Xa umntu ecela 'ixabiso lotyalo-mali,' ndiye ndizibuze ukuba yintoni kanye ayifunayo. Ngaba linani nje lokuthelekisa nomnye umboneleli, okanye ngaba bayayiqonda into eyondla kwelo nani lokugqibela? Kwiminyaka yam, ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi ziphazamisekile ngenxa yokuba isicatshulwa sokuqala saphathwa njengeendleko ezisisigxina, xa enyanisweni, sisiqalo nje sencoko. Ixabiso lokwenyani alikho nje kwintsimbi ekwinxalenye; yeyohambo lonke lokuguqula ipateni ye-wax ibe yinto egqityiweyo, esebenzayo. Makhe sithethe malunga nokuba yintoni eneneni enyusa okanye ezantsi elo nani.
Amanani asuka phi
Ufumana isicelo, mhlawumbi imodeli ye-3D okanye umzobo nje. Ithuku lokuqala kukubala ubunzima besinyithi kunye nokuphindaphinda. Yeyona mpazamo inkulu. I ixabiso lokuphosa utyalo-mali iqala ngokungunda. Isixhobo esilula, esinamacandelo amabini kwisixhobo esisisiseko yinto enye. Kodwa ukuba indawo inee-undercuts, iindonga ezibhityileyo, okanye itshaneli zangaphakathi ezintsonkothileyo, ujonge ukubumba okuninzi kwesilayidi okanye ii-ceramic cores. Ezo ndleko zokusebenzisa izixhobo ziye zehliswe, kodwa yinto yokwenyani, yangaphambili. Ndikhumbula ndicaphula i-impeller yempompo; umxhasi wothuswa kukuba isixhobo sasiyi-70% ye-PO yokuqala. Kodwa ngaphandle kwaloo ndibano ingundoqo, inxalenye ayinakwenziwa. Isicatshulwa besingekho phezulu; yayichanile.
Emva koko kukho i-wax. Ayifani yonke iwax. Kwiindawo ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo, udinga i-low-shrinkage, i-high-stability blend. Ibiza ngaphezulu. Inkqubo yokujova i-wax ngokwayo-uxinzelelo, ukushisa, ixesha lokujikeleza-konke kuchaphazela umgangatho wepateni kwaye, ngenxa yoko, isivuno. Ipateni yewax eyenziwe kakubi iqinisekisa ukuqhekeka kweqokobhe kunye nokungena kwentsimbi kamva, okuthetha ukulahlwa. Kwaye i-scrap lixabiso elihlala lihlala lifumana indlela yokubuyela kwi ixabiso lokuphosa utyalo-mali ngeqhekeza kwi-odolo elandelayo, ukuba umthengisi ufuna ukuhlala kwishishini.
Ukhetho lwezinto ezibonakalayo ngumqhubi ocacileyo, kodwa akukho mgca. I-304 engenabala yinto eqhelekileyo. Kodwa xa utsibela kwi-alloy esekwe kwi-nickel njenge-Inconel 718, awuhlawuleli nje iprimiyamu yezinto ezikrwada. Uhlawulela umoya olawulayo ukunyibilika, ukuphathwa okukhethekileyo kweembuyekezo (i-gating kunye ne-sprues), kwaye rhoqo, inkqubo ecothayo kakhulu yokwakha iqokobhe ukunqanda ukusabela. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye namashumi amathathu eminyaka ekusatywayo kunye ne-alloys ekhethekileyo, inokubangela oku ngokwethuku. Ukucaphula kwabo inxalenye ye-valve esekelwe kwi-cobalt iya kwakhiwa ngokuhlukileyo ngokupheleleyo ukusuka kwenye ye-carbon steel bracket, nangona ubunzima obufanayo.
Ii-multiplier ezifihliweyo abakuxeleli ngazo
Iimfuno zokugqiba umgangatho. Ra 3.2 vs. Ra 1.6. Oko kubonakala njengomahluko omncinci kwiphepha elithile. Kumgangatho wevenkile, kunokuthetha inqanaba elongezelelweyo lokugquma uludaka, istucco yesanti ecolekileyo, okanye ukutshintshela kwi-silica edityanisiweyo eqhelekileyo ukuya kwidyasi esekwe kwi-zircon. Inyathelo ngalinye longeza ixesha, ixabiso lezinto eziphathekayo, nomsebenzi. Ukuba ukhwaza 'njengokuphoswa' kugqityiwe, ixabiso liyehla. Kodwa ukuba ufuna umphezulu olungele i-plating okanye ubushushu obuphezulu, inkqubo yeqokobhe ibiza kakhulu. Oku akufane kucatshulwe kwisicatshulwa esilula; ibhakiwe kwireyithi yekhilogram.
Ubungakanani bokuodola kunye nokuphindaphinda. Uqoqosho oluqhelekileyo lwesikali luyasebenza, kodwa ngokujija. Umdibaniso wamaqhekeza angama-10,000 uvumela isango lokungena elilungelelanisiweyo, apho unokudibanisa iinxalenye ezingama-20 emthini. Ixabiso leyunithi liyehla. Kodwa ngamaqhekeza angama-50? Usakha iqokobhe elipheleleyo lomthi onokubamba iinxalenye ezi-4 kuphela. Umsebenzi wokudibanisa, ukudipha, kunye ne-stucco kuphantse kufana. Ixabiso leyunithi liphezulu, kwaye kufanelekile. Apha kulapho abathengi abatsha bephoxeka khona. Babona 'uphezulu' ixabiso lokuphosa utyalo-mali kubaleka iprototype kwaye uhambe, ungaqondi ukuba ulwakhiwo lwexabiso lomthamo ophantsi lwahluke kakhulu. Imodeli ye-QSY, egubungela ukwenza umngundo ukuya kumatshini we-CNC, eneneni iyanceda apha. Banokufunxa okunye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweprototyping ukuba babona indlela eya kwimveliso yevolumu kunye nomsebenzi womatshini olandelayo.
Uvavanyo kunye nesiqinisekiso. Yenze ukuba ishicilelwe itshiphu. Yenza ukuba ushicilele kwaye unikeze iicerts eziphathekayo ezipheleleyo kwi-ASTM A985, kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-radiographic nge-100% sisilo esahlukileyo. Ukuhlolwa ngalunye-idayi yokungena, i-X-ray, i-CMM-yongeza iindleko ezizinzileyo kunye neziguquguqukayo. Ndineeprojekthi apho iprothokholi yovavanyo ixabisa ngaphezulu kokuphoswa ngokwayo. Ayilophawu; yi-inshurensi kunye nobungqina. Ukuba ukwi-aerospace okanye kwezonyango, eli lixabiso. Ukuyishiya kwi-RFQ yakho yokuqala ukufumana 'ixabiso lesitikha esisezantsi' kuyindlela yokujongana nentlekele kwaye utshintshe imiyalelo kamva.
Imeko yokwenyani: Apho ixabiso lihambe kakubi khona (kwaye ekunene)
Sasinomthengi owakha wafumana indawo yokuhlala kwisicelo saselwandle. Bafumana izicatshulwa ezintathu. Eyethu ibiphakathi. Oyena uphantsi wayevela kwivenkile encinci eyayithembisa inyanga. Inxalenye yayikwi-316 engenabala. Umniki-maxabiso ophantsi waziswa, kodwa iindawo zine-micro-porosity. Ayibonakali, kodwa phantsi koxinzelelo, zavuza. Umxhasi ujongene nebhetshi epheleleyo yokukhumbula. I ixabiso lokuphosa utyalo-mali bahlawula, ekugqibeleni, ngu-zero, kuba amalungu ayengenaxabiso. Iindleko zokungaphumeleli- ukuyila ngokutsha, ukulungisa izixhobo zokusebenza, ukulibaziseka kokuqaliswa kwemveliso-yawunciphisa umahluko phakathi kwekowuti yethu kunye nephantsi.
Senze ntoni ngokwahlukileyo? Inkqubo yethu, eyahlonitshwa kwiminyaka efana ne-QSY, ibandakanya inyathelo lokuqina loxinzelelo lwaloo jiyometri ithile ukondla iindawo ezidityanisiweyo ezibhityileyo. Yongeza isohlwayo sexesha lomjikelo. Isicaphulo sethu sibonise oko. Eyabo ayizange ikwenze oko, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokungazi okanye ngethemba lokuba ayizukuba ngumcimbi. Oku kungundoqo kuyo: ixabiso elithembekileyo libonisa inkqubo eqinisekisiweyo. Inika ingxelo kwimigibe eyaziwayo. Ixabiso eliphantsi lidla ngokuwela iminwe yalo.
Umyalelo wokulandelela weza kuthi. Sasebenzisa izixhobo ezifanayo (ezasindayo, enye indleko edla ngokulityalwa—ubomi besixhobo). Ixabiso ngenxalenye nganye yayingaphantsi kunesicatshulwa sethu sokuqala kuba umngcipheko wawuphelile. Sasisazi ukuba le nkqubo isebenzile. Obu bubudlelwane bexesha elide olwenziwa lixabiso lokuqala elingafihliyo. Ayikokuba ngoyena uxabisa imali eninzi ngosuku lokuqala; imalunga neendleko ezichanekileyo kubomi beprojekthi.
Umatshini: Iqabane elithuleyo kwiindleko zokugqibela
Oku kubalulekile kwaye apho ivenkile edibeneyo ibonisa ixabiso layo. Inxalenye ye as-cast phantse ayisoze ibe yinxalenye yokugqibela. Udinga izibonelelo zoomatshini kubuso obubalulekileyo. Isiseko esihle siya kunciphisa oku, kodwa kuhlala kukho. Ukuba ufumana isicatshulwa sokuphosa kwi-Foundry A kunye nesicatshulwa somatshini esivela kwiVenkile yoMatshini B, uphosa iqhekeza elikhulu lephazili yeendleko.
I-Foundry idinga ukuqonda ukuba ziphi iimpawu ze-datum, apho ukunyamezela okuqinileyo, ukuze bakwazi ukubeka inxalenye emthini kwaye bongeze isitokhwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba abalawuli umatshini, ubeka emngciphekweni inxalenye ephosa kakuhle kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba ibambe kunye nomatshini ngaphandle kokulahla ingqibelelo. Ndibone iindawo apho ixabiso lomatshini liphindaphindeke kathathu ngenxa yokuba umthengisi obeka isango kwindawo ebekufanele ukuba yeyona ndawo iphambili yedatha. Umsebenzi odibeneyo othe nkqo QSY iyayiphepha le nto. Iinjineli zabo zokuphosa kunye nabadwelisi benkqubo be-CNC bathetha omnye nomnye. I ixabiso lokuphosa utyalo-mali banikezela ngesamente kunye nephakheji yomatshini ikholisa ukuba yinyani kwaye isezantsi ngokugqibeleleyo kunesambuku sesicatshulwa ezibini ezahlukeneyo, kuba bayiyile inkqubo yekhonkco ngokupheleleyo ukusuka ekuqaleni.
Bakwaphatha amalungiselelo kunye nomngcipheko. Ngubani onoxanduva ukuba intanda ifunyenwe ngexesha lomatshini? Ukuba ngumthengisi omnye, impendulo icacile. Ukuba zimbini, ngumsebenzi wokukhomba umnwe obambezela yonke into. Oko kulibaziseka kuneendleko, nako, nangona kungazange kubonakale kuyo nayiphi na inkcazo ye-P&L kude kube sekuhlwile.
Ke, kufuneka uyivavanye njani iQuote?
Musa ukujonga nje umgca ongezantsi. Yaphula. Cela ulwakhiwo lweendleko ezisisiseko: i-amortization yezixhobo, iindleko zemathiriyeli ngekg (kubandakanywa nentlawulo ye-alloy surcharge), iindleko zokusetyenzwa, kunye neendleko zokuvavanya. Umthengisi othembekileyo onje nge-QSY, enembali ende, akayi kuba nantloni kule nto. Bayazi ukuba yakha ukuthembana. Ukuba umthengisi ukunika isixa esinye kwaye akavumi ukuchaza kabanzi, lumka.
Umxholo yinto yonke. Ngaba bacaphula ngokusekwe kwimodeli yakho ye-3D oyinikiweyo, okanye baye benza uphononongo lokwenziwa kokwenziwa? Isicatshulwa esihle sibandakanya iingcebiso-Ukuba sihambisa olu mbambo 2mm, sinokuphepha undoqo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko ze-tooling nge-30%. Liqabane elo, hayi nje umthengisi. Ixabiso emva kokuphumeza utshintsho olunjalo loyilo-lwe-manufacturability luyinyani, luphuculwe ixabiso lokuphosa utyalo-mali.
Okokugqibela, cinga ngexabiso lilonke lobunini. Bandakanya ixesha elikhokelayo (umsebenzi ongxamisekileyo ubiza ngaphezulu), ukuhambelana komgangatho (iindleko zokuhlola kunye namazinga okusilela), kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa. Esona sicatshulwa sincinci sokuqala esikhokelela kumgca wemveliso omileyo lolona khetho lubiza kakhulu onokuthi ulukhethe. Injongo kukufumana ixabiso elimele inkqubo ezinzileyo, ephindaphindiweyo, kunye nethembekileyo. Nantso inombolo eneneni ebalulekileyo. Yonke enye into yintelekelelo nje enethemba.
