Uva 'i-cobalt esekelwe kwi-alloy parts' kwaye ngokukhawuleza ucinge 'isiphelo esiphezulu,' 'i-aerospace,' 'iimplants zonyango.' Akunjalo, kodwa ngumfanekiso ongaphelelanga. Inyani kwi-Foundry kunye nevenkile yomatshini ingaphezulu lee, igcwele ukuthomalalisa kunye nokuziphatha okungalindelekanga ukuba amaphepha edatha angasoloko ekulungiselela. Kukho uluvo oluphosakeleyo oluqhelekileyo lokuba ngenxa yokuba 'yi-superalloy,' ixolela ulawulo olubi lwenkqubo. Ngokwamava am, kuchasene ngqo; ifuna ukungqongqo ngakumbi, hayi kancinci, kwaye yohlwaya iintelekelelo ngenkohlakalo.
Ingxubevange ayisiyiyo nje ingxubevange
Xa sicaphula umsebenzi, masithi, icandelo lotywino lwe turbine i-cobalt esekelwe kwi-alloy, idabi lokuqala lidla ngokufuna izinto eziphathekayo. Ayingawo onke amabakala e-Co-Cr-W okanye e-Co-Cr-Mo adalwe alinganayo, naphantsi kwe-AMS okanye i-ASTM efanayo. Ukulandelela izinto ezivela kwi-melts ehlukeneyo, isakhiwo sengqolowa ye-bar stock okanye ukubuyisela izinto-ezi zinto zitshintsha ngokufihlakeleyo machinability kwaye, ngokugqithiseleyo, impendulo yoxinzelelo ngexesha lokutshala imali. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ngokuqhutywa kwemilomo yezitshisi. Ikhemistri 'yayiyi-spec,' kodwa iinxalenye zavelisa iintanda ezincinci ngexesha lokususwa kweqokobhe emva kokuphoswa. Umoni? Isiqulatho se-silicon esingekho kancinci esisuka kumboneleli omtsha ochaphazele ukuxhathisa kweenyembezi ezishushu. I spec ibiyi gate ebanzi, sangena sayongena kuyo.
Apha kulapho ubambiswano lwexesha elide kunye nababoneleli ngemathiriyeli abahloniphekileyo bungaxoxiswana. Incinci malunga nesatifikethi kunye nokunye malunga nokuhambelana kwebhetshi ukuya kwibhetshi. Kwinkampani efana neQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), enamashumi amathathu eminyaka ekukhupheni nasekusebenzeni, ukumisela ukuba ukuthembela kwekhonkco lokubonelela kube yinxalenye engundoqo yokusebenza. Awukwazi ukwakha ukuthembeka kwi-feedstock engahambelaniyo. Umsebenzi wabo uphela iinxalenye ze-cobalt ezisekelwe kwi-alloy, i-nickel alloys, kunye nee-specialty steels zithetha ukuba bakhe bazibona ezi zinto zingaguqukiyo zidlala ngokuphindaphindiweyo, zibumba ifilosofi yabo yokuthenga.
Omnye umaleko 'yifomu' yealloyi. Ngaba siqala nge virgin bar for machining? Usebenzisa ukubuyisela kwiziko lethu lokungenisa utyalo-mali? Okanye ukuphatha izinto ezichanekileyo ezithunyelwe kuthi ukuze zigqitywe ngomatshini? Indlela nganye inoluhlu olwahlukileyo lwemingeni. Isamente ingxubevange yecobalt icandelo liya kuba nemeko eyahlukileyo yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nokubandakanywa okunokubakho xa kuthelekiswa ne-billet eyenziweyo. Inkqubo yakho ye-CNC kunye nesicwangciso sendlela yesixhobo kufuneka siphendule loo mahluko ukusuka ekuqaleni.
Ukwenziwa koTyalo-mali: Apho umlingo kunye neentloko ezibuhlungu zenzeke
Ukungunda kweqokobhe kunye nokufakwa kotyalo-mali kuyindlela entsonkothileyo, ekufutshane ne-net-shape iinxalenye ze-cobalt ezisekelwe kwi-alloy. Uzinzo lwe-dimensional kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu kuhle kakhulu, kodwa inkqubo yefestile imxinwa. I-cobalt alloys ineendawo eziphezulu zokunyibilika kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwe-thermal. Oku kukhokelela ekunyukeni kwemitha ye-thermal ngexesha lokuqina. Ukuba isango lakho lokungena kunye nokunyuka akwenziwanga ngokugqibeleleyo-kwaye ndithetha ngokugqibeleleyo kwelo candelo lejometri-uya kufumana i-shrinkage porosity okanye iindawo ezishushu eziye zibe ziindawo zokuqalisa ukuqhekeka.
Sakhe sachitha iiveki sizama ukuphelisa i-porosity kwi-flange eshinyeneyo yecandelo levalvu. Iphepha ledatha lathi ukuphosa okuhle. Isango lethu lokuqala lilandele imithetho eqhelekileyo yentsimbi. Yasilela. Kwafuneka sifudukele kwindawo eyingozi ngakumbi, eshushu ngakumbi ukuze sigcine ulwelo lwesinyithi lude kwelo candelo, nto leyo eyayibeka esichengeni sokukhukuliseka kokungunda. Yayisisenzo sokulungelelanisa esasonjululwa ngolingo oluphindaphindayo, hayi ithiyori yencwadi. Le yiR&D engathandekiyo eyenzeka kumgangatho wevenkile.
Emva kokuphoswa, ukususwa kweqokobhe kubalulekile. Ezi ngxube zisebenza nzima kakhulu. Ukuba undlongondlongo kakhulu ngokunkqonkqoza koomatshini, unokwenza uxinzelelo oluthi kamva lunxibelelane noxinzelelo lomatshini, olukhokelela ekugqwetheni. Sihlala sisebenzisa indibaniselwano ye-vibration kunye nomothuko we-thermal ngononophelo. Nangona kunjalo, awusoze uqiniseke ngokupheleleyo de icandelo lokuqala liye kwi-CMM. Esi sigaba sifuna umonde ochasene noxinzelelo lweshedyuli yemveliso.
Ukutshiza: UbuGcisa boBundlavini obulawulwayo
Umatshini iinxalenye ze-cobalt ezisekelwe kwi-alloy kulapho ubomi besixhobo sethiyori budibana nobunyani. Ezi mathiriyeli zigcina amandla aphezulu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, nto leyo ethetha ukuba 'azithambi' kwinqanaba lokusika. Endaweni yoko, bayajika kwaye basebenze-lukhuni umphezulu ozama ukuwusika. Into ephambili kukugcina ukudibanisa okuthe gqolo, okulungileyo kunye nezixhobo ezibukhali, ezikhethekileyo-i-carbide amabakala enzelwe i-alloys ephezulu yokushisa, kunye neengubo ezithile ezifana ne-AlTiN.
Impazamo yakudala kukucothisa isantya sesondlo ukuze 'sikhuseleke.' Oku kudla ngokwenza izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi, kubangela ukuba isixhobo sihlikihle endaweni yokucheba, sivelise ubushushu obuninzi kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuqina komsebenzi. Kufuneka ube ndlongondlongo phakathi kweeparamitha ezichanekileyo. Ukupholisa yenye ingxoxo. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu, isixhobo sokupholisa ngesixhobo siphantse sibe sinyanzeliso sokukhupha iitshiphusi kunye nokulawula ubushushu, kodwa ukuhanjiswa kufuneka kungabinasiphako. Naluphi na uphazamiseko lukhokelela kukusilela kwesixhobo ngoko nangoko. Ndikhe ndabona isiphelo sokusila se-$200 satshatyalaliswa ngemizuzwana kuba umgca wokupholisa ufumene i-kink encinci.
Ukulungisa sisiqingatha sedabi. Ngenxa yemikhosi yokusika ephezulu kunye noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo olusuka ekugaleleni, iinxalenye zinokuhamba. Udinga amandla, ahlala eyisiko, izilungiso ezixhasa indawo ngaphandle koxinzelelo lokucinezela oluya kubuya emva kwexesha. Kuhlobo lweengcambu zeblade ye-injini entsonkothileyo, sinokuchitha ixesha elininzi siyila kwaye singqina umzobo njengenkqubo yomatshini ngokwayo. Ayiqhelekanga ukuba nenqaku lokuqala libaleke apho inxalenye igqibelele kodwa ibambeke ngokusisigxina kumdlalo ngenxa yokuba ujongele phantsi amandla okubamba afunekayo ukunqanda incoko.
I-Real-World Application kunye neendlela zokungaphumeleli
Uninzi lwezi nxalenye azihlali nje eshelufini; bakwiindawo ezohlwayayo. Cinga ngeevalvu zokukhupha ii-injini ezisebenza kakhulu okanye unxibe iipads kwisixhobo sokwenza imichiza. Imowudi yokusilela esihlala sizama ukuyinqanda ayikokwaphuka okuyingozi, kodwa ukuhla kancinci kancinci njengobushushu obuphezulu, i-sulfidation, okanye ukunxitywa okukhathazayo.
Ndikhumbula imeko kunye nomxhasi owayedinga izikhokelo ezinganxibiyo kumgca wokubumba oshushu. Ekuqaleni basebenzisa isixhobo esiqinileyo sentsimbi, esasilela ngokukhawuleza. Sicebise ukuba a i-cobalt esekelwe kwi-alloy njenge-Stellite 6 ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okushushu kunye nokumelana ne-galling. Amalungu aqhube kakuhle, kodwa emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, abonakala eqhekeka ngokungalindelekanga. Oyena nobangela? Umjikelo wokusebenza wawubandakanya ukucima ngokukhawuleza kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu, esingakhange siphendule ngokupheleleyo ngalo. Umothuko we-thermal ubangele uxinzelelo oludityaniswe ne-alloy's inherent low ductility kumaqondo asezantsi obushushu, kubangele ukudinwa kweentanda. Isisombululo ibingelotshintsho oluphathekayo, kodwa idizayini yoyilo ukongeza iimpawu zokunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo. Yayisisifundo ekujongeni ngaphaya kweepropathi zedatha yedatha kunxibelelwano lwenkqubo epheleleyo.
Apha kulapho amava omenzi wezinto ezahlukeneyo ahlawula khona. Ivenkile esebenze kakhulu kunye neentsimbi ezingenastainless for corrosion and ialloys esekwe cobalt Ukunxiba kukhulisa intuition yezi ndlela zokusilela kurhwebo. Basenokubuza imibuzo efanelekileyo malunga nemeko-bume yokusebenza leyo umyili asenokungacingi ukuyichaza.
Ishishini lokuzenza: Ukuhambelana ngaphezulu kweHype
Ekugqibeleni, ukuvelisa okuthembekileyo iinxalenye ze-cobalt ezisekelwe kwi-alloy ayikokuba nowona matshini ucwebezelayo we-5-axis (nangona oko kunceda). Imalunga nolawulo lwenkqubo nolwazi lweziko. Imalunga nokubhala oko kusebenzayo kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, okungazange kwenzeke kumsebenzi wokugqibela ofanayo. Kumalunga nokuba nee-metallurgists ezikwaziyo ukufunda indawo eqhekekileyo kunye neengcali ze-machinist ezinokumamela isandi sokusikwa kwaye zazi ukuba akuhambanga kakuhle.
Iinkampani ezihlala kule niche, njengeQSY (Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology), ngokuqhelekileyo banobunzulu obo. Imbali yabo yeminyaka engama-30 kubumba lweqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, kudityaniswa nomatshini we-CNC wangaphakathi, icebisa ukuba bazifaka ngaphakathi ezi zifundo. Abathengisi nje inxalenye; bathengisa ukukwazi ukuzulazula lonke uhambo ukusuka kwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ukuya kwinxalenye egqityiweyo, echanekileyo eya kusinda kwisicelo esinzima. Kumthengi, olo lawulo lokuya ekupheleni ludla ngokuba luxabiseke ngaphezu kogcino lweendleko eziphantsi, njengoko lunciphisa umngcipheko wentlekele, ukusilela kwintsimi ebiza imali eninzi.
Imarike yezi ndawo iyakhula, ngakumbi kumandla kunye noomatshini abakhethekileyo boshishino. Kodwa umqobo wokungena uphezulu. Ayiloshishini lokuthengisa. Impumelelo ixhomekeke ekuhlonipheni ubuntu bezinto eziphathekayo, ukutyala imali kubantu abafanelekileyo kunye neenkqubo, kunye nokuqonda ukuba ngamanye amaxesha, esona sisombululo sibandakanya ukuthetha nomxhasi ngaphandle. ingxubevange yecobalt kunye nentsimbi ephezulu yensimbi engenasici eya kwenza ngokufanelekileyo kwiqhekeza leendleko kunye nentloko. Ukwazi ixesha lokungasetyenziswa kubaluleke njengokwazi indlela yokuwenza.
