Uyabona i-ASTM A747 iza kumzobo okanye kwiphepha elithile, kwaye abantu abaninzi ngokukhawuleza bayigalela kunye namanye amabanga angenaziphene. Yimpazamo yokuqala leyo. Ayiyo '17-4PH enye indlela' okanye i-generic 'stainless casting' callout. I-nuance ikwi-'CB' kunye ne-'CX' yokutyunjwa-CB7Cu-1 kunye ne-CB7Cu-2. I-'Cu' yinto ephiweyo. Olo kudibanisa ubhedu yinto eyenza ukuba iziphathe ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngexesha lonyango lobushushu, kwaye ngokuphandle, kulapho uninzi lwee-foundries kunye neevenkile zoomatshini zikhubeka ukuba azicofelwanga. Yimpahla efuna intlonipho kwinkqubo yayo, hayi nje iimpawu zayo zokugqibela.
Inyaniso yoMgangatho weFoundry ene-A747
Ukuphosa amabakala e-CB7Cu akufani nokugalela i-304 okanye i-17-4. I-fluidity iyahluka, iimpawu zokuncipha zibonakala ngakumbi. Kuya kufuneka ulumke ngokungena kwakho kunye nokunyuka. Kwangoko, saba nebhetshi ye-investment cast valve bodies-complex, into thin-section-section-ehlala ibonisa i-micro-porosity kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo kwi-X-ray. Besisebenzisa indlela eqhelekileyo yokondla esebenze ku-316. Yasilela kakubi apha. Ingxaki yayingekokucoceka; yayilulawulo lokuqinisa. Kwafuneka siyiyile ngokutsha yonke inkqubo yokutya, songeza ngakumbi, kodwa ezincinci, izinyusi kwiindawo ezithile ukukhuthaza ukuqina komkhombandlela ngakumbi. Oko kwayisombulula, kodwa yongeza iindleko kunye nobunzima. Lulo ke urhwebo-off kunye I-ASTM A747.
Enye inyani yintsebenziswano yonyango lobushushu. Awunako ukwahlula inkqubo yokuphosa kwisisombululo esilandelayo sokunciphisa kunye nokuguga. Imeko ye-as-cast sisisombululo esinyangwayo ukuba uyipholise ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ukusuka kumngundo, kodwa usafuna eso sisisombululo sisesikweni sokunyibilikisa yonke into kwakhona. Ukuba imilinganiselo yakho yokupholisa kwiqokobhe okanye ukungunda ayihambelani, usenokuba nemvula esele yenze ngokungalinganiyo. Emva koko, isisombululo sakho esilandelayo sinokuthi singabi ne-homogenize ngokupheleleyo isakhiwo. Sifunde ukulandelela amazinga okupholisa kwiprototype castings kunye ne-thermocouples. Kwavakala ngathi kukutya kakhulu ngelo xesha, kodwa yasinika idatha yokulungelelanisa amaxesha ethu okushukuma kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba unyango lokugqibela lobushushu luqikeleleke ngakumbi.
kunye noomatshini? Yibhere ekwimeko efakwe kwisisombululo-intsika, inentambo, kwaye iyasebenza-yenza nzima ngathi iyaphambana. Ngokuqinisekileyo ufuna ukuwenza umatshini ukwimeko yokugqibela yobudala. Kodwa kuya kufuneka uphendule ngokutshintsha kwe-dimensional ukusuka ekugugeni. Ayinkulu, kodwa kumacandelo anonyamezelwano oluqinileyo kwiinqwelomoya ezininzi, kwanele ukulahla indawo. Sakha inyathelo lomatshini orhabaxa wangaphambi kokuguga, sishiye malunga ne-0.5mm kwicala ngalinye, emva koko sibudala, sigqibezele umatshini. Ukuzama ukubetha unyamezelo olumalunga ne-±0.025mm ngokwenza iminyaka yangaphambi kwexesha kwaye unethemba lokuba ayishukumi linyathelo lesidenge. Ndikhe ndasisidenge. Amaphepha edatha akunika i-coefficient, kodwa ukunyakaza kwangempela kuxhomekeke kwinxalenye yejometri-amacandelo atyebileyo vs. Lulwazi lwamava.
I-CX vs. CB: I-Corrosion Trade-Off
I-spec ihlanganisa zombini i-CB7Cu-1 kunye ne-CB7Cu-2. Ubulumko obuqhelekileyo kukuba iCX (CB7Cu-2) inokumelana nokugqwala okungcono ngenxa yechromium ephezulu. Yinyaniso leyo, ngokubanzi. Kodwa kungcono xa kuthelekiswa. Ukuba ufuna ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo okugqwesileyo, akufanelanga ukuba ujonge imvula-ukuqina kwe-stainless kwasekuqaleni. Ixabiso le I-ASTM A747 ludibaniso lwayo lokuxhathisa okunesidima kwi-corrosion kunye namandla aphezulu kakhulu avela kunyango olulula, oluphantsi-lugqwethekileyo lobushushu.
Sinikeze uluhlu lwe-CB7Cu-1 (eyona nto ixhaphakileyo, inguqulo ephantsi ye-corrosion) i-impellers yepompo yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ane-brackish. Umxhasi ekuqaleni wagxininisa kwibakala le-CX, ecaphula iitafile zomhlwa. Emva kokuphonononga indawo yokwenene yenkonzo-ukuhamba okuhambayo, ukuchithwa kwamaxesha athile, i-chlorides malunga ne-1000 ppm-saxoxa nge-CB. Ukuqiqa kwakungamandla. I-impellers yayiphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-centrifugal kunye nokuguguleka kwe-cavitation. Uxhathiso olungcono kancinane lweCX yayingeyiyo into ethintelayo; amandla omatshini kunye nokuchasana nokudinwa kwi-bubbles cavitation yayi. I-CB7Cu-1, eneminyaka yobudala be-H900, yanika amandla aphezulu esivuno. Siqhube iikhuphoni zomhlwa kwindawo eyifanisiweyo kangangeentsuku ezingama-30. Amalungu e-CB abonise ukukhanya okuncinci, okufanayo, akukho mgodi. Yadlula. Umxhasi ugcinwe kwiindleko zezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye sinqande ukusilela kokudinwa okunokwenzeka. Imalunga nokuthelekisa ipropati kwindlela yokusilela, hayi ukukhetha elona nani liphezulu kwiphepha ledatha.
Kulapho iqabane elinamava ezinto ezinzulu libalulekile. Ivenkile egawula intsimbi isenokuwabona amabakala amabini njengokutshintshana ngaphandle kwekhemistri. Azikho. Impendulo yonyango lokushisa iyahluka kancinane, utshintsho lwe-machinability, kwaye imvulophu yokusebenza yokugqibela iyahluka. Nge Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye neminyaka engamashumi amathathu ekujuleni nasekusebenzeni ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo, olu luhlobo lwesigwebo olwenzeka imihla ngemihla. Ayikokuba nephepha elithile; imalunga nokuba nedatha yembali evela kwiindawo ezifanayo ukwazisa ukhetho phakathi kweCB kunye neCX.
Uhlalutyo lokungaphumeleli: Xa i-Castings eLungileyo ihamba kakubi
Ezona zifundo zifundisayo zivela kwiintsilelo. Sasinebhetshi yezibiyeli zolwakhiwo, eziphoswe kwi-CB7Cu-1, ephumelele yonke i-NDT kunye novavanyo lomatshini kodwa yasilela kwinkonzo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ngokuqhekeka okubuhlungu. Classic fatigue crack ukuqaliswa kunye nokusasazwa. Umoni? Ukugqitywa komphezulu kwiradiyasi. Umzobo wabiza i-fillet ye-3mm, kodwa i-as-cast surface kuloo fillet yayinzima-mhlawumbi iRa 12.5 microns okanye ngaphezulu. Kumandla aphezulu, izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu njengobudala I-ASTM A747, ukungafezeki komphezulu zizinto ezinamandla zokugxininisa uxinzelelo. Inxalenye yadibana noshicilelo ngokobukhulu, kodwa imfuno esebenzayo yendlela egudileyo yoxinzelelo-hambo ayihlangabezwanga.
Sayitshintsha indlela esasisebenza ngayo emva koko. Ngoku, kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye ye-A747 ephantsi kolayisho lomjikelo, sichaza umphezulu owenziwe ngomatshini (iRa 3.2 okanye ngaphezulu) kuzo zonke iiradio ezibalulekileyo kunye notshintsho, nokuba ushicilelo aluyibizi ngokucacileyo. Siza kuyicaphula njengomsebenzi wesibini oyimfuneko. Ngamanye amaxesha injineli ibuyisela umva kwiindleko, kwaye sibabonisa iifoto ezinkulu zemvelaphi yokwaphuka. Oko kudla ngokuyiphelisa ingxubusho. Amandla aphezulu ezinto eziphathekayo asebenza ngokuchasene nawe ukuba ushiya ukunyuka koxinzelelo.
Enye indlela yokungaphumeleli yi-hydrogen embrittlement. Oku akukuphela kwe-A747, kodwa ngenxa yokuba isetyenziswa rhoqo kwizicelo zamandla aphezulu, umngcipheko uphakanyisiwe. Siye sadibana nale nto kwinxalenye efuna i-plating yokumelana nokunxiba. Inkqubo yokucwenga yazisa i-hydrogen, kwaye ukubhaka okuphantsi kobushushu obuphantsi koncedo lwe-hydrogen kwakunganelanga kubunzima obuthile (HRC 45) esasinabo. Amalungu adlula i-QC kodwa ayiphumelelanga phantsi komthwalo kwindibano. Ulungiso belulude, umjikelo wokubhaka oshushu, ongqinwe ngovavanyo oluzinzileyo lomthwalo kwiisampulu zesampulu. Yongeza inyathelo, kodwa yayingaxoxiswana. Inkcazo ayinakucacisa oku kulo lonke inyathelo elinokwenzeka emva kokulungiswa, ke kuya kufuneka ukwazi unxibelelwano.
Machining kunye nokugqiba Nuances
Makhe sithethe ngokusuka kwindawo ekrwada ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo. Njengoko benditshilo, ukwenza umatshini emva kokuguga yeyona ndlela ilungileyo. Sebenzisa i-ceramic okanye i-CBN ukufaka ukugqiba; i-carbide iyasebenza kodwa inxiba ngokukhawuleza ngenxa ye-abrasiveness yesakhiwo esinzima. Ukupholisa kubalulekile—yikhukulise. Kufuneka uthwale ubushushu kude, hayi nje ukuthambisa. Sibe nempumelelo ngeenkqubo zokupholisa zoxinzelelo oluphezulu zokomba umngxuma onzulu kula mabanga, ukuthintela ukuwelda kwetshiphu kunye nokusebenza lukhuni kumngxuma.
Ukugaya kunye ne-EDM zii-ops eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo. Ukusila kufuna amavili athambileyo kunye nokudlula okulula ukuphepha ukutshisa. Ukutshiswa kwindawo engu-A747 kunokudala indawo enomsindo ogqithisileyo oyindawo ebuthathaka. Kwi-EDM, i-recast layer yinkxalabo. Iqinile, ibhityile, kwaye ihlala iqhekeziwe kancinci. Kufuneka isuswe, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuhamba kwe-abrasive ukukhanya okanye ukupolishwa kwesandla, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinobungozi bokudinwa. Awukwazi nje i-EDM kwaye uyibize ukuba yenziwe. Ndibone iindawo apho i-EDM i-recast layer ingasuswanga, kwaye isebenze njengendawo yokuqalisa yoxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking kwindawo ye-chloride. Eli candelo lalikhangeleka ligqibelele kodwa lalichaphazelekile.
Esi sixhobo esihlanganisiweyo-ukusuka kwigobolondo okanye ukuphosa utyalo-mali ngokusebenzisa i-CNC echanekileyo kunye ne-post-processing enolwazi-yinto eyahlula umthengisi wecandelo kumnikezeli wezisombululo. Inkampani efana QSY, ephethe yonke into esuka kwi-melt ithululela kwi-deburring yokugqibela phantsi kophahla olulodwa, inenzuzo enkulu kunye nezinto ezifana nale. Bangakwazi ukulawula izinto eziguquguqukayo kwaye balandele amanyathelo enkqubo, ukuqonda ukuba utshintsho kwizinga lokupholisa lokupholisa lunokuchaphazela njani ukulungelelanisa imisebenzi emibini phantsi komgca. Ulahlekelwa yiloo msonto xa uthumela i-cast ekrwada kubathengisi abathathu abahlukeneyo.
Isizathu Sokuba Inyamezele Kumashidi Akhethekileyo
Ke ngazo zonke ezi zinto zintsonkothileyo, kutheni kunjalo I-ASTM A747 qhubeka? Kuba xa ufuna ukugalelwa okunokuthi kuphathwe ubushushu ukuya kwi-1300 MPa amandla esivuno ngokugqwetheka okuncinci, inokumelana nokugqwesa okufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso, kwaye inokuveliswa kwiijometri ezintsonkothileyo, ezinye iindlela zilinganiselwe. Ungaya kwintsimbi yokujija, kodwa emva koko i-corrosion resistance resistance. Ungasebenzisa i-duplex engenastain, kodwa awuyi kufumana elo nqanaba lamandla. Unokwenza ukusuka kwisitokhwe sebha, kodwa uphulukana nenkululeko yoyilo kwaye uhlala ungenisa iindleko ezingaphezulu kwinkunkuma yomatshini.
Yi-niche, kodwa ibalulekile. Cinga ii-actuator ze-aerospace, amacandelo evalvu esebenza kakhulu, iinxalenye zempompo kwicandelo lamandla, kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Ayiyomathiriyeli yempahla eninzi. Ixabiso layo likwiipropati ezilungiselelweyo. Undoqo kuye nabani na osebenza nayo kukuyeka ukucinga ngayo njengentsimbi nje engenasici. Cinga njengenkqubo: i-chemistry ethile, inkqubo yokuphosa elawulwa ngokuqinileyo, i-protocol yonyango yokushisa engenakuxoxwa, kunye ne-machining & finishing isicwangciso esenzelwe i-alloys yamandla aphezulu. Uphose ikhonkco elinye, kwaye ikhonkco liyasilela.
Ekugqibeleni, impumelelo nge-A747 yehla ekuhlonipheni inkqubo. Ayisiyonto onokuyiphiko. Udinga idatha, ufuna ireferensi yezembali, kwaye ufuna amaqabane abaye bahamba ngokuphindaphindiweyo-izinto ezintle kunye ezimbi-ukwazi apho imigibe efihliweyo iphi. Leyo yindleko yangempela yezinto eziphathekayo: kungekhona ixabiso lekhilogram ye-alloy, kodwa utyalo-mali kulwazi lwenkqubo ukwenza ukuba lusebenze njengoko lupapashwa.
