawuleza. Ngaba isixhobo sikrazulwa ngenxa ye-microstructure yemathiriyeli okanye ngumba wesantya sokutya? Banokuyifumana kwiiyure, kungekhona iiveki zee-imeyile phakathi kwabathengisi abahlukeneyo. Kwinxalenye entsonkothileyo njengendlu yecompressor, apho ivolonti yangaphakathi idinga ukuphoswa kufutshane ne-net-shape kodwa igqitywe ngokugaya ngokuchanekileyo, oku kudityaniswa kuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukunyamezelana kokugqibela.
Ndikhumbula umzimba wempompo esiwenzayo, ialloyi esekwe kwi-nickel yokumelana nokugqwala. Umxhuzulane wasinika ingqibelelo ebesiyidinga ngaphandle kweziphithiphithi zoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Kodwa ubuso be-flange bekufuneka bube sicaba ngokupheleleyo. Imibalekiso yokuqala ijije kancinci emva komatshini. Ngenxa yokuba amaqela e-casting kunye ne-machining adibaniswe, ayeyilandelela emva kwendlela inxalenye ekhutshwe ngayo kwi-die-ejector pins yayibangela ukuphazamiseka okuncinci okubonakala kuphela emva kokuba ulusu lukhutshwe. Utshintsho oluncinci kulandelelwano lwe-ejection kunye nenkxaso kwi-machining fixture yayisombulula. Iinkampani ezimbini ezahlukeneyo beziza kuxinga kwilophu yetyala.
UKhetho lweMathiriyeli: Ayisiyo iAluminiyam kuphela
Umxhuzulane die casting ufumana pigeonholed njengenkqubo aluminiyam. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa ubuchule busebenza kuluhlu olubanzi. Senze imitsi eyimpumelelo ngeealloyi ezithile zobhedu kunye nemagnesium. Undoqo kukumanzi kwesinyithi kunye nendawo yokunyibilika xa kuthelekiswa nobomi bokufa. Ukuthululela i-alloy ye-bronze phantsi kwe-gravity yisilwanyana esahlukileyo-ixesha eliphezulu, ukukhawuleza kokufa, ukulawulwa kwe-oxide eyahlukileyo. Ungena kwezi zixhobo xa inxalenye ifuna iipropathi-ezifana ne-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal okanye ukuxhathisa okuthe ngqo-kunye nomthamo uqinisekisa iindleko zokufa phezu kokuphosa isanti.
Oku kuhambelana nento oyibonayo kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo efana ne-QSY. Umsebenzi wabo kunye intsimbi engenasici kunye nekhethekileyo ialloys esekwe cobalt kwi-investment casting yazisa indlela yabo yokufa kwezinye isinyithi. Bayaziqonda iimfuno zesakhiwo seenkozo. Kwinxalenye ye-gravity-cast enokuthi kamva ibone ukusebenza kwe-brazing okanye inkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu, olo lwazi lwesayensi yezinto eziphathekayo luchaza yonke into ukusuka kwi-alloy modification ukuya kumjikelo wonyango wokushisa. Asikokwenza nje imilo; bubunjineli imicrostructure.
Oku ndakufunda kabuhlungu kwasekuqaleni. Sineodolo yeepleyiti zokucima ubushushu ukusuka kwingxubevange yobhedu-chromium. Siyiphathe njenge-aluminiyam-uyilo olufanayo lokufa, ixesha lomjikelo ofanayo. Iziphumo zazimbi: ukuvalwa okubandayo kunye ne-porosity enkulu. I-thermal dynamics yahluke ngokupheleleyo. Kuye kwafuneka ukuba siphantse saphinda kabini iqondo lobushushu bangaphambi kobushushu kwaye siyiyila ngokutsha i-sprue ukuba ibe nkulu kwaye ishushu ukugcina ubunzima bobushushu. Yayisisifundo esineendleko eziphezulu ukuba awukwazi ukuba nendlela yokulinganisa yonke into, nangaphakathi kwendlela efanayo yokuphosa.
Umgibe oLungileyo owaneleyo kunye neeGate zoMgangatho
Kwimveliso, ngakumbi ngenkqubo ebonakala ngathi iqondile njengokuphosa umxhuzulane, kukho uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lokukhawulezisa imijikelo. Ngaba sinokulinciphisa ixesha lokupholisa ukufa ngemizuzwana eyi-10? Isekondi nganye egciniweyo yimali. Kodwa kulapho imigangatho yomgangatho wangaphakathi ikwenza okanye ikuphule. Ukuseka iindawo zokukhangela ezingaxoxisiyo-ukuhlolwa kwenqaku lokuqala, ukutshekishwa kwedayi ngamaxesha athile, ukuvavanywa kokungena kwedayi ngokwesampulu-kubamba ukukhukuliseka ngaphambi kokuba kube kukukhatywa kwebhetshi.
Kuthi, yonke into entsha umxhuzulane kufa amacandelo okuphosa Inkqubo inesicwangciso somgangatho esakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ivakala iyindinisa, kodwa inexabiso eliphantsi kunokusilela kwibala lomthengi. Inkampani enombono wexesha elide, njengembali ye-QSY yeminyaka engama-30, idla ngokubhakwa kwinkcubeko yabo. Bayibonile into eyenzekayo ngaphandle kwabo.
Ukusilela okuthe gqolo kum yayiyibhetshi yeengalo zomatshini wezolimo. Baphumelele iitshekhi ezibonakalayo kunye nemilinganiselo. Kodwa entsimini, baqalisa ukuqhekeka phantsi komthwalo. Uhlalutyo lwe-forensic lufumene ifilimu encinci ye-oxide ehlanganiswe kwindawo ephezulu yoxinzelelo-impazamo engabonakaliyo ngaphandle. Oyena nobangela? Isihlamba esigugile kancinane kwinkqubo yethu yokugalela ibibangela isiphithiphithi esincinci kodwa esingaguqukiyo. Ukusukela ngoko, sihlola kwaye sibuyisele ezo ndawo zisebenzisekayo zokugalela inkqubo kwishedyuli engqongqo, hayi xa zikhangeleka zimbi. Yinto engathandekiyo, ulondolozo olukhuselayo oluchaza ukuthembeka.
Ukujonga Phambili: Indima kuTyayinge loMveliso oluBanzi
Ke i-gravity die casting ihlala phi namhlanje? Ayisosisombululo esikhanyayo, esinevolumu ephezulu yamawaka eenxalenye ngosuku. Kwaye ayisosisombululo esiguqukayo esinye. Ithatha lo mhlaba ubalulekileyo uphakathi: ukuvelisa izinto ezomeleleyo, ezixineneyo, nezithembekileyo kwimiqulu ephakathi, eneempawu ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini kunye nokugqiba okuhle komphezulu. Ikamva layo libotshelelwe ekukhanyeni nasekudibaniseni. Sibona uyilo oluninzi apho iinxalenye ezininzi zidityanisiwe zibe yinto enye umxhuzulane kufa amacandelo okuphosa, ukuphelisa iindibano kunye neefasteners. Oko kufuna intsebenziswano esondeleyo phakathi komyili kunye nesiseko ukusuka kusuku lokuqala.
Yiyo loo nto ukusebenzisana nomnikezeli wenkonzo epheleleyo ingeloncedo nje; yinzuzo yeqhinga. Xa uzibandakanya neqela elinokuthi lijonge umzobo kwaye ucinge ngalo lonke uhambo-ukusuka kukhetho lwe-alloy olusekwe kwi-corrosion okanye iimfuno zobushushu (i-leveraging experience with ialloys ezikhethekileyo), ukuya kwinkqubo yokuphosa umxhuzulane ngokwawo, ukuya kwiifitsha zoomatshini bokugqibela kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho-ufumana inxalenye esebenzayo, kungekhona nje inxalenye ehambelana noshicilelo. Iwebhusayithi ye Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ukhankanya umsebenzi wabo ngaphakathi iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa kwaye utyalo mali ecaleni koomatshini. Loo nto indixelela ukuba bayawuqonda umfanekiso opheleleyo. Umyili unokuza kubo nombono, kwaye banokucebisa: Olu phawu lufaneleka ngcono utyalo-mali, kodwa lo mzimba uphambili kufuneka ube ngumxhuzulane wokufa uphoswe ngamandla kunye neendleko, kwaye nantsi indlela esiya kuyisebenza ngayo. Olo gwebo lupheleleyo yinto oyithengayo ngokwenene.
Ekugqibeleni, impumelelo ye-gravity die cast ayingokuqonda okuqaqambileyo. Kumalunga nokuhlonipha lonke uthotho lweziganeko-ukususela ngelixa i-alloy inyibilika ukuya kumzuzu owenziwe ngomatshini upakishwe. Yinkqubo yokulawula ukuqina, ulindelo olulawulwayo, kunye nengqalelo engapheliyo kwiinkcukacha ezincinci abantu abaninzi abangaze bazibone. Amacandelo aphuma kwelinye icala abubungqina obuthuleyo bokusila.
