Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'izixhobo zokuphosa ezichanekileyo', baba nomfanekiso waloo malungu angenasiphako, akufutshane-nemilo emilonyeni, rhoqo kwi-aerospace okanye iincwadana zonyango. Ishishini lithengisa le ngcamango yemfezeko, kodwa inyani kumgangatho wevenkile luthethathethwano oluqhubekayo phakathi kokufanelekileyo kunye nokufezekiswayo. Asikokwenza nje inxaxheba; imalunga nokuyenza isebenze, ngenzuzo nangokuthembekileyo, ibhetshi emva kwebhetshi. Ubuchule bokwenyani abukho ekulandeleni incwadana yemigaqo, kodwa ekwazini ukuba zeziphi iikona ongenakukwazi ukuzisika kwaye zeziphi iziphambuko onokuphila nazo.
I-Illusion of Drop-In Replacement
Enye yezona ngcamango ziphosakeleyo esijongene nazo, ngakumbi kubathengi abatsha kwi-automation okanye kwi-pump yokuvelisa, kukulindela icandelo lokuphosa elichanekileyo njengento egqibeleleyo, indawo yokulahla indawo yomatshini. Bathumela umzobo wenxalenye yebillet eyenziwe ngoomatshini kwaye balindele ukuba uguqulelo lokuphoswa lungene kanye. Ayifane isebenze ngolo hlobo. Ifilosofi yoyilo olusisiseko yahlukile. Inxalenye yomatshini yenzelwe ukususwa kwezinto; inxalenye ephosiweyo yenzelwe ukuhamba kwezinto kunye nokuqina. Kuya kufuneka uqwalasele ii-engile zokuyila, ukuguquguquka kobunzima bodonga, kunye neendawo zokungena ukusuka kumzobo wokuqala. Ndichithe iiyure ezininzi ndicacisa ukuba kutheni kufuneka songeze idrafti ye-2-degree kudonga oluthe nkqo okanye kutheni ikona yangaphakathi ebukhali iyi-hotspot eqinisekisiweyo ye-shrinkage porosity. Ayinakuba nzima; yifiziksi.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yevalve yehydraulic valve, indawo entsonkothileyo yangaphakathi. Uyilo loqobo lomxumi lwalunobuhle, udityaniso olusikweri-mphetho lwemijelo yolwelo. Ijongeka kakuhle kwiCAD. Sasisazi ukuba yayiliphupha elibi. Sicebise ukuyila ngokutsha iindlela zokuhlangana ngerediya ezinobubele. I-pushback yayimalunga nokuhamba ngamandla kunye nenjongo yoyilo. Siye sagqiba ekubeni siqhube ibhetshi yovavanyo zombini iindlela. Inguqulelo yethu ehlaziyiweyo yayinexabiso elithe kratya lesixhobo sokuqala kodwa lavelisa i-95% yezinga lokuphoswa kwesandi. Inguqulelo yabo yoyilo olugqibeleleyo? Phantse i-40% yezilaphu ezivela kwiinyembezi ezishushu kunye namaqoqo ashwabeneyo kwezo kona zibukhali. Iindleko zaloo kuthembeka kumzobo wokuqala yayiyeenkwenkwezi. Olo vavanyo lwaba luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo esilusebenzisa ngaphakathi QSY ukuqeqesha iinjineli ezintsha: hlonipha inkqubo.
Apha kulapho amava e-Foundry abaluleke ngokwenene. Indawo efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), kunye namashumi amathathu eminyaka eqokobheni kunye notyalo-mali, ibone ezi pateni ziphinda kumashishini. Loo nkumbulo yokusebenza kwexesha elide ixabiseke kakhulu. Akukhona nje ngokuba ne CNC Machining ukukwazi ukugqiba inxalenye; imalunga nokwazi ukuba uyiphose njani ukuze inkqubo yomatshini isebenze kwaye ayivezi iziphene ezingaphantsi komphezulu. Bayaqonda ukuba uhambo a icandelo lokuphosa elichanekileyo ayiqali kwi-CNC mill, kodwa kwigumbi lepatheni ye-wax kunye netanki ye-ceramic slurry.
Isixhobo asiyoMenyu yokuLahla nje
Ukukhetha imathiriyeli amacandelo okuphosa ngokuchanekileyo yenye indawo egcwele ukwenziwa lula. Abathengi bahlala beza ne-spec ethi nje intsimbi engatyiwa okanye i-alloy yobushushu obuphezulu. Oku kufana nokuthi isithuthi xa kufuneka ukhethe phakathi kwebhayisekile kunye nelori yokulahla. Umtyholi ukwibakala elithile kunye nokuziphatha kwakhe kokuphosa.
Thatha i-17-4 PH engenasici. Intsimbi emnandi, eguquguqukayo yemvula-eyenza lukhuni. Kodwa iimpawu zayo zokuphosa zi ... finicky. Ukuba awuwulawuli umyinge wokuqina kunye nonyango olulandelayo lobushushu ngokuchanekileyo, ungafumana amandla okuqina kodwa uphose ngokupheleleyo ukuxhathisa okufunekayo okanye ukuqina kwempembelelo. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu kumyalelo wecandelo langaphambili laselwandle. Amalungu aphumelele iimvavanyo zoomatshini kodwa aqala ukubonisa umngxuma ongaphezulu kuvavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa kwangethuba kakhulu kunoko. Umba ulandelelwe umva kwisantya sokupholisa esingalinganiyo kwisingundo seqokobhe, esikhokelela kulwakhiwo olungelulo olwahlukileyo. Ulungiso ibingelotshintsho olulula lweresiphi; ibandakanye ukuyila ngokutsha uyilo lweqela ukuqinisekisa ubunzima obufanayo bobushushu kunye nokulungisa umjikelo wokuphoswa kwesisombululo se-post-cast. Yayisisifundo esineendleko eziphezulu zokuba kutheni ukucaciswa kwemathiriyeli kufuneka kube yingxoxo, ingabi ngummiselo.
Kulapho uluhlu lwemathiriyeli ye-Foundry luba lubaluleke kakhulu. Xa inkampani ithanda QSY uluhlu ialloys esekwe cobalt kwaye ialloys esekwe nickel ecaleni kweentsimbi ezisemgangathweni, kubonisa ukukwazi ukuphatha izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Ezi ayizizo izixhobo ozinyibilikisayo kwaye uzigalele. Bane-reactivity ephezulu, iimfuno ezithile zokufudumeza okuphezulu, kwaye bahlala bedinga ukuthululwa kwemoya elawulwayo. Ukusebenza nge-alloy esekwe kwi-nickel kwi-blade ye-injini yomoya akufani nokugalela intsimbi yekhabhoni kwigiya. Yonke inkqubo yetsheyini, ukusuka kwi-crucible material ukuya kubushushu be-mold preheat, ikhethekileyo. Awunako ukwenza umgunyathi obo buchule.
Inkqubo yokuGayina: Icandelo ongaliboniyo
Ukuba icandelo lokugqibela ngumfanekiso oqingqiweyo, i-gating kunye nenkqubo yokunyuka yi-scaffolding. Kwaye kaninzi kulapho ubunjineli bokwenyani busenzeka khona. Inkqubo yokungena eyilwe kakubi iya kuvelisa izinto ezilahliweyo, nokuba ilunge kangakanani na ialloyi yakho okanye umgangatho weqokobhe. Injongo kukutyisa isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo kumgodi wokungunda ngokutyibilikayo, ngaphandle kwesiphithiphithi (esibangela ukubandakanywa kweoksidi), kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuqiniswa kolwalathiso olubhekiselele kwizinyusi (ezisebenza njengamadama ezinto eziphathekayo ukuhlawulela ukushwabana).
Sakha sasebenza kwindawo ebiyelweyo enentsimbi ecekethekileyo, elingana nesiciko sebhokisi yezihlangu kodwa eneimbambo ezintsonkothileyo ngasemva. Izilingo zokuqala zaba yintlekele. Sifumana ii-mistruns (ukuzaliswa okungaphelelanga) okanye izivalo ezibandayo (iithungo apho imisinga yentsimbi ibidibana khona kodwa ingadibani). Ingxaki yayikukuba isango lethu lokuqala lalinogcino kakhulu, sizama ukondla kumphetho omnye. Intsimbi yayiphola ngokukhawuleza kakhulu njengoko yayihamba inqumla ummandla omkhulu, obhityileyo. Isisombululo besingekho ngqondweni. Endaweni yokongeza ubushushu obuninzi okanye ukugalela ngokukhawuleza, songeze ngakumbi, amasango amancinci asasazwa kumjikelezo. Oku kuvumele iindlela ezininzi, ezimfutshane zokuhamba. Yandisa umsebenzi wokusikwa kunye nokugqiba umsebenzi kamva, kodwa yasinika i-100% yokuzalisa ireyithi. Iindleko zoomatshini obongezelelweyo kancinci bezingaphantsi kakhulu kunexabiso le-50% yereyithi yenkunkuma.
Olu hlobo lokusombulula ingxaki sisonka semihla ngemihla utyalo mali. Ngumxube we-fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, kunye ne-intuition endala ecacileyo kunye nempazamo. Ukulinganisa isoftware kuyanceda ngoku, kodwa ayiyovangeli. Kusafuneka uqhube ulingo lomzimba ukuze ulungelelanise imodeli kwiimeko zevenkile yakho ethile-ukufuma okuchaphazela i-slurry, iyantlukwano efihlakeleyo kwisibophelelo, iimpawu zobushushu zenkxaso yesanti yakho. I iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa Inkqubo engundoqo yimisebenzi yezandla.
Xa Ukuchaneka Kudibana neVenkile yoMatshini
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwesiseko sobume kunye nevenkile yomatshini buyi-symbiotic, ngakumbi xa bephantsi kophahla olunye. Isithembiso se ukuphosa ngokuchanekileyo kufutshane ne-net-shape, kodwa kufutshane kukho isihlobo. Imiphezulu yedatum ebalulekileyo, imingxuma enemisonto, imibhobho enyamezelayo—ezi phantse zisoloko zifuna ukwenziwa ngoomatshini. Isitshixo kukuphosa indawo kwimeko eyenza ukuba oomatshini bokugqibela bazinze, baqikeleleke, kwaye banoqoqosho.
Oku kuthetha ukucwangcisa. Kuya kufuneka ushiye isitokhwe esaneleyo somatshini, kodwa hayi kakhulu kangangokuba uchitha imathiriyeli kwaye uhlafuna ubomi besixhobo. Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba inxalenye inolusu olungaguquguqukiyo, oluqikelelwayo ukuze ukusika kokuqala kuzinzile. Kwaye ngokubalulekileyo, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba inxalenye isandi phantsi kolusu. Akukho nto imbi kumachini kunokubetha ipokotho yerhasi engaphantsi komhlaba okanye i-shrinkage cavity embindini wokugqitha kwindawo ebizayo, ephantse iphelele. Ilahleko iyonke.
Nge QSY, ukudibanisa ukuphosa kunye CNC Machining luncedo lweqhinga. Oomatshini babo banikezela ngengxelo ngokuthe ngqo kwiqela labasunguli. Ukuba bahlala befumana indawo enzima kwindawo ethile yesamente intsimbi icandelo, isalatha kumba wokupholisa wengingqi. Ukuba isixhobo sinxitywe ngokugqithisileyo kwibhetshi ye intsimbi Amalungu, inokubonisa umba we-microstructure njenge-carbides egqithisileyo. Le ngxelo ivaliweyo yeyona nto iqhuba uphuculo lokwenyani, olongezayo icandelo lokuphosa elichanekileyo umgangatho. Ijija ukuchaneka kwethiyori ibe yinto enokumetwa, uphawu olunikezelwayo kushicilelo lwenxalenye yokugqibela.
Umdlalo omde: Ukungaguquguquki phezu kwePrototype eFlashy
Nabani na unokufumana ithamsanqa kwaye avelise iprototype enye egqibeleleyo yokusa. Uvavanyo lokwenyani lwe-Foundry luvelisa inxalenye ye-10,000 kwimveliso eqhutywayo kunye nokuzinza kwe-dimensional efanayo, ukugqiba umphezulu, kunye neempawu zomatshini njengesampulu evunyiweyo yokuqala. Apha kulapho iinkqubo zolawulo lwenkqubo, iindlela zokuhlola ezingqongqo, kunye nokubekwa kweliso kwenkqubo yamanani zahlula iingcali kwii-hobbyists.
Kubandakanya ukubeka iliso yonke into: iiparamitha ze-wax injection (ubushushu, uxinzelelo, ixesha) ukuqinisekisa iipateni ezifanayo; i-viscosity enodaka kunye ne-stucco sand gradation ukwenzela ukutyeba kweqokobhe elingaguqukiyo; i-chemistry enyibilikayo kunye nobushushu obuthululwayo kubo bonke ubushushu; umjikelo wokuthotywa kwewaxing kunye ne-sintering. Ukukhukuliseka kuyo nayiphi na kwezi kunokuphumela kwibhetshi yamalungu angahambelaniyo. Siphumeza iindawo zokuhlola kwinqanaba ngalinye. Ukuhlolwa kwenqaku lokuqala (FAI) kucokisekile, kodwa uhlolo lwenkqubo ngexesha elide luthintela intlekele.
Oku kugxininiswa okungayekeleliyo kokuphindaphinda yinto eyakha igama. Kungenxa yoko le nto inkampani inokusebenza ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 kweli candelo. Ayikokuba yeyona ifikelelekayo kwisicatshulwa; imalunga nokuba ngoyena uthembekileyo. Xa umxhasi eyila a icandelo lokuphosa elichanekileyo kwimveliso yabo, benza ukuzinikela ixesha elide. Kufuneka bazi ukuba ikhonkco labo lokubonelela aliyi kubaphosa. Loo trust yakhiwe ngokuyinxenye, ibhetshi ngebhetshi, kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngumsebenzi ozolileyo, ongathandekiyo we-metrology, ukuloga kwedatha, kunye neengxelo zesenzo sokulungisa ezichaza umgangatho wamacandelo ashiya idokhi. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, yiloo nto eli shishini lilonke limalunga nokunikezela hayi nje inxalenye, kodwa ingqiniseko.
