Xa abantu bethetha ngokulahlwa kwewax elahlekileyo, bahlala bejonge iipateni zewax okanye ukugalelwa kwentsimbi yokugqibela. I-ceramic slurry? Iphathwa njengepeyinti elula, inyathelo elingasemva. Yimpazamo yokuqala leyo. Enyanisweni, udaka ngumenzi wokoqobo; indlela yokuziphatha kwayo ichaza ukuba ufumana ukuphosa okungenasiphako okanye imfumba yenkunkuma enexabiso eliphezulu. Asiyonto yorhwebo. Ibhetshi esebenzela intsimbi engatyiwayo inokusilela ngokuyingozi kwinxalenye yealloyi esekwe kwi-nickel ebhityileyo. Ndibone iivenkile ezininzi kakhulu, kwanabo banamava, bayiphatha njengomxube wokulingana-konke, kuphela ukujongana nokuqhekeka kweqokobhe, ukufakwa, okanye ukugqitywa komphezulu ombi, kwaye emva koko utyhola i-waxing okanye iziko. Inyaniso idla ngokuqala ngetanki enodaka.
Kungaphezu Kodaka Nje - Ukwakhiwa luThethathethwano
Isiseko silula: umgubo we-refractory (njenge-silica edibeneyo okanye i-zircon) kunye ne-binder, ngokuqhelekileyo i-colloidal silica okanye i-ethyl silicate. Kodwa elula iphela apho. Ubungakanani besuntswana lokusabalalisa umgubo lubalulekile. Udinga umxube weenkozo ezirhabaxa kunye nezicolekileyo ukuze ufumane ukuxinana okufanelekileyo kokupakisha. Kulungile kakhulu, kwaye uya kufumana ukuncipha okugqithisileyo kunye nokuqhekeka ngexesha lokumisa kunye nokudubula. Irhabaxa kakhulu, kwaye umphezulu wakho uya kuba rhabaxa, ulahlekelwe zizo zonke iinkcukacha ozisebenzele nzima ukubamba kwiwax. Kuba uninzi lomsebenzi wethu kunye i-ceramic slurry yokuphosa i-wax elahlekileyo kwi-QSY, sixhomekeke kwinkqubo esekelwe kwi-zircon ye-alloys ephezulu yokushisa. Ine-refractoriness ephezulu, engenakuxoxisana xa ugalela i-alloys esekwe kwi-cobalt ekhala ephuma eziko.
I-binder ekhethiweyo yolunye ucingo lwesigwebo. I-silica yeColloidal isebenziseka lula, isekwe emanzini, kodwa yakha amandla kancinane. I-Ethyl silicate yakha iqokobhe elomeleleyo ngokukhawuleza, kodwa isekelwe kutywala-ingozi yomlilo, ulawulo olukhohlisayo lwe-viscosity, kwaye inokwenza iqokobhe libe lukhuni kakhulu, likhokelela kwiinyembezi ezishushu kwintsimbi. Sisebenzisa zombini, kodwa kwiindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinqamlekileyo zentsimbi okanye ezingenasici, sihlala sihamba kunye nenkqubo ye-hybrid. Imalunga nokulinganisa amandla aluhlaza, amandla aqhunyiweyo, kunye nokungena. Akukho mpendulo yencwadi; yiresiphi oyilungelelanisayo ngokusekwe kubumanzi obukwindibano yocweyo ngaloo mini.
Emva koko kukho izongezo. Amathontsi ambalwa e-ejenti yokumanzisa ukunciphisa ukuxinezeleka komphezulu ukuze uludaka lugqume i-wax ngokulinganayo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinobuqhophololo ze-hydrophobic. I-defoamer inyanzelekile-amaqamza omoya abanjelwe ziziphene ezilindele ukwenzeka. Ngamanye amaxesha ipesenti encinci ye-anti-veining additive iyadingeka kwiijometri ezithile ukuthintela ezo zintlukwano zeenwele kwi-ceramic. Uxuba oku, kwaye awujongi nje kuyo; uyayiva. I-viscosity kufuneka ifake umnwe wakho ngendlela ethile, ushiye i-even, opaque layer. Siyijonga ngendebe yeZahn, kodwa abafana abanamava bayazi ngendlela ethontsiza ngayo.
UMtyholi ukwiNkqubo: I-Rheology kunye noLawulo
Ukuxuba asikokuphosa nje izinto etankini. Yinkqubo elawulwayo, ehlala icotha, ukunqanda ukubethwa ngumoya kumxube. Sisebenzisa i-propeller mixer ene-angle ethile ye-blade. Emva kokuxuba, i-slurry idinga ubudala-ngamanye amaxesha iiyure ze-24-ukuba i-chemistry izinze. I-rheology yayo iyatshintsha. I-slurry esanda kuxutywa inokukhupha ngokukhawuleza emthini we-wax, ishiye idyasi ebhityileyo, ebuthathaka. Umntu omdala uya kuba nepropati engcono ye-thixotropic: iyahamba xa iphazamisekile kodwa ibambe imilo yayo xa imile, isakha umaleko ofanayo.
Iiparamitha zolawulo zizithethe zemihla ngemihla. Ubuninzi (okanye ubunzima obuthile) bujongwa ngokwenkolo. Njengoko amanzi ephuphuma, ukuxinana kuyanyuka, kwaye kufuneka ulungise kwakhona ngamanzi adibeneyo. I-viscosity ijongwa phambi kwenguqu nganye. I-pH ibalulekile kwiinkqubo ze-silica ye-colloidal; ukuba iyakhukuliseka, amasuntswana e-silica angaqala ukujikela kwangethuba, wonakalise yonke ibhetshi. Ndiphulukene ne-500-litre itanki kanye ngenxa yokuba i-emele engcolileyo isetyenzisiwe, ihambisa i-pH. Eso yayisisifundo esineendleko ezinkulu kwimigaqo yoqeqesho. Awugcini nje ulwelo; ugcina inkqubo ephilayo, ye-colloidal.
Ukudipha iindibano zewax bubugcisa. Idyasi yokuqala, okanye idyasi ephambili, yeyona ibalulekileyo. Ichaza ukugqitywa komphezulu. Sihlala sisebenzisa umgubo ocolekileyo apha, ngamanye amaxesha songeza i-zircon yebakala elicolekileyo. Ixesha lokukhupha amanzi, ukujikeleza komthi ukunqanda ukudityaniswa, ukulawula uthuli lwemekobume—yonke into ibalulekile. Emva kwengubo yokuqala, ngokukhawuleza sifaka i-stucco (isanti erhabaxa) ngelixa i-slurry isemanzi. Emva koko ngumjikelo: ukomisa, ukudipha, ukuthunga, ukomisa. Indawo yokomisa (iqondo lobushushu, ukufuma, ukuhamba komoya) ibaluleke njengodaka ngokwalo. Ukungxama oku kukhokelela kumaqokobhe aluhlaza anobumanzi obanjiweyo, ajike abe ngumphunga kwaye aqhume ngexesha lokuthotywa kwewaxing.
I-Case in Point: I-Nickel-Based Alloy Turbine Blade
Kulapho ithiyori idibana khona nomlilo. Sasineprojekthi yebhetshi encinci yeeblade ze-nickel-based alloy turbine. Iipateni ze-wax zaziyinkimbinkimbi, kunye neendlela zokupholisa zangaphakathi. Ukuqhuba kokuqala kusetyenziswe ifomyula yethu eqhelekileyo yentsimbi ye-alloy slurry. Isiphumo? Iiblade ezininzi zibonise iintanda ezintle kwimida elandelwayo emva kokuba i-dewaxing kwi-autoclave. Iqokobhe laliqinile kwaye lalingakwazi ukumelana nokwandiswa kwewax ngokukhawuleza. Ukusilela kwakukwinkqubo ye-slurry-binder; yomelele kakhulu, inkeneke kakhulu kule geometry.
Ukulungiswa kwaba luhlengahlengiso olunamacandelo amaninzi kwi i-ceramic slurry yokuphosa i-wax elahlekileyo. Okokuqala, sinciphise umlinganiselo we-binder kwiidyasi ezimbini zokuqala ukuvumela ukuguquguquka okuncinci ngakumbi. Okwesibini, sitshintshe i-stucco kwidyasi yokuqala ukuya kwintlabathi engqukuva engqukuva yokunciphisa uxinzelelo. Okwesithathu, sandise ixesha lokumisa phakathi kweedyasi zokuqala nge-50%. Yathothisa imveliso, kodwa yasebenza. Oonokrwece babenamandla okwaneleyo okuphatha intsimbi kodwa ukunyanzeleka okwaneleyo kunye ne-micro-apha ukuze uphile dewaxing. Olu hlobo lokusombulula ingxaki lusemgangathweni kwivenkile efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), apho iphothifoliyo yezinto eziphathekayo ukusuka kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuya kwii-alloys ezikhethekileyo kukunyanzela ukuba uhloniphe i-slurry njengento eguquguqukayo, kungekhona rhoqo.
Enye inqaku elifihlakeleyo: kwezi ngxubevange zobushushu obuphezulu, iqokobhe alifuni nje ukumelana nobushushu obuthululwayo, kodwa nobushushu obude njengoko iziko lokuphosa elikhulu liqina kancinci. I-slurry ethi izitshisi okanye ithambe kwangoko kakhulu inokukhokelela ekungeneni kwentsimbi, idale umphezulu orhabaxa, odityanisiweyo oyinto enzima ukuyicoca. Ifomula yethu ye-zircon slurry, ephuhliswe ngaphezu kweminyaka, yenzelwe ukugcina ingqibelelo yayo ukuya kuthi ga kumda, yiyo loo nto sinokusingatha ngokuthembekileyo ii-specs ezifunwayo ze-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based parts.
Imigibe eqhelekileyo kunye nokuziva kwayo
Ngaphandle kweenkcazo zobugcisa, kukho intuition. Udaka olukhe lwasetyenziswa kwiidiphu ezininzi luqokelela uthuli olusuka kwi-stucco kunye ne-hydrolyzed binder. Iya iba ngqindilili, ubungakanani bamasuntswana ayo buyatshintsha. Awukwazi ukuqhubeka ukongeza amanzi ukulungisa i-viscosity; edibanisa umxholo wokubopha. Kufuneka uhlaziye itanki ngamaxesha athile ngodaka olutsha. Kukho indawo emnandi kumjikelo wobomi betanki apho ilungelelene ngokugqibeleleyo—ngesiqhelo emva kwemijikelo embalwa yokuhlaziya.
Umba omnye ozingisayo kukukhupha amanzi oludaka okudala inqwanqwa okanye ulwakhiwo olungqindilili emazantsi epateni yewax. Oku kudala umahluko we-thermal mass ngexesha lokugalela, okukhokelela kwi-shrinkage porosity kwintsimbi kuloo ndawo. Isisombululo asisoloko sikwi-slurry ngokwayo, kodwa kwindlela yokuntywila-ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka udiphe, ujikeleze i-180 degrees, kwaye udibanise kwakhona ukuze ufumane idyasi elinganayo. Kukulungisa izandla.
Ekugqibeleni, ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-slurry kunye nokudubula okulandelayo. Iqokobhe kufuneka litshiswe ukutshisa nayiphi na i-wax eshiyekileyo kunye nokuguquguquka kunye nokuphuhlisa amandla alo okugqibela. Ukuba i-slurry formula ivaliwe, iqokobhe linokutshiza okanye liqhekeke ngexesha lokudubula. Sihlala sisenza uvavanyo lokudubula kwiqokobhe ukusuka kwibhetshi entsha okanye ifomula ngaphambi kokuba sizibophelele kwimveliso. Yipolisi ye-inshorensi ephantsi. Iqokobhe elikhutshiweyo kufuneka libe nombala ohambelanayo kunye ne-ping ecacileyo, evakalayo xa icofa kancinci. I-thud ebuthuntu ithetha ingxaki-mhlawumbi amandla aphantsi okanye i-micro-cracks.
Isiphelo: ISiseko siyinto yonke
Ke, emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu kulo mdlalo e-QSY, ukusuka kwiqokobhe lokungunda ukuya ekugalweni kotyalo-mali oluntsonkothileyo, ukuba kukho into enye yokubethelela ekhaya, yile: ungaze ujongele phantsi igumbi elinodaka. I i-ceramic slurry yokuphosa i-wax elahlekileyo sisivumelwano esisisiseko phakathi kwepateni yewax kunye nesinyithi esityhidiweyo. Yinkqubo yezinto eziphilayo eguqukayo efuna intlonipho kunye nokuqwalaselwa rhoqo. Unokuba neyona wax igqwesileyo, uyilo olugqibeleleyo lokungena, kunye neziko elilinganisiweyo, kodwa i-slurry elawulwa kakubi iya kujongela phantsi konke. Ayingomsebenzi oncumisayo-uhlala ungcolile kwaye uphindaphinda-kodwa umgangatho wayo yonke into elandelayo yakhiwe, umaleko ngongqimba, kuloo tanki. Ubuchwephesha bokwenyani abukho nje ekuxubeni kwiphepha elithile; kusekwazini ukuba ungayilungisa njani inxalenye yomthi namhlanje, kwi-alloy egalelwa kwiveki ezayo, kunye nengxaki oyisombulule kodwa unokubona kwakhona ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ngumsebenzi wezandla lowo.
