Xa uqala ukuva 'iindleko zotyalo-mali ngekhilogram,' kuyahenda ukucinga ukuba kukho ikhadi eliqhelekileyo lokulinganisa phaya. Nam ndandidla ngokucinga ngolo hlobo. Inyani imbi ngakumbi. Elo nani ayiloxabiso lesincamathelisi; sisiphelo seshumi elinesibini lezinto eziguquguqukayo ezingqubanayo, kwaye ukucaphula ngokuthe ngqo kwisiseko sekilo nganye ngaphandle komxholo yindlela iiprojekthi ezihamba ngayo emacaleni ngokukhawuleza. Sisiqalo sencoko, hayi impendulo.
Apho i-Quote ye-Kg iwa ngokwahlukeneyo
Masikhuphe okucacileyo endleleni. Ewe, ixabiso lezinto eziphathekayo ngumqhubi omkhulu. Ikhilogram ye-304 yensimbi engenasici ngokuchasene nekhilogram ye-Inconel 718? Umahluko weendleko zealloyi ekrwada mkhulu. Kodwa ukuba ujonga kuphela oko, sele ulahlekile. Iindleko zokwenyani ziqala ngohlobo ozama ukulwenza. Iqhina elilula, eliqinileyo liya kuba nokwahluka kakhulu iindleko zotyalo-mali ngekg xa kuthelekiswa nodonga olucekethekileyo, iblayidi yeinjini entsonkothileyo enobunzima bokugqibela obufanayo. Iblade itya izinto ezithe chatha iqokobhe leceramic, inomngcipheko ophezulu wokuqhekeka kweqokobhe, ifuna izixhobo zewax ezichanekileyo, kwaye ihlala ibona ireyithi ephezulu ye-scrap. Iindleko ngekhilogram yenxalenye enzima inokuphinda kabini okanye kathathu leyo elula, nokuba inezinto ezifanayo.
Emva koko kukho umthamo weodolo. Apha kulapho abantu abatsha bakhubeka khona. Ixabiso leyunithi ye-50-piece prototype run yi-astronomical xa kuthelekiswa nomyalelo wemveliso ye-10,000. Iindleko ezimiselweyo-ukuyila i-wax die, ukumisa iiparameters zenkqubo, ukuhlolwa kwenqaku lokuqala-fumana i-amortized phezu kweeyunithi ezipheleleyo. Kwiibhetshi ezincinci, i iindleko zotyalo-mali ngekg ilawulwa zezi iinzame zokumisela kunye nobunjineli, hayi isinyithi. Ndizibonile iikowuti apho ixabiso le-kilogram nganye liphezulu kakhulu kangangokuba boyikisa abathengi, kodwa xa siphinda sibala umthamo omkhulu, kuye kwakhuphisana ngokwenziwa. Umbuzo wevolumu kufuneka ulungiswe kuqala.
Ukugqiba ngumbulali webhajethi othuleyo. As-cast? Ukuqhushumba kwegrit ekhanyayo? Ubuchwephesha obugcweleyo be-CNC bokunyamezelana? Ngamnye wongeza iileya zeendleko ezingenanto yakwenza nobunzima bokuphosa. Inxalenye inokuphuma kwiqokobhe ngexesha elifanelekileyo iindleko zotyalo-mali ngekg, kodwa ukuba ifuna i-five-axis machining kumphezulu ngamnye, ixabiso lecandelo lokugqibela likumatshini, hayi ukuphosa. Ivenkile eyenza zombini, njengeQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), inenzuzo apha. Bayakwazi ukubona yonke inkqubo ukusuka kwi-wax ukuya kwinxalenye egqityiweyo, ehlala ikhokelela kuyilo lwe-tweaks kwangethuba ukunciphisa iindleko ezipheleleyo, kunokuba ulungiselele nje inqanaba lokuphosa.
IiLevers ezifihliweyo: i-Wax, i-Shell, kunye ne-Yield
Isixhobo se-wax bubugcisa. I-aluminiyam enexabiso eliphantsi, enecavity enye inokusebenza kumakhulu ambalwa amaqhekeza. Kwiijometri ezintsonkothileyo okanye imiqulu ephezulu, udinga i-multi-cavity, intsimbi eqinile iyafa. Olo tyalo-mali lwezixhobo zokuqala lunokuba ngamashumi amawaka, kodwa lucutha kakhulu ixabiso lepateni yeyunithi nganye. Ukhetho apha luzondla ngokuthe ngqo kumdlalo wakho wokugqibela iindleko zotyalo-mali ngekg. Ngaba uyayenza i-amortize phezu komyalelo wokuqala, okanye ucwangcisele impinda yexesha elizayo? Sisigqibo sobuchule.
Inkqubo yokwakha iqokobhe yenye indawo yezinto eziguquguqukayo ezifihliweyo. Ingubo yobuso be-zirconia-silica eqhelekileyo isebenza kwiintsimbi ezininzi. Kodwa kwii-alloys ezisebenzayo njenge-titanium okanye ezo zintlu ze-nickel eziphezulu ze-nickel ze-QSY, udinga izibophelelo ezizodwa kunye ne-refractories. Ezi zixhobo ziyabiza, kwaye inkqubo ifuna abasebenzi abaninzi. Ixabiso leqokobhe kwiyunithi nganye ngokulula linokuba ngama-30-50% ngaphezulu. Kwaye ukuba igobolondo iyasilela ngexesha lokukhupha okanye ukugalela? Leyo yilahleko epheleleyo yazo zonke iindleko ezenziweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngelo xesha. Izinga lesivuno yeyona rhuluneli yeendleko. Isivuno se-90% ngokuchasene ne-70% yesivuno sitshintsha uqoqosho lomsebenzi wonke. Ukufumana isivuno esiphezulu kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo kulapho amashumi eminyaka yamava, njengembali ye-QSY yeminyaka engama-30, ahlawula. Asiyonto uyifumana kwincwadi yesifundo.
Unyango lobushushu kunye novavanyo ludla ngokuba ziingcamango zamva kwisicatshulwa. Ngaba inxalenye idinga unyango lwesisombululo kunye nokuguga? Ngaba ifuna i-100% ye-X-reyi okanye i-dayi yokuhlolwa kokungena? Ezi zizinto zomgca ezongeza iindleko ngenxalenye nganye, hayi ngekhilogram nganye. Ndake ndasebenza kwi-bracket ye-aerospace apho unyango lwe-post-casting heat kunye neendleko ze-NDT ziphelile zibe yi-40% yexabiso lenxalenye epheleleyo. I iindleko zotyalo-mali ngekg kuba ukuphoswa ekrwada bekulungile, kodwa inxalenye yokugqibela ibingekho. Kuya kufuneka ulinganise yonke inkcazo.
Ukuthelekiswa kwehlabathi lokwenyani: Amacandelo amabini, ubunzima obufanayo
Nanku umzekelo obambekayo osuka kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Sasinamacandelo amabini, sobabini sigqibezela malunga ne-1.2 kg kwi-17-4 PH yensimbi engenasici. Icandelo A yayiyindlu yevalvu ehlangeneyo, enechunky. Icandelo B yayisisibiyeli esikhaphukhaphu esineimbambo ezibhityileyo kunye neelugi ezinyukayo. Ukusuka kumbono wobunzima bentsimbi ecocekileyo, zazifana.
Ucazululo lweendleko zeCandelo A lwalungqalile. Isixhobo se-wax esilula (umngxuma omnye, i-aluminium die). Ukwakhiwa kweqokobhe olulula kunye nesivuno esihle. Ukugqitywa okuncinci-ukuqhuma nje kwegrit kunye nokulungiswa kobuso obumbalwa bokutywina. Elokugqibela iindleko zotyalo-mali ngekg yayinokhuphiswano, kwaye inxalenye yexabiso iyonke yayinengqondo.
Inxalenye B yayiliphupha elibi. Iimbambo ezibhityileyo zazifuna ukufa kwewax entsonkothileyo eneecores ezisuswayo. Isakhiwo soonokrwece sasinobuqhetseba—ukugcina loo macandelo abhityileyo ezaliswe ngaphandle kweenyembezi ezishushu kwaba lucelomngeni, ukwehlisa isivuno sethu sokuqala ukuya kuma-65%. Inxalenye nganye yayifuna umatshini obanzi we-CNC kwiilugs. Ixabiso ngekg yekhilogram yokuzijula ngokwalo laliphantse libe yi-2.5 umphinda-phindeke kwiCandelo A. Iprojekthi iye yasinda ngenxa yokuba sisebenze nomyili kunye nesiseko (ivenkile enecandelo eliqinileyo lomatshini, kufana noko ungakufumana kuyo. Indawo edibeneyo ye-QSY) ukujiya kancinane iimbambo ezithile kwaye uhlengahlengise i-lug geometry ukuze kube lula ukwenziwa. Sathengisa intwana yobunzima ukuze sifumane inzuzo enkulu ekwenzeni izinto. Inxalenye ehlaziyiweyo iindleko zotyalo-mali ngekg yehle malunga ne-30%. Lolo luhlobo lwentsebenziswano oluchaza iprojekthi eyimpumelelo.
Kutheni uMboneleli oDityanisiweyo etshintsha iKhalculus
Oku kukhokelela kwinqaku elibalulekileyo. Ukufumana umfanekiso wexabiso lilonke kunzima kakhulu xa ujongene nesiseko esizimeleyo, ivenkile yoomatshini eyahlukileyo, kunye nomntu wesithathu onyanga ubushushu. Izikhewu zonxibelelwano, ukungquzulana kolungiselelo, kunye nokukhombana ngeminwe xa kuvela imiba zonke zongeza iindleko ezifihlakeleyo zentengiselwano. Yilapho imodeli yenkampani efana neQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) yenza ingqiqo. Ukuba neqokobhe lokungunda, utyalo-mali, kunye nomatshini we-CNC phantsi kophahla olunye ayiyondawo yokuthengisa.
Kuthetha ukuba oomatshini banokuthetha nabenzi bepateni kwangethuba. Banokucebisa ukongeza i-millimeter yesitokhwe kwindawo ebalulekileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucoceka, okanye bacebise ukuguqulwa kwe-angle eyidrafti eyenza i-wax ejection icoceke. Ezi zixhobo zincinci kwinqanaba loyilo-lokwenza ukuveliswa (DFM) linempembelelo engaphezulu kwindleko yecandelo lokugqibela kunye nokuthembeka. Ugcino lweendleko alusoloko luphantsi iindleko zotyalo-mali ngekg kwiphepha lokucaphula; bakwinkunkuma ethintelweyo, ukuncitshiswa kwexesha lobuchwephesha, kunye nenguqu ekhawulezayo iyonke. Uhlawulela ukuhambelana.
Uluhlu lwazo lwezinto eziphathekayo, ukusuka kwiintsimbi ezityhidiweyo ukuya kwi-cobalt kunye ne-nickel alloys, nazo zibonisa izinga lolawulo lwenkqubo. Ukuphatha ezo ngxubevange zikhethekileyo akuthethi nje ukuba neziko eliba shushu ngokwaneleyo. Kumalunga nokwazi indlela yokungena kunye nokunyuka kwabo, ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo zeqokobhe ezinokusetyenziswa, kunye nendlela yokulawula ukuqina. Obo buchule buthintela iintsilelo ze-metallurgical ezibiza kakhulu. Kumthengi, kuthetha ukuba unokumthemba lowo ucatshulweyo iindleko zotyalo-mali ngekg Inxalenye ye-superalloy isekelwe kumava okwenene, alukhuni, kungekhona ukuqikelela okunethemba.
Ukujonga i-Quote: Imibuzo ekumele uyibuze
Ke, xa uvavanya isicatshulwa esisekwe kwixabiso lekhilogram nganye, kufuneka umbe ntoni? Okokuqala, cacisa isiseko. Ngaba eli xabiso lemeko ye-as-cast, okanye iquka ukugqitywa okusemgangathweni? Ithini iodolo yobungakanani? Ngaba iindleko zezixhobo zokusebenza zibandakanyiwe okanye zahlukene?
Okwesibini, buza malunga nengqikelelo yesivuno. Ivenkile ehloniphekileyo iya kuba nesivuno esijoliswe kuyo ngokusekelwe kwinxalenye yejometri kunye nezinto eziphathekayo. Ukuba abazukukunika inombolo, lumka. Uqikelelo lwesivuno esiphantsi yiflegi ebomvu yokungazinzi kwenkqubo. Okwesithathu, dwelisa ngokucacileyo zonke iimfuno zasemva kokuphoswa. Fumana ucaphulo ezahlukeneyo unyango ubushushu, NDT, kunye machining. Oku kungafihlwa kukuvumela ukuba ubone apho iya khona imali yokwenyani.
Okokugqibela, zibandakanye kwi-DFM. Eyona xabiso liphantsi iindleko zotyalo-mali ngekg ihlala ivela kuyilo oluhlonipha amandla kunye nezithintelo zenkqubo. Thumela umzobo wakho kumthengisi okwaziyo, odibeneyo kwangethuba. Iingxelo zabo malunga nokulingana kodonga, ii-engile zokuyila, kunye nokudityaniswa kweempawu kunokongeza iveki kumda wexesha kodwa kunokonga i-20% kwixabiso lilonke. Iguqula uphando olulula lwexabiso kwintsebenziswano, eyona ndlela yokulawula iindleko kweli shishini. Inombolo ye-kg ngumnyango nje ongena kuwo ukuqalisa loo ncoko.
