Xa abantu besiva 'izahlulo ze-cobalt alloy casting', unxulumano olukhawulezileyo luhlala 'lusebenza kakhulu', 'i-aerospace', okanye 'ukufakelwa kwezonyango'. Akulunganga oko, kodwa kukuqonda komgangatho ongaphezulu obonisa ubunyani bokwenyani bokwenza la malungu. Owona mceli mngeni awukho kwiphepha le-alloyi kuphela; kusekulawuleni inguqu ukusuka kumdibaniso onyibilikisiweyo, osebenzayo wesinyithi ukuya kwindawo ezinzileyo, engenasiphene enokuphila kwiinjini yomoya okanye kumzimba womntu. Abaninzi bacinga ukuba unokuphosa intsimbi, unokuphosa i-cobalt alloys. Loo ngcinga ibize ngaphezu kweevenkile ezimbalwa imali eninzi.
I-alloy ayisiyiyo Ifomula nje, sisimo sokuziphatha
Ukusebenza nge-cobalt-chromium alloys, njengamabakala aqhelekileyo e-CoCrMo, isifundo sokuthobeka. Ujongene nemathiriyeli enendawo yokunyibilika ephezulu ngokumangalisayo kunye notyekelo olubi lokwenza iioksidi ezizinzileyo. I i-cobalt alloy casting inkqubo, ingakumbi utyalo-mali esilusebenzisayo kakhulu, iba yintambo yokuhamba phakathi kobushushu, ukutshisa komngundo, kunye nesantya sokugalela. Izidanga ezimbalwa kwi-mold preheat, kwaye ufumana i-mistruns. Ukucotha kakhulu ekugaleleni, kwaye ufumana izivalo ezibandayo. Ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye ubamba igesi okanye ukhukulise iqokobhe leceramic. Asiyondlela yokupheka oyilandelayo; kukusabela ozama ukukulindela nokulawula.
Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yecandelo le-injini yegesi yokutywina kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. I-chemistry yayigqibelele, umthi wepatheni we-wax wawungenasiphako. Kodwa sasinomfana omtsha eziko ngaloo mini. Walandela iprotocol esemgangathweni ye-nickel-based superalloy nathi siqhuba. Isiphumo? Isinyithi 'enziwe ngepanekuku' kumngundo-yaphulukana nolwelo lwaso ngokukhawuleza. Amalungu ayejongeka elungile ngokubonakalayo, kodwa iX-reyi yabonisa ukushwabana kwangaphakathi kwe-porosity kumacandelo ashinyeneyo. Kwapheliswa bonke ubushushu. Leyo yayiyimini iqela elafaka ngayo ngaphakathi ukuba i-cobalt alloys ayixoleli. Uluhlu lwabo lokuqinisa kunye ne-thermal conductivity yizilwanyana ezizodwa. Awukwazi ukufaka igeneric ukuphosa imithetho.
Kulapho amava exesha elide, njenge-30 + iminyaka kwivenkile efana ne-QSY, iba yinto ebonakalayo. Ayikokuba neqhinga lomlingo; imalunga nokuba nelayibrari enzulu, phantse enembile yesizathu-kunye nesiphumo sejometri ezahlukeneyo. Ufunda ukuba icandelo levalvu enodonga olucekethekileyo lifuna isango lokusalela elahluke kakhulu kunye nesicwangciso sokunyuka xa kuthelekiswa nepleyiti yokunxiba enkulu, nokuba basuka kwibakala elifanayo lealloyi. Ulwazi lukwipateni yobunjineli kwakudala phambi kokuba isinyithi sinyibilike.
I-Shell Mold Casting: Ukuchaneka ngesikhumba seCeramic
Kunzima, ukunyaniseka okuphezulu iindawo ze-cobalt alloy, ukubunjwa kweqokobhe—uhlobo oluthile lotyalo-mali—ngokufuthi yeyona ndlela iphumelelayo. Ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye nokuchaneka komda akuhambelani nokuphosa isanti. Kodwa igobolondo le-ceramic ngokwalo luhlobo olubalulekileyo. Iialloys zeCobalt ziyasebenza. Ukuba isibophelelo seqokobhe okanye into ebambekayo inabo nabuphi na ukungcola okunokunciphisa amandla eoksijini yendawo kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu, ufumana into ebizwa ngokuba yi-'metal-mold reaction'. Yenza umaleko oqinileyo, obhityileyo, ohlala ungcolisekile kwindawo yokuphosa eyiphupha elibi ukucima umatshini kwaye inokufihla iintanda.
Sichithe iinyanga sicofa inkqubo yethu yeqokobhe ngomsebenzi owenziwe nge-cobalt. Luxube lobunikazi, kodwa eyona nto iphambili kukusebenzisa i-alumina ephezulu yococeko kunye ne-zirconia refractories ene-silica-free binder system. Umjikelo wokomisa kunye nokudubula ukhohlakele-iindawo ezicothayo ukuya kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu ukutshisa izinto eziphilayo kunye nokuntywila iqokobhe kwisikhongozeli esinamandla, esingasebenziyo. Umjikelo wokudubula okhawulezayo ukhokelela kwigobolondo ebuthathaka enokuthi iqhekeze ngexesha lokugalela okanye, ngakumbi, idale i-micro-cracks evumela ukuba isinyithi singene, sonakalise umphezulu. Ndibone iindawo ziphuma zikhangeleka ngathi zineendevu zeceramic. Kuko konke oku kuphinda kusebenze, okanye ukulahlwa.
Ubambiswano kunye negumbi leqokobhe lubalulekile. Kwi-QSY, ukuphosa kunye nomatshini kuphantsi kophahla olulodwa, oluncedayo. Oomatshini abathi kamva banqumle le nto ilukhuni baya kukhononda ngoko nangoko ukuba inkqubo yeqokobhe ivaliwe, kuba ubomi babo besixhobo buyehla xa bebetha umaleko osebenzayo. Lolophu yengxelo yangaphakathi ixabiseke kakhulu. Inyanzela icala le-Foundry ukuba libe ngumnini wengxaki ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni, kungekhona nje de inxalenye ishukunyiswa ngaphandle kwesanti.
Apho iCNC Machining ingena kwiNgxoxo
Hayi i-cobalt alloy casting Inxalenye 'yimilo yomnatha' ngokwenene. Uhlala ufuna umatshini, kwaye kulapho irabha idibana khona nendlela. Ii-alloys ze-cobalt ziyaziwa ngokuba nzima ukwenza umatshini. Zisebenza-zinzima ngokukhawuleza, zi-abrasive, kwaye zigcina amandla kumaqondo aphezulu. Indawo engasebenzanga kakuhle inokuba noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo okanye iintanda ezincinci eziya kubangela ukusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha kwinkonzo. Yiyo loo nto umsebenzi odibeneyo ubaluleke kakhulu.
Inxalenye ye-as-cast inesikali, inkqubo yesango, kunye nemathiriyeli engaphezulu ('isitokhwe'). Inyathelo lokuqala lidla ngokususa amasango ngevili elisikiweyo elirhabaxa—iintlantsi ezibhabha yonke indawo. Emva koko iya kwi-CNC yokusila okanye i-lathe. Ukukhetha isixhobo kuyo yonke into. Ufuna izixhobo eziqinileyo, amabakala e-premium carbide, ngamanye amaxesha kunye ne-ceramic okanye i-CBN ifakela ukugqiba. Uxinzelelo olupholileyo kunye nevolumu azinakuxoxisana; Kufuneka ukhukulise isikhukula ukulawula ubushushu kwaye uhlambe iitshiphusi. Itshiphu ephinda isike ngoko nangoko iyonakalisa ifake.
Senze uthotho lwezihlalo zealloy esekwe kwicobalt kwiivalvu zenkonzo ebukhali. Ukunyamezela kwiindawo zokutywinwa kwakukwii-microns. Umceli mngeni yayikukuba ukuphosa, emva kokunyangwa kobushushu, kunokuphazamiseka okuncinci, okungalindelekanga. Abacwangcisi benkqubo be-CNC kuye kwafuneka bakhe ekuphononongeni iindlela zokuya 'kumaphu' eyona jiyometri yenxalenye kumdlalo ngaphambi kokupasa kokugqibela. Yongeza ixesha, kodwa yayikuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa itywina. Olu hlobo lomatshini olulungelelanisayo alukho kwincwadi yesifundo; izalwa ngenxa yokulahla izinto ezimbalwa ezibiza imali eninzi kwaye ufumanisa ukuba kutheni.
UNyango loBubushushu: uMguqulo oThulileyo
Oku kunokuba ngowona mba ungahoywanga. Iipropati ze-cobalt alloy casting zenziwe kwisithando somlilo sokushisa, kungekhona isithando somlilo. Ukunyanga kwesisombululo, ukuguga-le mijikelezo ichaza i-microstructure yokugqibela, ukuhanjiswa kwe-carbide, kunye neempawu zomatshini. Yifumane kakubi, kwaye unenxalenye kunye nekhemistri efanelekileyo eyenza njengenkunkuma.
Ingxaki kukungaguquguquki. Inxalenye enkulu, engqindilili kunye nencinci, encinci, incinci ukusuka kubushushu obufanayo ayikwazi ukubona iprofayili yexesha elifanayo lobushushu. Undoqo wecandelo elishinyeneyo usenokungafikeleli kwisisombululo sobushushu, ushiya izigaba ezingafunekiyo. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu ngokuqhutywa kweeprototypes zokufakelwa koqhaqho. Amandla obunzima kunye nobomi bokudinwa babungangqinelani inxalenye nenxalenye. Unobangela yayikukulingana kweziko lobushushu kunye nepateni yethu yokulayisha. Kwafuneka sityale imali kwiziko ezichanekileyo ezinolawulo lwezowuni ezininzi kunye nemithetho engqongqo yolawulo lomthwalo. Ngoku, kumacandelo abalulekileyo, sisebenzisa ii-thermocouples ezifakwe kwiindawo zedini ngaphakathi komthwalo ukuqinisekisa imbali yobushushu.
Linyathelo elibiza imali eninzi, kodwa yinto eyahlula ukuthengiswa kwempahla kwicandelo elithembeke kakhulu. Awukwazi ukuhlola i-microstructure ibe yinxalenye; kufuneka usebenze kuyo. Lo mandla okubuyisela umva yinto eyenza umboneleli onjenge-QSY athembeke kumsebenzi wezonyango kunye ne-aerospace, apho amaphepha (itshati yokuphatha ukushisa) ibaluleke njengenxalenye ngokwayo.
Umlinganiselo wokwenyani: Uhlalutyo lokungaphumeleli kunye nokuphindaphinda
Uvavanyo lokwenyani lobuchwephesha kwi iindawo zokugalela ingxubevange yecobalt ayilonqaku lokuqala eligqibeleleyo. Yindlela obaphatha ngayo abo bangaphumeleliyo. Sasinecandelo lempompo yekhemikhali engazange iphumelele ukudinwa emva kwamakhulu ambalwa eeyure. Umthengi, ngokuqondakalayo, wayekhathazekile. I-post-mortem ibandakanya ukwahlula inxalenye, ukwenza uhlalutyo lwe-SEM / EDS kwindawo yokuphuka. Sifumene i-cluster of non-metallic inclusions-mhlawumbi iqhekeza le-ceramic eyaphukileyo ukusuka kwiqokobhe okanye i-slag particle-esebenza njengendawo yokuqaliswa kokuqhekeka.
Oko kukhokelele kuphononongo olupheleleyo lwenkqubo: ukuphucula ukuhluzwa kwethu kwesinyithi ngexesha lokugalelwa (satshintshela kwisihluzo se-ceramic foam kwinkqubo yokungena), uhlolo olungqongqo ngakumbi lwamaqokobhe e-ceramic phambi kokudityaniswa, kunye nokuphumeza ukutyibilika rhoqo kwe-slag ngexesha lokunyibilika. 'Ulungiso' yayingelonyathelo elinye; ibikukuqiniswa kwenkqubo yolawulo. Iqela elilandelayo liqhube ngaphandle kwengxaki. Olo kusilela, lubuhlungu kangakanani na, mhlawumbi lwenze okungakumbi ukuphucula inkqubo yethu kunemitsi eyimpumelelo elishumi elinesibini.
Eli licala elingenamdla. Ayikokuthengisa i-sizzle 'ye-aerospace-grade'. Imalunga nokuba nelebhu yesinyithi, iinkqubo zomgangatho, kunye nenkcubeko yokukrazula umsebenzi wakho, ufumane unobangela, kwaye utshintshe indlela osebenza ngayo. Nantso iminyaka engama-30 yamava ethetha. Kukuqokelelwa kwezi zilungiso zincinci, ziphumelele nzima ezakha inkqubo ethembekileyo yokwenza into ibenzima njenge i-cobalt-based alloy ukuphosa. Ekugqibeleni, inxalenye ilungile kuphela njengekhonkco elibuthathaka kwikhonkco elide kakhulu, ukusuka kwipatheni ye-wax ukuya ekuhlolweni kokugqibela.
