Xa usiva 'iintlobo ze-sintering,' uninzi lweencwadi zokufunda lutsibela ngqo kwi-classic solid-state vs. umahluko wesigaba solwelo. Kulungile kwithiyori, kodwa kumgangatho wevenkile, olo khetho lokubini luziva luphantse lungabinangqondo. Esona sigqibo sokwenyani si-messier, siqhutywa ngumgubo we-alloy obambeke ngawo ngaloo ntsasa, inxalenye yejiyometri apho ubunjineli beyiphose nje eludongeni, kunye noxinzelelo olungagungqiyo olusuka kwimveliso ukubetha ekujoliswe kuko koxinzelelo ngaphandle kokuvuthela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwamandla. Ndibone uninzi lwabancinci belungiselela ukukhetha uhlobo 'lulungileyo' kwitshathi, kuphela ukuba iziko libalise ibali elahlukileyo. Makhe sithethe ngento eyenzekayo ngokwenene xa ucango lweziko luvalwa.
I-Solid-State Sintering: I-Workhorse kunye ne-Quirks zayo ezifihlakeleyo
Le yinto engagqibekanga, isiseko. Udibanisa umgubo ongaphantsi kwendawo yokunyibilika yeyona nto iphambili, uxhomekeke kusasazo lweatom. Kuninzi lwamacandelo ethu e-ferrous kwi-QSY, ngakumbi iindawo ezilula ezisuka kwintsimbi okanye i-low-alloy steel powders, kulapho siqala khona. Inkqubo ibonakala iqondile-i-ramp up, ibambe, ipholile. Kodwa umtyholi kwiinkcukacha, ngokukodwa ukulawula umoya. Fumana ukuvuza okuncinci kwiziko lakho lokucoca okanye i-hiccup kumxube wakho we-hydrogen/nitrogen, kwaye awujongi nje kwi-oxidation yomphezulu. Utshintsha i-diffusion kinetics kwimimandla yentamo phakathi kwamasuntswana, ekhokelela kwiibhondi ezibuthathaka kunye nenxalenye eya kusilela phantsi komatshini. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwibhetshi yezixhobo ezivaliweyo; ingxinano ye-sintered ibonakala ilungile kwingxelo, kodwa bancokola kwaye baphuka ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhombisa. Umoni? I-atmosfera ene-oxidizing kancinane edale ifilimu ebhityileyo, enqabileyo ye-oxide kwimida yengqolowa, engabonakali kwiitshekhi zokuxinana okusemgangathweni.
Izinga lokufudumeza lolunye utshintsho oluthe cwaka. Iigophe zeencwadi zokufunda zigudile. Ngokwenyani, ukuba unyuka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngeemilo ezithile ezidityanisiweyo, unokwenza uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olubangela ukucutheka kokwahluka okanye ukungqubana. Akukhona nje ukufikelela kwiqondo lobushushu lokufunxa; imalunga nendlela ofika ngayo apho. Kwiimilo ezintsonkothileyo sisebenza ngomatshini we-post-sintering, njengeminye imizimba yevalve yensimbi engenasici esiyibambayo, irempu elawulwayo, enamanqanaba amaninzi ayinakuxoxisana ukugcina uzinzo lwe-dimensional kwimisebenzi ye-CNC elandelayo.
Kwaye masingalibali umgubo ngokwawo. Ingqikelelo 'ecocekileyo' ye-solid-state sintering iba luzizi ngomgubo ofakwe ngaphambili. Nokuba kunezinto ezifana nenickel okanye ubhedu kumgubo wentsimbi, unokufumana izigaba zolwelo zexeshana zasekuhlaleni ukuba iqondo lobushushu lenzeka. Ke, ujonge imeko eqinileyo, kodwa kufuneka wazi ukuba unokuba udlala ngenye into. Yile ndawo engwevu eyahlula iresiphi kwinkqubo eyomeleleyo.
I-Liquid Phase Sintering: Apho Izinto Ziba Nomdla (kwaye Zincamathele)
Ngoku kulapho wazisa ngenkuthalo indawo esezantsi yokunyibilika. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo wongeza ubhedu kwintsimbi. Umbono umhle: iifom zolwelo, zimanzisa iinkozo eziqinileyo, kwaye ngesenzo se-capillary kunye nesisombululo-ukufumana kwakhona, ufumana uxinaniso olukhawulezayo. Inyani kumgca wemveliso yimfazwe eqhubekayo yokulwa nomxhuzulane kunye nexesha-ukwehla. Ukuba iqhekeza levolumu yolwelo liphezulu kakhulu okanye i-viscosity iphantsi kakhulu, indawo yakho ecinezelwe ngononophelo inokuhexa okanye iphulukane nokumila kwayo ezikweni. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yoxinaniso oluphezulu apho sasityhala umxholo wobhedu. Sifumene ukuxinana, kulungile, kodwa inxalenye yaphuma ibonakala njengekhandlela elibuhlungu, elinyibilikisiweyo. Kuye kwafuneka sicofe umva, samkele ingxinano yokuqala esezantsi kancinane ukusuka ekucinezeleni, kwaye sisebenzise iprofayile echaneke ngakumbi ye-sintering ukulawula ubude besigaba solwelo.
I-angle yokumanzisa yinto yonke. Ukuba ulwelo aluzimanzisi ngokufanelekileyo iinkozo eziziinkozo, zivelela ngaphakathi kwimibhobho endaweni yokuba lusasazeke ecaleni kwemida yeenkozo. Ugqiba ngokuba yedwa, iipores ezinkulu kunye namandla aphantsi. Le asiyonto nje iparameter yenzululwazi; ichatshazelwa zii-oxides ezingaphezulu, ukungcola okuncinci, kunye ne-atmosfera yeziko. Kwii-alloys ezikhethekileyo esisebenza nazo, njengezinye ezisekwe kwi-nickel, ukukhetha i-sintering aid echanekileyo bubugcisa obunini. Kuncinci malunga nokulandela incwadi yesandla kunye nokunye malunga novavanyo oluphindaphindiweyo, rhoqo ngentsebenziswano nabanikezeli bethu bomgubo.
Emva koko kukho i-microstructure. Ngokufakwa kwesigaba solwelo, uhlala ushiywe unesakhiwo esidibeneyo-iinkozo eziqinileyo ezingqongwe sisigaba esahlukileyo. Oku kunokuba kuhle ukuxhathisa ukunxiba okanye iipropathi ezithile zemagneti, kodwa itshintsha kakhulu indlela oomatshini abancinci. Xa icandelo lethu le-CNC kwi Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ufumana inxalenye engamanzi-isigaba sintered, i parameters machining (isantya, feed, isixhobo ibakala) ifuna uphononongo olupheleleyo xa kuthelekiswa nenxalenye eqinileyo-state sintered isixhobo isiseko efanayo. Ubunzima abufani, kwaye iipatheni zokunxiba izixhobo aziqikeleleki ukuba uyiphatha njengeqhekeza elilinganayo.
I-Sintering eNcedwa ngoxinzelelo: Ukutshintsha koMdlalo woXinano
Ngamanye amaxesha, i-sintering eqhelekileyo ayiyi kukufumana apho, ngakumbi uxinaniso olupheleleyo okanye ngemathiriyeli ekhohlisayo njengentsimbi ephikisayo okanye iiseramikhi ezithile. Kulapho ungenisa khona imipu emikhulu: uxinzelelo. I-Hot Pressing (HP) kunye ne-Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) ikwiligi eyahlukileyo. Asizisebenzisi ezi kumthamo ophezulu, iinxalenye ezinexabiso eliphantsi-ixesha lomjikelo kunye neendleko zezixhobo zibi kakhulu. Kodwa kwiprototype enye okanye icandelo elibalulekileyo kwi-alloy ekhethekileyo, njenge-cobalt-based alloy seal yeendawo ezigqithiseleyo, i-HIP ngumsindisi wobomi.
I-Hot Isostatic Pressing inomdla. Ubeka inxalenye eluhlaza kwi-can evaliweyo, uyikhuphe, kwaye uyibeke kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwegesi ye-isostatic (i-argon, ngokuqhelekileyo). Uxinzelelo luwela ii-pores zangaphakathi ukusuka kuzo zonke iindlela, ezikhokelela ekuxininiseni okukufutshane. Ukubanjwa? Inkqubo yokunkonkxa yindlela yobugcisa. Nakuphi na ukuvuza, kwaye igesi ingena, yonakalise inxalenye. Kwaye utshintsho lwe-dimensional luqikelelwa kakhulu kodwa alusoloko luncinci ukubuyisela kwisixhobo sokuqala. Sisebenzise i-HIP ekugxininiseni izinto ezintsonkothileyo zokuphosa utyalo-mali ngokunjalo, nto leyo eyenza mfiliba umgca phakathi kweendlela zokusasa kunye nobugcisa besinyithi somgubo.
Umda osebenzayo, ngaphaya kweendleko, yinxalenye yesayizi. Indalo yakho ichazwa yi-diameter kunye nokuphakama kwenqanawa yakho ye-HIP. Kwizinto ezinkulu, ubuyele ekujijiseni kunye ne-sintering eqhelekileyo kunye nokulalanisa kwayo. Sisixhobo, sinamandla kakhulu, kodwa ayisosisombululo sehlabathi.
I-Spark Plasma Sintering kunye namanye amaqhinga aNcedayo eNdleleni
Le zizinto zomda, zihlala zivalelwe kwiilebhu ze-R&D okanye imveliso ye-niche kakhulu. I-Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) okanye i-Field-Assisted Sintering Technique (FAST) isebenzisa i-pulsed current ngqo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-uniaxial. Intengiso enkulu sisantya-amazinga okufudumeza ngokukhawuleza okumangalisayo kunye namaxesha amafutshane okuhlala, anokuthi acinezele ukukhula okuziinkozo. Iqaqambile kwi-nanomaterials okanye igcina izakhiwo zomgubo ezizodwa.
Kodwa ukusuka kumbono wemveliso, kuyakhohlisa. Ukunyusa ngowona mqobo uphambili. Ukwenza iimilo ezinkulu nezintsokothileyo ngokufanayo ne-SPS ngumceli mngeni esisawujongile ecaleni. Omnye umba ngowokuba umjikelo okhawulezayo ngamanye amaxesha unokushiya uxinezeleko olushiyekileyo okanye udale ukuxinana kwemithamo ukuba uyilo lokufa kunye neendlela zangoku azigqibelelanga. Kwinkampani efana ne-QSY, egxile ekuhambiseni isakhi esithembekileyo kunye nezinto ezenziwe ngoomatshini, sibeka iliso eli nkqubela phambili ngokusondeleyo. Zinokuba zifanelekileyo kwiprojekthi yexesha elizayo ebandakanya i-novel alloy powder, kodwa okwangoku, zihlala zisisixhobo esikhethekileyo. Undoqo kukuba 'uhlobo' lokucula ayilokhetho nje; sisithintelo esichazwa sisixhobo onokufikelela kuso kunye nobungakanani bebhetshi yezoqoqosho.
Into Engahoywanga: Ukucula njengeNxalenye yeTyayini, hayi iSiqithi
Eli mhlawumbi lelona nqaku libalulekileyo ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-30 kweli shishini. Awunako ukwahlula inyathelo le-sintering. Ukuphumelela okanye ukusilela kwayo kumiselwa yinto eza ngaphambili nasemva kwayo. Iimpawu ze powder (ubungakanani bokusabalalisa, i-morphology, i-lubricant) ibeka isiteji. Indlela yokudibanisa (i-uniaxial, isostatic, i-injection yensimbi yokubumba) ichaza ubuninzi obuluhlaza kunye nesakhiwo se-pore i-sintering kufuneka isebenze nayo.
Kwaye ngokubalulekileyo, yintoni eza emva kwayo? Ukuba inxalenye iya ngqo kwinkonzo, i-sintering kufuneka ihambise iipropati zokugqibela. Kodwa kwi-QSY, uninzi lweendawo zethu ezicutshungulwe ngumgubo ziba ngoomatshini ababalulekileyo be-CNC. Indawo engacocekanga kakuhle inokuba ne-porosity engaphantsi komhlaba okanye ubunzima obungahambelaniyo, okuya kubangela ukwaphuka kwesixhobo, ukugqitywa komphezulu omdaka, kunye neendawo ezilahliweyo ngexesha lomatshini-ukuchitha lonke ixabiso elongeziweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwelo nqanaba. Iprofayile ye-sintering kufuneka iphuhliswe kunye ne-machinist engqondweni. Ngamanye amaxesha, kungcono ukuntywila kuxinaniso olusezantsi kancinci olufana kakhulu, luyimatshini, kwaye emva koko usebenzise utyando lwesibini olufana nobushushu obuphantsi okanye unyango olungaphezulu ukubetha ii-specs zokugqibela.
Ekugqibeleni, isithando somlilo ngokwaso yinkqubo ephilayo. I-refractory lining iyancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha, ichaphazela ukufana kwe-thermal. Ubudala bezinto zokufudumeza. I-Thermocouples iyahamba. 'Uhlobo' lokucula ayisiyondlela yokupheka emileyo; yinkqubo ephilayo efuna ukujongwa rhoqo kunye nohlengahlengiso. Abona basebenzi babalaseleyo endibaziyo banemvakalelo yeziko labo-bayabaphulaphula, babukele umbala wamalungu aphumayo, kwaye banxulumanise oko kunye nedatha yedatha. Kukudityaniswa kwesayensi, intuition yezixhobo, kunye nokuqonda lonke ikhonkco lokuvelisa elijika inkcazo ye-sintering ibe yinkqubo ethembekileyo, yosuku-ngaphakathi, yemveliso yosuku. Kuncinci malunga nokukhetha uhlobo kwaye ngaphezulu malunga nokubamba izinto eziguquguqukayo ngaphakathi kohlobo olufunwa yiprojekthi yakho.
