Xa ubona Co 20 kwiphepha elithile okanye isatifikethi sezinto eziphathekayo, ingcamango ekhawulezayo ihlala imalunga nomxholo we-cobalt. Lo ngumgibe wokuqala. Kumashumi amathathu eminyaka ethu okuphatha ii-alloys ezisekwe kwi-cobalt kutyalo-mali kunye nokuchaneka komatshini, ndifundile ukuba inani elilandela 'i-Co' alifane liqonde. I-shorthand, i-nod kwintsapho ye-alloys, kwaye ukuchazwa kwayo kunokwenza okanye ukwaphule ukusebenza kwecandelo kwintsimi. Amaqela amaninzi okuthenga izinto ayayibona kwaye acinge ukuba afumana imathiriyeli esemgangathweni, engekho kwishelufu. Ubunyani bumdaka kwaye bunomdla ngakumbi. Ikhomba kwiqela le-alloys apho i-cobalt isisiseko, kodwa umtyholi-kunye nokusebenza-kwenye ipesenti ye-20-ish yokwakheka kwaye, ngokubalulekileyo, imbali yokucubungula.
Igama Elingaqondwayo
Masiyicacise le nto: Co 20 Ayikho enye, i-alloy echazwe ngokungqongqo njenge-304 engenasici. Kungaphezulu kweleyibhile yorhwebo okanye eqhelekileyo yeshishini ehlala ikhomba kwi-cobalt-chromium alloys, ehlala iwela phantsi kwemigangatho efana ne-ASTM F75 okanye efanayo. I-'20' ibhekisa ngokukhululekileyo uluhlu lwento edibeneyo, ehlala i-chromium, ehlala malunga ne-26-30%, okanye ngamanye amaxesha i-molybdenum. Umxholo we-cobalt ngowona mkhulu, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphezu kwe-50%. Ngoko igama liphantse libe yimpazamo. Ndichithe iiyure kwiifowuni ndicacisa oku kwiinjineli ezaziqinisekile ukuba umzobo wazo awulunganga. Bazakucacisa Co 20 silindele ikhemistri echanekileyo, kwaye kuya kufuneka sibuyele umva kwiimfuno zokwenyani zokusebenza: ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion kumaqondo aphezulu, i-biocompatibility? Oko kuchaza iresiphi yokwenyani.
Oku kungacaci kulapho abasunguli kunye noomatshini befumana ugcino lwabo. Kwivenkile yethu, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), sibona le ngcaciso ingena kwiindawo ezimiselwe inkonzo enzima-i-valve trim kwi-corrosive hydrocarbon processing, okanye ukunxiba iipleyiti kumatshini wezolimo. Incoko yokuqala ihlala isuka kwigeneric Co 20 kwimfuno ethile. Ngaba inxalenye yokugqibela yayisilela ngokurhabula? Okanye ngaba yayingumba wokudinwa kwe-corrosion? Uhlengahlengiso lwe-alloy olusuka apho luchubekile kodwa lugqibe.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yecandelo levalvu yolawulo, mhlawumbi kwiminyaka emihlanu emva. I-spec yelifa lomxumi isandula kuchazwa Co 20. Bezifumana ukuvuza kwangaphambi kwexesha. Siye sahlalutya inxalenye engaphumelelanga kwaye safumanisa ukuba yayingeyiyo ingxaki enkulu yokumelana nomhlwa; yayiyindibaniselwano yobunzima obuphantsi kunye nokusabalalisa okungahambi kakuhle kwe-carbide ebusweni bokutywinwa. I-alloy engama-20 ababekade beyisebenzisa yayiyi-F75 ephosiweyo, elungele izinto ezininzi, kodwa hayi ngenxa ye-abrasive-corrosive synergy. Sicebise ukubunjwa okulungisiweyo kunye nolawulo olungqongqo kwikhabhoni kunye nomjikelo ohlukileyo wokusetyenzwa kwe-thermal post-casting. Isiphumo ibingelogama lengxubevange elahlukileyo, inguqulelo nje engcono yento Co 20 inokuba kubo. Ndixelelwa ukuba loo nxalenye isaqhuba.
Ukusuka kwi-Melt ukuya kuMatshini: Inkqubo yiMveliso
Awukwazi ukuthetha ngezi zixhobo ngaphandle kokungcolisa izandla zakho ngenkqubo. Iipropathi ze-cobalt-chromium alloy zincinci malunga nekhemistri yegama oqala ngayo kwaye ngakumbi malunga nendlela oyiqinisa ngayo kwaye uyiphathe emva koko. Kulapho indlela yethu edibeneyo ikhoyo QSY imiba. Ukulawula uhambo ukusuka ekubunjweni kobunjwa beqokobhe ukuya kumatshini wokugqibela we-CNC phantsi kophahla olunye ayikokusebenza nje kakuhle; imalunga nokulandeleka kunye nokuthintela ungcoliseko okanye ilahleko yepropathi kwiindawo ezikhutshwayo.
Kwi-investment casting, iqondo lobushushu lokugalela kunye nesantya sokupholisa a Co 20-uhlobo lwe-alloy lubaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni i-micro-porosity kunye nokulawula ukwakhiwa kweenkozo. Ukukhawuleza, kwaye ubeka umngcipheko woxinzelelo; ukucotha kakhulu, kwaye izigaba ze-carbide zinokuba rhabaxa kwaye zibe brittle. Sifake amawaka okugalela, kwaye incwadi yokubhalela (ngoku isiseko sedatha) igcwele uhlengahlengiso oluncinci-ukutshintsha kwe-15-degree Celsius kubushushu obukhulu, utshintsho kwimold pre-heat-eyisombulule imiba ethile njengokukrazula okushushu kwijometri yeflange ethile. Le asiyonto yeencwadi; lulwazi lwezizwe olwakhiwe kubadlali abangaphumelelanga kunye nabaphumeleleyo.
Emva koko kuza oomatshini. Abantu abayijongeli phantsi indlela ekunzima ngayo ezi alloys ukusika. Basebenza nzima ngephanyazo. Isixhobo esibuthuntu kancinci okanye isantya sokutya esindlongo-ndlongo asisinxibi nje isixhobo; iguqula imfezeko yomphezulu wenxalenye, idale umaleko oxineneyo, obhityileyo onokuqalisa iintanda kwinkonzo. Sifunde oku ngendlela enzima kwangethuba, sisusa ibhetshi yexabiso eliphezulu lokusakha kuba iindawo ezijikiweyo zibonise iintanda ezincinci phantsi kohlolo lwedayi. Isisombululo sasiyirejimeni yezixhobo ezibukhali, ezifakwe kwi-carbide, i-high-pressure coolant ngokuchanekileyo kwi-cut edge, kunye ne-conservative, i-parameters ehambelanayo. Iyacotha, kodwa kuphela kwendlela yokuhambisa inxalenye eyenza njengoko i-alloy yenzelwe. I QSY iwebhusayithi ikhankanya izakhono zethu ze-CNC, kodwa elona xabiso lokwenyani kukusebenzisa oko kuchanekileyo kwezi zixhobo zinzima kakhulu.
IiNuances zokuHlanganisa: Ngakumbi kuneCobalt nje
Ukuhlala kwisiseko se-cobalt yedwa yimpazamo. Umlingo—kunye nobunjineli—ukwenye ibhokisi. I-nickel ihlala ikhona ukomeleza isisombululo esiqinileyo kunye nokuzinzisa isakhiwo se-austenitic. I-Chromium, njengoko kukhankanyiwe, yeyomaleko weoksidi yokwenziwa obonelela ukuxhathisa ukubola. Kodwa ke ungena kumxholo wekhabhoni, owenza ezo carbides zinzima. Ikhabhoni encinci kakhulu, kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kuyabandezeleka; kakhulu, kwaye ubeka esichengeni ductility kunye machinability. I-Molybdenum kunye ne-tungsten zongezwa ukomeleza isisombululo esiqinileyo, ukuphakamisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kobushushu.
Sasebenza kwi-sleeve ye-pump shaft kwi-geothermal application apho imo engqongileyo yayiphezulu-chloride kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. Umgangatho Co 20 ulwakhiwo belungasebenzi kakuhle. Ukulungiswa kwakubandakanya ukuxubha ibhalansi ye-molybdenum kunye ne-tungsten ukuphucula ukuzinza kwefilimu ekhuselayo ye-oxide phantsi kwebhayisikile ye-thermal, kunye nokunciphisa kancinci i-carbon ukuphucula ukuxhathisa ukutshitshiswa kwe-thermal. Yayilibakala elincomekayo, kodwa lakhula liphuma kuloo mbindi Co 20 umthi wosapho. Oku kuqhelekile, hayi ngaphandle, kwizicelo ezinyanzelisayo.
Ukukhetha ulwahlulo oluchanekileyo luhlala luhla luye kwimowudi yokuqala yokuthotywa. Ngaba i-brasion ecocekileyo? Umahluko ophezulu wekhabhoni unokuba ngcono. Ingaba kukudleka okunempembelelo ephazamisayo? Emva koko ukuqina kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kuthatha indawo yokuqala, ikhomba kwikhabhoni esezantsi, inguqulo ephezulu ye-nickel / chromium. Ukuba neqabane elinje QSY, ngamava anzulu ekujuleni nasekwenzeni ezi zantlukwano, kubalulekile kuba ukwenziwa kwezinto kuyatshintsha kwi-tweak nganye. I-alloy ephosa kakuhle inokuba yinto embi kumatshini, kwaye ngokuphambeneyo.
Ukungaphumeleli njengoMfundisi: Xa i-Co 20 Ayonelanga
Ayingawo onke amabali anempumelelo ecocekileyo. Ekuqaleni kwexesha lam apha, saba nebhetshi yeentsimbi ezityhidiweyo zeblade ye-injini ebuyileyo. Baye bachazwa njenge-cobalt-chromium alloy eqhelekileyo, esiye sayilungisa njengomgangatho wethu Co 20-uhlobo nyibilika. Baziphumelele zonke iimvavanyo ezisemgangathweni zoomatshini kunye neekhemikhali. Kodwa enkonzweni, baye bakhubazeka phantsi komthwalo ngaphambi kokuba bebelindele. Uhlalutyo lwe-post-mortem lubonakalise umba: ngelixa i-chemistry yobuninzi yayilungile, siye saphoswa yimfuno engabonakaliyo yomthengi (kwaye ingabhalwanga) kumlinganiselo omncinci wokuqhekeza amandla kwiqondo lokushisa elithile. Unyango lwethu oluqhelekileyo lobushushu, olwaneleyo kwi-90% yezicelo, aluzange luphuhlise i-carbide morphology ethile efunekayo kuloo mda wongezelelweyo.
Yayisisifundo esibalulekileyo eso. Ngoku, ukudibana ne-spec ayisosiphelo sencoko. Sihlola indawo yokusebenza: ubushushu obuqhubekayo bokusebenza, imijikelo ye-thermal, uhlobo lokulayisha, izinto zokukhwelana. Iphepha elithile le Co 20 sisiqalo sengxoxo yobugcisa, hayi umgca wokugqibela. Sakha ilayibrari encinci ye-microstructures ephawulekayo evela kwiindlela zokulungisa ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ngoku sinokubonisa rhoqo abathengi, Oku kukufumana kunye neNdlela A, kwaye oku kuphuculo lwamandla omda wengqolowa kunye noMzila B. Yenza incoko ibambeke.
Omnye umngxunya oqhelekileyo kukucinga ukuba ezi ngxubevange azikwazi ukungena. Ziyakwazi ukumelana ne-corrosion, kodwa azikhuselekanga. Siye sabona imeko yoxinzelelo lwe-corrosion eqhekeka kwicandelo lomatshini omhle kwiplanti yemichiza. Unobangela yayikukulandela iikhompawundi zesulfure kumjelo wenkqubo, ezinokuthi ezi ngxubevange zibe novakalelo. Isisombululo besingeyongxubevange eyahlukileyo, kodwa lutshintsho loyilo lokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nonyango oluncinci lomphezulu. Yomeleza ukuba ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kuyingxaki yenkqubo.
I-Real-World Application Tapestry
Ngoko ke yonke le nto idibana phi? Jonga kulo naliphi na ishishini ukutyhala imathiriyeli ukuya kwimida yabo. Kwi-oyile kunye negesi, yizixhobo zesixhobo somngxuma kunye nezihlalo zevalvu ezijongene nerhasi emuncu. Ekulungiseni ukutya, zizinto ezigugileyo ekufuneka zixhathise umhlwa kwiimveliso ezineasidi kunye nokuvala inzala rhoqo. Ekudalweni kombane, kunxitywa iiringi kunye nokutywinwa kwiimpompo ezibamba udaka oluluthuthu lwempukane. Kwimeko nganye, i-Co 20 itikiti lokungena, kodwa ipasipoti yezinto yokugqibela isitampu kunye neshumi elinesibini elincinci, uhlengahlengiso olubalulekileyo.
Ixabiso lomenzi alikho nje ekunyibilikeni nasekugaleleni kumgangatho. Kukumgwebo oqokelelweyo-ukwazi xa ukutenxa kancinane kumxholo wentsimbi (into ehlala ingahoywa ye-tramp) inokuchaphazela uzinzo oluphezulu lobushushu kumxhasi othile, okanye indlela yokuhlengahlengisa ukutya komatshini emva konyango lobushushu lesisombululo ukuphepha ukutsala i-carbides ngaphandle komphezulu. Lo ngumsebenzi ongenamdla, ojolise kwiinkcukacha ochaza umgangatho.
Ekupheleni kosuku, Co 20 ngumqali wencoko. Ibonisa imfuno yezinto ezihlala kwindawo ekhethekileyo phakathi kweentsimbi ezingenasici kunye ne-nickel superalloys-ehlala inika ibhalansi engcono yokunxiba-ukuqina kwexabiso. Kodwa isicelo sayo esiyimpumelelo sixhomekeke ekudluleni kwileyibhile. Ifuna ubambiswano kunye nomthengisi oqondayo ukuba inani lisalathiso nje, kwaye indawo yokwenyani licandelo elisindayo kwaye liphumelele kwisihogo esisidingayo. Luhambo olu sihamba ngalo yonke imihla, ukusuka ezikweni lomlilo QSY ukuya kuphawu lokugqibela olusemgangathweni kwikhreyithi yokuthumela ngenqanawa.
