Xa usiva 'umkhono we-bushing', abaninzi bacinga ukuba yintsimbi nje elula, i-spacer. Yimpazamo yokuqala leyo. Ngokwenyani, licandelo elichazwa ngokupheleleyo ngomsebenzi walo ngaphakathi kwendibano, kwaye ukufumana loo msebenzi ulungile kulapho amashumi eminyaka esiseko kunye namava omatshini ahlawula okanye akushiye nephepha elibiza imali eninzi. Ndibone imizobo emininzi kakhulu apho ikhwelo lonyamezelo lwe umkhono wehlathi I-OD iqina kunokuba kuyimfuneko, ngelixa i-bore finish okanye i-spec yemathiriyeli iyingcamango yamva. Oko kungafani phakathi kwenjongo yoyilo kunye nenyani enokwenziwa kulapho iingxaki ziqala khona.
Isixhobo singaphezulu kunePhepha eliKhethekileyo
Ukhetha imathiriyeli ye umkhono wehlathi ngokusekelwe kwinto ekufuneka yenziwe, hayi nje into enexabiso eliphantsi okanye ekhoyo. Umkhono wepivot yezolimo enomthwalo ophezulu, ejikeleza kancinci? Intsimbi ye-1045, iqinile, inokuba igqibelele. Kodwa kwi-shaft yepompo kwindawo yeekhemikhali, ukubetha kwi-sleeve yensimbi ye-carbon standard kuyindlela yokupheka ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuhlutha. Kulapho ulwazi lwe-alloy oluvela kumthengisi ofana ne-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) iba yinto ebalulekileyo. Baye bajongana nentsimbi etyhidiweyo, i-stainless, kunye nezo zikhethekileyo ze-nickel okanye i-cobalt-based alloys iminyaka engama-30. Umahluko awukho nje ukuxhathisa umhlwa; imalunga ukwandiswa thermal umahluko, ukuxhathisa galling ngokuchasene izinto shaft, kunye nendlela izinto eziziphatha phantsi komthwalo oqhubekayo.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yomenzi we-hydraulic cylinder. Umkhono wawungowomkhokheli. Baqale bachaza isinyithi esiqhelekileyo se-ductile. Yayisebenza kakuhle, kodwa kuvavanyo lwasendle phantsi komthwalo osecaleni kunye nefuthe, yaphuhlisa iintanda zeenwele. Uhlalutyo lokungaphumeleli lubonise amandla okukhathala. Sitshintshele kwi-high-grade, intsimbi ye-alloy ephethwe ngubushushu ukusuka kwipotifoliyo ye-QSY, abanokuthi bayenze bobabini kunye nomatshini. Iindleko zinyukile, kodwa amabango ewaranti aye ehla ukuya ku-zero. Isifundo ibikukuba ukhetho lwemathiriyeli ye-bushing alunto nje; ithatha inxaxheba kwimo yokusilela.
Enye i-nuance yinkqubo yokuphosa ngokwayo. Kwimikhono entsonkothileyo yejiyometri eneegalari zangaphakathi okanye iiflange, ukungunda kweqokobhe okanye utyalo-mali oluvela kwingcaphephe kudla ngokuvelisa imilo ekufutshane nenethi kunokuzama ukuyikhupha yonke kwibha eqinileyo. Oku kunciphisa inkunkuma yomatshini kwaye kunokuphucula ukuhamba kweenkozo kwintsimbi. Ukujonga indawo yabo ku-https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, unokubona ukuba badibanisa ukuphosa kunye nomatshini we-CNC. Olo manyano lungundoqo. Kuthetha ukuba umntu owenza i-bore uyasiqonda ulusu lokuphosa kunye ne-porosity enokubakho, ukuze akwazi ukuseta izixhobo zakhe kunye nokutya ukuze aphendule ngayo, eqinisekisa ukuba i-ID yokugqibela icocekile kwaye iyinyani.
I-Devil's in the Dimensions (kunye nokuGqibela)
Ukunyamezela umkhono we-bushing ngumsebenzi wokuqonda yonke i-stack-up. I-OD icinezela-ingene kwizindlu, i-ID eqhuba ukukhutshwa kwe-shaft, i-concentricity phakathi kwezi zibini, kunye nesikwere sobuso. Iyavakala isisiseko, kodwa ndibone iindibano zibopha ngenxa yokuba umkhono, xa ucinezelekile kwizindlu zawo, ugqwethekile kancinane, ujike ibhore engqukuva ngokugqibeleleyo ibe yi-oval efihlakeleyo. Ukulungiswa? Ngamanye amaxesha ilungisa uphazamiseko lwe-press-fit, ngamanye amaxesha luchaza ukunyanzeliswa kobushushu bokunciphisa uxinzelelo emva komatshini, okanye ngamanye amaxesha i-machining bore emva kokuba umkhono ucinezelwe kwindawo yezicelo ezibalulekileyo.
Ukugqitywa komphezulu kwi-ID ngomnye umbulali othuleyo. Irhabaxa kakhulu, kwaye ifana nelaphu, inxibe ishaft. Igudile kakhulu (kwaye ewe, kukho into enjalo), kwaye ayiyi kugcina ifilimu yokuthambisa. Ukugqitywa okuhlonitshwayo okanye okukruqukileyo kwi-Ra ethile kuqhelekileyo, kodwa isalathiso samanqaku esixhobo sibalulekile. Kufuneka ziqhube ngokufanelekileyo nge-axially ukunceda ekusasazeni i-lubricant, hayi ngokujikeleza. Olu luhlobo lweenkcukacha ozichazayo kuphela xa ubonile iipateni zokunxiba ukuba zingahambi kakuhle.
Ubude kunye nobukhulu bodonga buhlala bunganakwa. Umkhono omfutshane kakhulu kumsebenzi wawo wesikhokhelo awukwazi ukuphantsi komthwalo. Udonga olubhityileyo kakhulu luya kuphambuka, luphulukane nokuphazamiseka kwalo. Kukho izibalo ezisisiseko, kodwa amava akunika imvakalelo. Kwisicelo esinzima, andifane ndiye ngaphantsi kobukhulu bodonga obuyi 1/8 ubuncinane bombhobho wedayamitha, elungelelaniselwe ukomelela. Sisiqalo, asingomthetho, kodwa sivela ekujongeni iindawo ezaphukileyo.
Xa iSleeve Ayisiyiyo nje iSleeve: Ukudityaniswa kunye noMsebenzi
Ayizizo zonke ii-sleeves ze-bushing ezilula iisilinda. Ezinye zifakwe kwindawo ye-axial. Abanye banegrooves yeO-amakhonkco okanye amajelo egrisi. Abanye bahlukana (iibheringi zemikhono, ngokwenene). Indlela yokuvelisa itshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Umkhono onomjiko unokuba ngcono njengokuphosa ukuphepha ukuwelda. Ukucoca ubunzulu, amazibuko egrisi anobubanzi obuncinci kufuna isixhobo esifanelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo lokupholisa ukunqanda ukophula i-drill ngaphakathi kwenxalenye-ukulibaziseka okudanisayo kunye neendleko eziphezulu.
Ndasebenza kwindibano yecompressor apho umkhono wehlathi yayinomqolo oyile kwi-ID. Uyilo lwafuna ukuba yenziwe ngoomatshini emva kokufakwa. Nangona kunjalo, imathiriyeli yezindlu kunye nezixhobo zemikhono zenziwe ngemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo, ekhokelela kubunzulu obungahambelaniyo begroove. Isisombululo, esenziwe kunye neqela lomatshini, ibikukwenza umatshini kwangaphambili umsele ube ngaphantsi kancinci kumkhono wedwa, emva koko wenze ipasi lokugqibela emva kofakelo. Yongeza inyathelo kodwa ukusebenza okuqinisekisiweyo. Apha kulapho isakhono somatshini somthengisi we-CNC, njengale ibonelelwa yi-QSY, iinguqulelo ukusuka kwinkonzo esisiseko ukuya kwintsebenziswano yokusombulula iingxaki.
Ukudityaniswa kokuphosa kunye nomatshini phantsi kophahla olunye, njengoko kubonwa ngeQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology, kunciphisa ezi mpazamo ze-handoff. Ingcibi ye-machinist ayifumani ibhokisi emnyama engaqondakaliyo kwi-Foundry; bayinxalenye yokuhamba kwenkqubo efanayo. Oku kulawula izinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana nokungaguquguquki kwedatum ukusuka kwindawo engenanto ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo, ebaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo apho amakhulu ambalwa e-millimeter achaza impumelelo okanye ukusilela.
Iintsilelo Nezinto Ezizifundisayo
Awona maxesha afundisayo avela kukungaphumeleli. Enye yeklasikhi yi-corrosion ephazamisayo. Umkhono one-press-fit echanekileyo, kwizinto ezifanelekileyo, usasilela. Ngoba? Kuba phantsi komthwalo we-cyclic vibrational, intshukumo ye-microscopic iyenzeka kumdibaniso phakathi komkhono we-OD kunye ne-ID yendlu. Oku kunxiba umaleko okhuselayo weoksidi, uveza isinyithi esitsha, i-oxidizes, kwaye iphinda. Isiphumo singumgubo ococekileyo, onqabileyo okhulula ukulungelelanisa. Ukulungiswa kunokubandakanya unyango olwahlukileyo lomphezulu kwi-OD, njenge-phosphating, okanye ukusebenzisa i-compound egcinayo ukongeza kwi-press fit.
Olunye ukusilela kukutshixa kwe-thermal. Kwisicelo esiphezulu sokushisa, ukuba i-sleeve kunye ne-shaft material ine-coefficients eyahlukeneyo yokwandiswa kwe-thermal, i-coefficient egqibeleleyo ye-thermal clearance ingajika ibe yisiphazamiso kwi-temp yokusebenza, ibambe i-shaft. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu kwi-turbine axiliary drive. Umkhono wensimbi engenasici wanda ngaphezu kwe-carbon steel shaft. Ubalo luphoswe kuphinda-phindo loyilo lokuqala. Yayifuna i-spec egcweleyo: i-alloy eyahlukileyo yomkhono ukuze ifanise ngcono izinga lokwandiswa kwe-shaft.
Ezi ayizongxaki zethiyori. Zizizathu zokuba kutheni i-30 yeminyaka ye-QSY ikhankanya ayisiyiyo nje ikopi yokuthengisa. Yindawo yokugcina yezifundo ezifundiweyo kumawaka ezinto eziphoswe ngoomatshini kunye noomatshini, apho a umkhono wehlathi yayilikhonkco elibalulekileyo kwikhonkco. Loo mava azisa imibuzo abayibuzayo xa befumana umzobo: Ithini indawo yokusebenza? Yintoni into yokukhwelana? Ngaba oku kukulungelelaniswa, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, okanye zombini?
I-Pragmatic Takeaway
Ke, xa ucacisa okanye ukhangela umkhono we-bushing, hamba ngaphaya koshicilelo olulula. Yicinge njengojongano lwenkqubo. Izinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zikhethwe kuwo wonke umjikelo womsebenzi-umthwalo, isantya, ubushushu, indawo. Imilinganiselo kufuneka iphendule ukuguqulwa kwendibano kunye nemiphumo ye-thermal. Inkqubo yokuvelisa kufuneka ikwazi ukuhambisa ijometri efunekayo kwaye igqibe ngaphandle kokunciphisa uxinzelelo okanye iziphene.
Ukusebenzisana nomvelisi olawula zombini i-metallurgy (ngokuphosa) kunye nomatshini ochanekileyo luncedo olukhulu. Ivumela ukuphonononga impendulo. Umzekelo, oomatshini banokuxelela isiseko ukuba i-alloy ethile ihlala ibangela ukunxitywa kwesixhobo, ikhuthaza uphononongo lonyango lobushushu okanye enye ingcebiso. Oku kusebenzisana, ukusombulula iingxaki kumgangatho womhlaba yinto eyahlula icandelo elisebenzayo elithembekileyo.
Ekugqibeleni, umkhono we-bushing uyingxenye ethobekileyo. Kodwa ukuthobeka kwayo kuyakhohlisa. Impumelelo yayo izolile kwaye ayibonwa; ukungaphumeleli kwayo kukhulu kwaye kuyabiza. Ukuyilungisa kukudibanisa i-physics echanekileyo, i-metallurgy ebonakalayo, kunye nokuveliswa okuchanekileyo-umxube ojika intsimbi elula ibe yinto ethembekileyo yobunjineli.
