Uva 'umatshini wokuchaneka ngokwesiko' kwaye uninzi lweengqondo zitsibela ngqo ekunyamezeleni okuqinileyo kunye neemodeli ezibengezelayo zeCAD. Leyo yinxalenye yayo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa yinxalenye elula. Ibali lokwenyani liqala xa imodeli ibetha emgangathweni wevenkile kwaye ujonge kwi-billet ye-Inconel okanye ukuphosa okurhabaxa okungahambelani ncam noshicilelo. Lo msantsa phakathi kwelizwe ledijithali eligqibeleleyo kunye nokwenyama, ngamanye amaxesha anenkani, ubunyani besinyithi-kulapho ubuchwephesha bokwenyani buhlala khona. Ayikokulandela imiyalelo nje; imalunga nokuzitolika, ukuziqhelanisa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukuphikisana nabo ukwenza inxalenye esebenzayo.
Isiseko: Iqala ngombandela
Awukwazi ukuthetha ngokuchanekileyo ungakhange uqale uthethe ngento oyisikayo. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi kakhulu zikhubeka ngaphandle kwesango kuba i-spec yemathiriyeli iphathwe njengombhalo osemazantsi. Thatha inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY)-babekwi-casting kunye noomatshini amashumi eminyaka. Xa bekhankanya ukusebenza nge-nickel-based or cobalt-based alloys, ayiloluhlu nje kwiwebhusayithi. Lowo ngumqondiso wokujongana nezinto ezinzima. Ukutshiza isibiyeli esilula sensimbi engenasici yinto enye; ukujongana ne-complex, thin-walled-walled casting e-Hastelloy ukwenzela indawo enobungozi lirhamncwa elahluke ngokupheleleyo. Isicwangciso somatshini saloo nto kufuneka sihloniphe ukuthambekela kwezinto eziphathekayo ekusebenzeni nzima, ukuvakalelwa kobushushu, ukunyanzeliswa kwayo. Ukhetha izixhobo zakho, ukutya kwakho kunye nezantya, nkqu noxinzelelo lwakho lokupholisa, ngokusekwe kolu khetho lokuqala lusisiseko lwealloyi. Fumana oko kungalunganga, kwaye akukho mali ukuchaneka ngokwesiko komatshini iwizardry iyakusindisa.
Kulapho ukuhlanganiswa kweenkqubo phantsi kophahla olulodwa, njengakwi-QSY, kubonisa ixabiso layo. Baphatha iqokobhe lokungunda kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, emva koko baye ngqo kwi-CNC machining. Oko kuqhubeka kubalulekile. Umatshini akafumani bhokisi emnyama engaqondakaliyo kumthengisi; kusenokwenzeka ukuba bayayazi indlela elagalwa ngayo, yapholiswa njani, kwanokuba luyintoni uxinezeleko lwangaphakathi. Olo lwazi lusondeleyo lukwazisa ukuseta kokuqala, ukusika kokuqala, kunceda ukunqanda izinto ezothusayo ezinje ngokugqwetheka xa ekugqibeleni ukhulula inxalenye kulungiselelo. Ijika indawo enokubakho yokusilela-i-handoff phakathi kokuphosa kunye nomatshini-kwinguqu elawulwayo.
Ndikhumbula umsebenzi wendlu yoluvo kwi-17-4 PH engenasici, echazwe kwimeko ye-H1150. Ushicilelo lubize uthotho lwemingxuma enqamlezileyo enzulu, encinci yobubanzi. Izinto eziphathekayo zazinzima, kwaye ukuhamba nge-drill kwakuyinkxalabo yokwenene. Kwafuneka sihambe ngaphaya kwemigangatho ye-carbide drill. Siye sagqiba ukusebenzisa umhlaba oqhelekileyo, i-carbide drill ene-parabolic flute geometry yokukhutshwa okungcono kwe-chip kunye ne-angle yenqaku elungisiweyo. Nangoko, yayiyinkqubo yokugrumba inyathelo kunye nemijikelo yokugqogqa rhoqo kunye nokupholisa koxinzelelo oluphezulu oluqondiswe ngqo kwindawo. 'Ukuchaneka' kwakungekho nje ekubetheni ukunyamezela indawo; ibikukuyila yonke inkqubo yokuthintela isixhobo ekuphambukeni kwasekuqaleni. Eso sisisombululo esingqale kwimathiriyeli ongayi kuyifumana kwincwadi yegeneric handbook.
Isiko kwinkqubo
Isiko akusoloko kuthetha ukuphambana ngokwejometri. Ngamanye amaxesha, owona msebenzi unzulu wesiko awubonakali. Ikwindawo yokusebenza. Sakhe sanomthengi owayefuna ukuqhutywa koomatshini bentsimbi enkulu, emise ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Yonke into etyhidiweyo, ekubunjweni kwayo, yayineenguqu ezincinci. I-vise esemgangathweni okanye ipleyiti yokulungisa ezinikeleyo inokuba yinto ebuhlungu yokuseta ixesha kunye nokungaguquguquki. Isisombululo yayiyimodyuli eyakhiwe ngeendawo ezilungelelanisiweyo, eziqinileyo kunye nemihlathi ethambileyo yesiko esithe sayenza ngoomatshini bangaphakathi ukuze babambe i-contour yecala. Emva koko siye saphonononga ukuphosa ngakunye ukuze sifumane umphezulu wedatum kwaye sihlengahlengise iindawo ezibekelwe indawo ngokufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba siyitshixe. Inkqubo ye-CNC kwafuneka ibhalwe ukubhekisa ezi datha zihlengahlengiswayo. Inxalenye ngokwayo yayilula-izixhobo ezimbalwa zobuso, zinemingxuma emibini. Kodwa inkqubo yokuyibamba ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo iziqwenga ezingamashumi amahlanu yayiphelele ukuchaneka ngokwesiko komatshini iprojekthi ngokwayo. Yongeza iindleko ngaphambili, kodwa igcine intywenka yemali kwi-scrap kunye nexesha lokuseta.
Le yenye indawo apho i-foundry-machining combo ikhanya khona. Ivenkile eyenza umatshini kuphela inokujonga kolu mboniso kwaye ibone ingxaki ekufuneka ilungiswe. Ivenkile efana ne-QSY, ekwavelisa i-castings, inokuba iyile iphedi encinci yokwenza idini okanye into engaguqukiyo yokufumana indawo kwipatheni yokuphosa kwasekuqaleni, isenza ubomi bomatshini bube lula kakhulu. Loo ntsebenziswano enyukayo/esezantsi ngundoqo wokwenziwa kwesithethe sokwenyani.
Ke kukho icala lesoftware. I-axis-axis emihlanu ngaxeshanye ifumana lonke uzuko, kodwa kwiindawo ezininzi zesiko, indawo ye-3+2 ye-axis yeyona nto iphambili. Ukucwangcisa oku kufuna i-mindset ebonisa inxalenye kwindawo ye-3D, ukuyiqhekeza kwiiseti zeempawu ezinokugqitywa kunye ne-spindle evaliweyo kwi-tilt ethile kunye nokujikeleza. Umdwelisi wenkqubo akaniki nje iindlela zesixhobo; bacoca uhambo lwenxalenye ngomatshini, ukunciphisa ukulungiswa kwakhona, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuseta okungqongqo okunokwenzeka kumsebenzi ngamnye. Ubalo olugwenxa apha lunokukhokelela kwisixhobo sokungqubana nesixhobo okanye umphezulu ongekho mgangathweni ngenxa yokuba usika ngencam yesingqusho endaweni yecala layo. Ndiyenzile loo mpazamo-ndizama ukuba krelekrele kakhulu nge-engile kwaye ndigqibe nenxalenye ekhutshiweyo kuba imvume yomphathi wesixhobo ayizange yenziwe ngokupheleleyo. Yayisisikhumbuzo esithobekileyo sokuba imvulophu yenyani yomatshini ibaluleke njengenxalenye yejometri.
Ukuchaneka: Ixesha elinxulumeneyo
±0.001 i-intshi yi-callout eqhelekileyo. Kodwa ukuchaneka kungokwemeko. Ukubamba oko kwibhloko ye-aluminiyam ye-2-intshi yintlawulo eqhelekileyo. Ukuyibamba kwi-20-intshi ububanzi, i-post-heat-treated steel ring gear yenye ibali. Ukukhula kobushushu, uxinzelelo lwesixhobo, ukuphambuka komatshini-bonke bayakhula. Kuya kufuneka uvumele umatshini kunye nenxalenye ihlale. Ngamanye amaxesha oko kuthetha ukurhabaxa, emva koko uhambe iyure, emva koko ubuye ukuze ufumane ipasi elikhanyayo. Ishedyuli inokuyithiya, kodwa umgangatho wenxalenye uyayifuna.
Ndiyifunde kabuhlungu le nto kwangethuba ngendlu enkulu. Sayilungisa kakuhle, sayilinganisa ngokugqibeleleyo kwigumbi lokuhlola elilawulwa yimozulu, saza sayityobela. Emva kweveki, umthengi wafowuna-yayingekho. Kweneke ntoni? Isixa esikhulu semathiriyeli esisusiweyo ngexesha lomatshini siye sakhulula uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ukusuka ekubunjweni kokuqala. Inxalenye yayijijekile ngokufihlakeleyo emva kokuba siyigqibile. Isisombululo, esamkela kuzo zonke izinto ezinkulu, ezisikiwe kakhulu emva koko, yayingumjikelo wokunciphisa uxinzelelo. Emva komatshini orhabaxa, siya kuthumela inxalenye yokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal, emva koko siyibuyisele ukuze igqitywe. Yongeza inyathelo, kodwa yajika inkunkuma engalindelekanga yaba yinto ethembekileyo, ukuchaneka ngokwesiko komatshini. Ukuchaneka ayisosilinganisi nje esisekupheleni kwento yokusonta; luzinzo lwalo mlinganiso ekuhambeni kwexesha nakwindawo esebenza kuyo.
Umlinganiselo ngokwawo luqeqesho oluqhelekileyo. Kwezinye iinkalo, i-CMM eqhelekileyo ilungile. Kwabanye-iibhobho zangaphakathi ezinzulu ezineefowuni eziqinileyo ze-cylindricity, okanye iindawo ezintsonkothileyo zezinto eziphilayo-ungafuna ukwandiswa kweprobe yomhlaba, okanye usebenzise iskena selaser, okanye wenze igeyiji esebenzayo ukuvavanya ukulingana nenxalenye yokukhwelana. Indlela yokuhlola kufuneka ilungele injongo njengenkqubo yomatshini. Ukucinga ukuba isayizi enye ilingana nayo yonke i-metrology yindlela ekhawulezayo yokuhambisa indawo elinganiselwe ngokugqibeleleyo engadibaniyo.
Umba woMntu kunye neeNuances zeZixhobo
I-automation ilungile, kodwa isiko, umsebenzi ophantsi wevolumu usasebenza emehlweni anamava kunye neendlebe. Isandi soguquko ukusuka kwingxolo egudileyo ukuya kwincoko encinane; ukubonakala kombala we-chip oguqukayo ukusuka kwisilivere ukuya kwi-straw ukuya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; Ukuziva komphezulu ogqityiweyo we-burrs umatshini unokuphoswa. Ezi zitshekhi ze-QC ezingezizo ezedijithali ezibamba iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zibe ziintlekele. Umchwephesha olungileyo umamela umatshini njengomamela i-injini.
Ukukhetha izixhobo ngumngxuma onzulu womvundla. Kwiialloyi zobushushu obuphezulu, usenokuba ukhetha phakathi kofakelo lweceramic (olunokusingatha izantya eziphambeneyo kodwa uphazamiseko lwentiyo) kunye nekhabhide ekhethekileyo egqunyiweyo (ixolela ngakumbi kodwa icotha). Iba sisenzo sokulungelelanisa phakathi kwexesha lomjikelo, iindleko zesixhobo, kunye nomngcipheko wokusilela kofakelo oluyintlekele. Sakhe sazama ukutyhala imida ngokufaka i-ceramic kwi-nickel alloy face grooving operation. Ireyithi yokususa isinyithi yethiyori yayimnandi. Ngokwenza, ukungahambelani okuncinci kwindawo yokuphosa kubangele ukuphazamiseka kancinci, kwaye ukufakwa kwaqhekeka, kuthatha i-800 yesiko lesixhobo sokwenza i-grooving kunye nalo. Sabuyela kwisicwangciso esiqinileyo, esiguquguqukayo se-helix carbide end mill kwaye samkela ixesha elide lokujikeleza. Esona sixhobo singcono asisoloko sesona sinamanani aphezulu e-specpe sheet; yeyona igqiba umsebenzi ngokuthembekileyo.
Apha kulapho ubudlelwane nabathengisi buthanda khona QSY umcimbi. Ukuba wenza ukwenza izinto zabo kwaye ubalekela kwindawo enzima eqhubekayo okanye i-porosity, unokuba nencoko yobugcisa. Banokujonga inkqubo yabo-mhlawumbi ngumba wesango, mhlawumbi iparamitha ye-sintering-kwaye uhlengahlengise. Umthengisi wemathiriyeli yegeneric uthumela nje ingxelo yovavanyo. Intsebenziswano ijika uhlalutyo lwesiphako ibe yinkqubo yokuphucula, ekugqibeleni iphakamisa umgangatho wokugqibela ukuchaneka ngokwesiko komatshini inokuhanjiswa.
Ukuhambisa Ngaphezulu Kwenxalenye
Ekupheleni kosuku, awuzisi iwijethi. Uzisa isisombululo kwingxaki. Eso sisombululo sibandakanya inxalenye, ingxelo yokuhlolwa, iziqinisekiso, kunye nolwazi olubambekayo lokuba ukuba kukho into ebonakala ngathi ayikho, unemvelaphi yokwazi ukuba kutheni. Kumalunga nokuba liqabane, hayi nje umthengisi. Xa umxhasi ethumela umzobo, inkonzo yokwenyani ibuza imibuzo ekusenokwenzeka ukuba zange bayithathele ingqalelo: Le radiyasi ibizwa ngokuba ibukhali. Ngaba oko kukukhutshwa? Ngenxa yokuba sinokuyiphucula i-electropolis ukuze isebenze ngokubukhali ngaphandle kokunyuka koxinzelelo lomphetho owenziwe ngoomatshini. Okanye, oku kunyamezela kuqine kakhulu kwidatum engasebenziyo. Ngaba sinokuyikhulula ukugcina iindleko ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukusebenza?
Loo maleko yokubonisana yinto eyahlula ivenkile yomsebenzi kwinyani ukuchaneka ngokwesiko komatshini umboneleli. Yakhelwe kuwo onke la manqanaba angaphambili: imathiriyeli yokuqonda, ukuyila iinkqubo ezomeleleyo, ukwazi imida yoomatshini kunye nezixhobo, kunye nokusebenzisa i-metrology ebonakalayo. Ijika umyalelo wokuthenga ube yintsebenziswano. Uyayibona le ngqondo kwiinkampani eziye zadlula amashumi eminyaka emijikelo, njenge-QSY. Imbali yabo yeminyaka engama-30 ayilonani nje lokuphila ixesha elide; yincwadi ebhalwe ngeengxaki ezisonjululweyo, izinto ezifundiweyo, kunye neenkqubo ezisulungekileyo. Olo lwazi lweziko luba yinxalenye yexabiso abalusebenzisayo kuyo yonke indawo, nokuba yinto elula yentsimbi okanye i-cobalt alloy component yenkonzo egqithisileyo. Ukuchaneka kuyinxalenye, kodwa indalo yesiko ikwindlela yokucinga eyifumene apho.
