Xa usiva 'i-alloy precision machining', iingqondo ezininzi zitsibela ngqo kumatshini-owona mva we-5-axis CNC, i-sub-micron tolerances. Leyo yinxalenye yayo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa yinxalenye elula. Ibali lokwenyani liqala kudala ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe indlela yesixhobo, kunye nezinto ngokwazo. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi zikhubeka ngenxa yokuba umntu wayala ibhloko ye-Inconel 718 okanye i-Hastelloy C-276 ecinga ukuba 'yintsimbi enzima'. Ayiyo. Lirhamncwa elahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukulenza luthethathethwano, hayi umyalelo.
Isiseko: Iqala ngokuCasa
Awukwazi ukuthetha malunga nokwenza ii-alloys ezingaqhelekanga ngaphandle kokuthetha malunga nokuba usifumana njani isitokhwe. Ibhilethi egqibeleleyo esuka kwilitye lokusila yinto enye, kodwa uninzi lwezinto ezintsonkothileyo, ngakumbi kumashishini afana neevalvu okanye oomatshini be-turbo, baqala njengokuphosa. Apha kulapho ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-Foundry kunye nevenkile yomatshini buba baluleke kakhulu. Ukuphosa okungahambi kakuhle, kunye nesakhiwo sokuziinkozo esingahambelaniyo okanye i-micro-porosity efihliweyo, iya kutshabalalisa izixhobo zakho kunye neshedyuli yakho kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-machinist yakho ilungile kangakanani.
Ndikhumbula umsebenzi kwiminyaka embalwa emva, uthotho lwezindlu zempompo kwi-duplex stainless. Imizobo ibifuna ingxubevange echanekileyo machining kubo bonke ubuso bokutywina. Iicastings zangena zivela kumthengisi ogxile kwixabiso, hayi inkqubo. Ngokubonakalayo, babelungile. Kodwa ngexesha lokudlula lokuqala elinzima, sabetha ukufakwa kwesanti. Emva koko enye. I inserts bezichipa ngathi ziphambene. Sichithe ixesha elingakumbi sihlola kwaye siwelda/silungisa iicastings kunokuba sizenze machine. Isifundo besinoburhalarhume: isakhono sakho soomatshini silawulwa ngumgangatho wemathiriyeli ekrwada. Kungenxa yoko le nto imisebenzi edibeneyo inomphetho. Inkampani elawula zombini ukuphosa kunye nomatshini, njenge Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), inokulungelelanisa iinkqubo ukusuka ekuqaleni. Iminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu kwiqokobhe kunye notyalo-mali luthetha ukuba bakha indawo yokwenziwa ukusuka kwinqanaba lepateni, esisisiqalo esikhulu sosomashishini.
Le synergy ayixoxiswana ngayo ialloys ezikhethekileyo. Nge-cobalt okanye i-nickel-based alloys, ehlala iphonswa kwiimilo ezikufutshane-netha ukugcina ixabiso elibi lezinto ezichithwayo, ingqibelelo yokuphosa yinto yonke. Nasiphi na isiphene sangaphakathi siba sisigcayiseli sokusila i-$200 ekupheleni.
Umdaniso wezixhobo: Akukho sicombululo sijikelezileyo
Akukho nqanaba lokufaka lomlingo 'super-alloy'. Nabani na othi uthengisa into ethile. Ukutshiza i-alloy esekelwe kwi-nickel efana ne-Inconel 625 yihlabathi elihlukileyo ekujonganeni ne-cobalt-chrome alloy efana ne-Stellite 6. Umsebenzi wangaphambili unzima njenge-crazy, efuna ukubandakanyeka rhoqo, ukubandakanyeka okunamandla ukuze ungene phantsi komgangatho onzima. Le yokugqibela ngakumbi malunga nokunxiba abrasive; iyakucotha ukucotha umgca wakho wokusika wehle ube yi-nub.
Sifunde oku ngovavanyo olubiza kakhulu kunye neempazamo. Kwibhetshi yezihlalo zevalvu e-Stellite, siqale nge-carbide yethu esemgangathweni ephezulu yokusebenza kwe-nickel alloys. Izixhobo zahlala malunga nemizuzu eyi-15. Utshintshelwe kwibakala elinobunzima obungakumbi, i-substrate enganyangekiyo kwi-abrasion kunye nokulungiswa komphetho obukhali. Ubomi baphinda kathathu. Kuvakala kulula xa ujonga umva, kodwa olo tshintsho lufuna inguqu ekucingeni: sasingagawuli, sasifana nokuqhekeka okulawulwayo. Uxinzelelo lokupholisa kunye nokuhanjiswa kuba yeyona nto iphambili apha. Inkqubo yokusonta ayiyonto ilula; kuphela kwendlela yokuthintela ukwanda kobushushu kwaye uhlambe iitshiphusi ezirhabaxa.
Ukuseta kubaluleke kakhulu njengesixhobo. Ubungqongqo asiyongcebiso nje; ngumthetho. Nayiphi na incoko kwi-cobalt alloy ayiyi kutshabalalisa ukuphela, iya kuqalisa ukuqhekeka okunokusasaza. Sisebenzisa izixhobo ze-monolithic kuphela kumsebenzi ogqityiweyo, akukho collet chucks. Iindleko ezongezelelweyo azinamsebenzi xa kuthelekiswa nokukrazula inxalenye esele ineeyure ezingama-20 zomatshini ezizisiwe kuyo.
Isantya vs. Uzinzo: Urhwebo olungunaphakade
Iincwadi ezifundisayo kunye nezantya zezi zixhobo zihlala ... zinethemba. Okanye bezeemeko ezifanelekileyo, ukubamba ngokugqibeleleyo, izixhobo ezitsha zoomatshini. Kumgangatho wevenkile, uyayicofa kwakhona. Ndingathanda ukubaleka kwi-70% ye-SFM yethiyori kwaye ndifumane ubomi besixhobo obunokuqikelelwa, obuthembekileyo beeyure ezisi-8 kunokutyhala ukukhutshwa kwentsimbi ephezulu kwaye ndibe nesixhobo esisilela ngentlekele ngo-3 AM. Ukuhambelana trumps isantya ekrwada kwi ngokuchanekileyo machining. Injongo kukubetha ezo zishumi (.0001) zokunyamezelana kwi-bore, kungekhona ukuphumelela ugqatso lwesantya.
Umba woLuntu: Idatha kunye nethuku
Umatshini we-CNC uyazenzekela, kodwa ii-alloys ezisebenzayo azinjalo. Umdwebi wenkqubo kufuneka aqonde ukuziphatha kwezinto, hayi ikhowudi ye-G kuphela. Umsebenzisi kufuneka aphulaphule i-cut-isandi se-nickel alloy eqala ukusebenza-nzima ine-whine ethile, ephakamileyo ethetha ukuba kufuneka ulungelelanise, ngoku. Ujonge umbala we-chip kunye nefom. Iitshiphusi eziBlue kwi-stainless? Kushushu kakhulu. Iichips ezinde, ezinentambo kwi-Inconel? I-chip breaker yakho ayisebenzi; lungiselela iindlwane zeentaka kunye nokusika kwakhona.
Apha kulapho amava avela kwisiseko sezinto ezibanzi ahlawula khona. Ivenkile ephethe yonke into ukusuka kwisinyithi ukuya kwi-superalloys ivelisa ithala lethuku. Bayazi ukuba i-316L ayinastainless inento yoku 'gum up' kwisixhobo, ifuna i-engile yeharika eyahlukileyo. Bayazi ukuba ukufudumeza kwangaphambili i-titanium alloy cast phambi komatshini kunokuphelisa uxinzelelo kwaye kuthintele ukugqwetheka emva komatshini. Oku akusoloko kukho kwimanyuwali; kulwazi olwabelwana ngalo emgangathweni. Inkampani efana ne-QSY, enembali yayo kwi intsimbi, intsimbi, intsimbi, kunye nealloyi ezikhethekileyo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ulwazi lwesizwe lwakhiwe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30. Luhlobo lwento ongenakuyithenga ngomatshini omtsha.
Uxwebhu lungundoqo, kodwa lolomntu. Sigcina amaphepha okubaleka kuwo wonke umsebenzi wealloyi-hayi nje iiparamitha eziyimpumelelo zokugqibela, kodwa iinzame ezingaphumeleliyo nazo. Izamile ukufaka ibakala XYZ, ayiphumelelanga ku-0.015 DOC ngenxa yokutshitshwa. Eli nqaku ligcina umfana olandelayo iwaka leedola kwisixhobo kunye neeyure ezine zokuphumla.
Ukuchaneka kumxholo: Wenza ntoni kanye kanye?
Ukuchaneka akulonani elingabonakaliyo. Ichazwa ngumsebenzi wenxalenye. Ibhleyidi yeinjini yomoya inokuba nonyamezelo oluqokelelweyo kwiprofayile yayo ye-airfoil ephambeneyo, kodwa iflange exhomayo isenokukhululeka. Ukuchaneka kwecandelo levalvu kumalunga nomphezulu wokutywina kunye nokuhamba okuphakathi; ezinye iimpawu zingabalulekanga kangako. Unikezela isicwangciso sakho somatshini kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lonyamezelo ngokufanelekileyo.
Ndasebenza kwicandelo lempompo yokulungisa imichiza, i-impeller enkulu eHastelloy C-22. Ukunyamezelwa komgangatho kwi-vanes kwakuqinile, kodwa olona celomngeni yayikukugqitywa komphezulu kwiipaseji zangaphakathi. Nakuphi na ukucwiliswa kwemingxuma emincinci kulawulo lwesixhobo esilambathayo kuya kuba yindawo yokubola kunye nokuqaliswa kokuqhekeka. Sichithe ixesha elingakumbi kusetyenziso lwendlela yesixhobo yokupasa kokugqiba kunakuwo wonke umjikelo onzima. I CNC Machining iqhinga lakhiwa ngasemva ukusuka kuloo mfuneko yokugqibela yemfezeko yomphezulu.
Apha kulapho udibaniso lokuphosa kunye nomatshini lubonisa ixabiso layo kwakhona. Ukuba i-Foundry inokuphosa umphezulu ogudileyo kwezo ndawo zinzima zangaphakathi, umsebenzi we-machinist uyafezekiswa. Ukuba abanako, unokujonga i-EDM okanye ukupolisha ngesandla, okuvuthela iindleko kunye nomgca wexesha ngaphandle. Yingxaki yeenkqubo.
Umgca osezantsi: Lawula iinguqu
Ekupheleni kosuku, impumelelo ingxubevange echanekileyo machining imalunga nokulawula iinguqu ezininzi kangangoko unako. Uqala ngokulawula umgangatho kunye nokuhambelana kwemathiriyeli ekrwada-nokuba sisitokhwe sebha okanye ukuphosa okuntsonkothileyo. Ulawula inkqubo ngokukhetha izixhobo kunye neeparameters ngokusekelwe kwindlela yokuziphatha ethile ye-alloy, kungekhona imigaqo jikelele. Ulawula okusingqongileyo ngoseto olungqongqo kunye nokupholisa okusebenzayo. Kwaye ulawula umphumo kunye nabantu abanamava abakwazi ukutolika idatha kwaye baphendule.
Ayingomsebenzi wokuseta-uze uyilibale. Kuhlala kukho ingxubevange entsha yealloyi, ijiyometri entsonkothileyo, ukunyamezelana. Iivenkile ezigcinayo, ezinokuthi zinikeze ngokuthembekileyo inxalenye esebenzayo ukusuka kwiprinta ye-cobalt-based alloy, yizona zihlonipha ikhonkco lonke, ukusuka kwi-melt ukuya ekuhlolweni kokugqibela. Abangoomatshini nje kuphela; bangabanini inkqubo. Kwaye loo nkqubo, ngokungafihlisiyo, yeyona nto uyihlawulelayo ngokwenene.
