Xa umntu esithi 'inxalenye yentsimbi', uninzi lucinga ngegaqa elinzima, elishwabeneyo, elimnyama. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Enyanisweni, yenziwe kakuhle inxalenye yentsimbi licandelo lobunjineli kunye ne-microstructure ethile, ekhethwe kungekuphela nje ngexabiso eliphantsi kodwa ngenxa yesakhono sayo sokumanzisa, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, kwaye ewe, ukubunjwa kwayo kwiimilo ezintsonkothileyo. Iqhinga alikho ekukhetheni ukusebenzisa intsimbi; kukwazi ukuba leliphi ibakala—intsimbi engwevu, intsimbi edityanisiweyo, intsimbi ethambileyo—kwaye emva koko ujonge ikhulu lezigqibo ezincinane ezikwindawo yokusekwa kunye noomatshini abahlula iqhekeza elisebenzayo nelisebenza kakhulu. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi lusilele kuba bachaze 'intsimbi yokuphosa' kumzobo kwaye bayishiya apho.
Kutheni i-Shell Ukubunjwa kukuTshintsho-Mdlalo kwi-Precision Castings
Ukugalelwa kwesanti kwenza umsebenzi wenziwe, kodwa ukuphinda-phinda kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu inxalenye yentsimbi iibhetshi, iqokobhe lokungunda lidla ngokuba ligorha elingaqanjwanga. Isanti egqunywe ngentlaka yenza iqokobhe elibhityileyo, eliqinileyo elijikeleze ipateni, likunika umngxuma wokungunda ochane ngakumbi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kumalungu afuna isibonelelo esincinci somatshini. Sithetha ngeeyure zokugcina kwi-CNC kamva. Kwindawo yethu, ukuxhomekeka kakhulu ekubunjweni kweqokobhe kwizinto ezifana nemizimba yevalve yehydraulic okanye izindlu zokumpompa kwintsimbi engwevu, ukuhambelana ukusuka kwisiqwenga sokuqala ukuya kwiwaka yinto abathengi abahlawula ngayo. Inciphisa ukuguquguquka kwinkqubo esele iguquguquka-nzima.
Yintoni embi? Iipateni. Ziyintsimbi, ngokuqhelekileyo intsimbi okanye intsimbi, kwaye zibiza kakhulu. Ukuba wenza iprototyping okanye uqhuba iziqwenga ezingamashumi amahlanu, ixabiso lepatheni linokubulala uqoqosho lweprojekthi. Kulapho kufuneka wenze umnxeba wokugweba: yitya ixabiso lepateni yekhontrakthi yexesha elide, okanye uqhubele umxhasi kwindlela eyahlukileyo kwixesha elifutshane. Ayisoloko incoko ilula.
Ndikhumbula umsebenzi we-compressor bracket, into entsonkothileyo inxalenye yentsimbi ngezinye iimbambo zangaphakathi. Iprototype yokuqala evela kwisiseko sesanti eluhlaza yayinemiba eguqukayo-iintsimbi zihamba kancinci, ziphosa imingxuma ebalulekileyo. Satshintshela ekubumbeni iqokobhe ukwenzela ukuqhuba imveliso. Ipatheni ixabisa kakhulu, kodwa ukupheliswa komsebenzi owenziweyo wasemva kokuphoswa kwakhona kunye nokulahlwa okungaphezulu kunokuthethelela. Umxhasi ufumana indawo ebambeke ngokuthe ngqo ngalo lonke ixesha. Nantso ixabiso elifihliweyo.
Umdaniso woMachining: Apho ithiyori idibana nesixhobo sokusika
Ukulingwa kusisiqingatha kuphela sebali. Ukusatywa ekrwada yiblob ekufutshane-netha-imilo. Umlingo (kunye neendleko) zenzeka kumatshini. Oomatshini bentsimbi enziwe ngobuchule—ukuba uyayihlonela. Indlela eyakheke ngayo igraphite isebenza njengesithambiso, kodwa kwaloo grafiti inye iyenza ibe rhabaxa. Udlula ngokufaka ngokukhawuleza kunentsimbi. Undoqo kukuqina. Nayiphi na incoko kwi inxalenye yentsimbi iya kutyumza umphetho, ungayinxibi.
Siqhuba ezininzi ze-Okuma kunye ne-DMG MORI CNCs apha, kwaye ngentsimbi, sibeka phambili uzinzo lomatshini ngaphezu kwesantya esithe ngqo. Iqhinga elipholileyo yenye into. Ezinye iivenkile zifunga ngomatshini owomileyo wentsimbi engwevu; abanye basebenzisa inkungu. Ngokuqhelekileyo sisebenzisa isikhukula soxinzelelo oluphezulu, hayi kakhulu ukupholisa isikiwe (iitshiphusi zithwala ubushushu obuninzi), kodwa ukulawula uthuli. Uthuli lwentsimbi zizinto ezimbi, kwaye ukuligcina lihlanjiwe kwisixokelelwano sokuhluza yinto engaxoxiswana ngayo kukhuseleko lwevenkile kunye nobomi obude bomatshini.
Emva koko kukho isiqabu soxinzelelo. Okanye ukungabikho kwayo. Umngxunya oqhelekileyo kukwenza inxalenye kanye emva kokuphosa. Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluvela ekupholiseni luya kuzikhulula ekugqibeleni, lujija icandelo lakho lomatshini omhle. Kwimilinganiselo ebalulekileyo, sinokusebenzisa i-castings endala-isitokhwe esihleli iinyanga-okanye sibathumele kumjikelo wokunceda uxinzelelo lwe-thermal ngaphambi kokuba kudlule umatshini. Yongeza ixesha, kodwa ngumahluko phakathi kwenxalenye ehambelanayo kunye nenxalenye ekhatywayo kwi-QC yomthengi.
Ukukhetha izinto eziphathekayo: Ayisokuze ibe yintsimbi nje
Ukucacisa imathiriyeli kulapho injongo yenjineli iguqulelwa khona. Intsimbi engwevu (efana neKlasi ye-35 okanye i-40) ilungile kwi-vibration damping-cinga iibhloko ze-injini okanye iziseko zesixhobo somatshini. Kodwa i-brittle. I-iron ene-ductile, ne-nodular graphite, inamandla okuqina kunye ne-ductility ethile. Yeyamalungu abona umthwalo owothukileyo, njengeegiya okanye izinto ezixhonywe kakhulu. Ukukhetha engalunganga yimpazamo yoyilo oluyintlekele.
Siye sasebenza nomxhasi owakha wayila isixhobo sezolimo esinefuthe eliphezulu saza sachaza umgangatho oqhelekileyo wentsimbi engwevu. Uvavanyo lokuqala lwamabala lwaphumela kwintlekele yokwaphuka. Kwafuneka sibuyele emva, sihlalutye imodi yokungaphumeleli, kwaye sincoma ukutshintshela kwintsimbi ye-ferritic ductile (i-65-45-12 grade). Inxalenye yeendleko inyuke mhlawumbi nge-15%, kodwa ubomi bentsimi bunyuke ngomlinganiselo weshumi. Sifunda ntoni? Eyona xabiso liphantsi inxalenye yentsimbi nguye ongasileli enkonzweni.
Kwaye ke kukho i-alloys. Ngamanye amaxesha udinga eso siseko sentsimbi kodwa ngobushushu obongezelelweyo okanye ukuxhathisa ukubola. Kulapho ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-Ni-Resist okanye i-SiMo ductile iron zingena khona. Zizilo ezihluke ngokupheleleyo zokuphosa kunye nomatshini, kunye namazinga okunciphisa aya kukukhohlisa ukuba uqhele amabakala asemgangathweni. Ngumsebenzi we-niche, kodwa kwi-valve ethile kunye nezindlu ze-turbocharger, kuphela kwento esebenzayo.
Utyalo-mali lokuphosa i-Iron? Isicelo seNiche
Uninzi lwabantu lunxulumanisa ukuphosa utyalo-mali-inkqubo elahlekileyo-ye-wax-ngentsimbi engenasici okanye ii-superalloys. Ukuyisebenzisela inxalenye yentsimbi imveliso inqabile, kodwa inendawo yayo. Eyona nto iluncedo kukuntsonkotha kwejometri kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu onokuthi nokubumba iqokobhe akukwazi ukuchukumisa. Cinga ngecandelo elincinane, elintsonkothileyo elineepaseji zangaphakathi ekungenakwenzeka ukuba zihlanganiswe nesanti.
Ukubamba bubushushu. Intsimbi igalela kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu kunezintsimbi ezininzi ezisetyenziselwa utyalo-mali-malunga ne-1370 ° C nangaphezulu. Eso sihogo kwiqokobhe leceramic. Amaqokobhe kufuneka enziwe ngobunjineli ngokwahlukileyo, amaxesha amaninzi abe neeleyiti zokhuseleko kunye nezithinteli ezikhethekileyo zokumelana nokothuka kwe-thermal kunye nokuthintela ukungena kwentsimbi. Amaxabiso esivuno anokuba ngaphantsi, kwaye ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu kuneenkqubo ezisesantini.
Siyenzile amaxesha ambalwa, ngokwesiqhelo kwi-R&D okanye iiprojekthi ezikufutshane ne-aerospace apho ubuntsokotha boyilo bunyusa iindleko. Enye yayiyindlu yenzwa ene-labyrinth yokupholisa edibeneyo. Ukuyilungisa ukusuka eqinile kwakungenakwenzeka, kwaye uguqulelo lwesanti-santi lwaluza kuba noburhabaxa obungamkelekanga bomgangatho kwiipaseji. Indlela yotyalo-mali yayikuphela kwendlela. Isebenzile, kodwa yayiyinkqubo yohlengahlengiso rhoqo kunye nomthengisi weqokobhe. Hayi ngenxa yentliziyo etyhafileyo.
INyaniso yoBonelelo: Ukusuka kwi-Foundry ukuya kuFinished Good
Eli licandelo ongalifundiyo esikolweni. Ukwenza enye igqibelele inxalenye yentsimbi kwindawo elawulwayo yinto enye. Ukwenza i-10,000 yazo, kwishedyuli, kunye nomgangatho ohambelanayo, ukuthunyelwa ukusuka e-China ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla e-Stuttgart okanye e-Chicago, enye irhamncwa ngokupheleleyo. Imalunga nolawulo lwenkqubo, ulungiselelo, kunye nonxibelelwano.
Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) isebenze ngaphezulu kwamashumi amathathu eminyaka kuba bayawuqonda lo mbhobho. Ubuchwephesha kuzo zombini i-shell mold kunye nokufakwa kotyalo-mali, kunye nokuba nomatshini we-CNC wangaphakathi, luncedo olukhulu. Yenza i-loop evaliweyo yokulawula umgangatho. Oomatshini banokuthetha ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Foundry foreman ukuba babona isiphene esingaguqukiyo kwi-castings, kwaye inkqubo inokugqithwa ngeentsuku, hayi iiveki. Xa ujongana nemathiriyeli ukusuka kwintsimbi eqhelekileyo kunye nentsimbi ukuya kwialloyi esekwe nickel ngobuqhophololo, oko kudityaniswa ngokuthe nkqo asiyonto yobumnandi; yimfuneko yokuthembeka.
Ezona ntsilelo zinkulu endizibonileyo zazingebubo ubuchwephesha; ayesebenza. Inxalenye entle yaxinga kumasiko ngenxa yamaxwebhu angaphelelanga, okanye isiqinisekiso sobushushu esiye salahleka ekuguquleleni. Ngoku, siphatha amaphepha ngokungqongqo okufanayo kunye nokunyamezela komatshini. Isatifikethi sokuthotyelwa, iingxelo zovavanyo lwemathiriyeli, iipakethi zokuhlola inqaku lokuqala-ziyinxalenye yokuhanjiswa. Inxalenye ayigqitywanga de ibhokisi kunye namaphepha ahlala kwidokhi.
Ngoko ke, xa ukhangela a inxalenye yentsimbi, awuthengi nje intsimbi. Uthengela kwinkqubo, ikhonkco lezigwebo kunye nezilungiso, ukusuka kwi-metallurgist ekhetha umxube wentlawulo kwiprogram ye-CNC ekhetha izinga lokutya. Inxalenye ebonakala ilula phantse ayinakuze ibelula. Yiloo nto ke eyenza ukuba ukuyilungisa kwaneliseke.
