Xa abantu abaninzi besiva i-'precision casting foundry', baba nomfanekiso wentsimbi engenasiphako, emenyezelayo ephuma ngqo kwincwadana. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Eyona nyaniso imalunga nokulawulwa kokulalanisa-ukulawula ubushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nokuziphatha kwezinto eziphathekayo ngendlela ekwenza ube kufutshane naloo mbono kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngokwezorhwebo. Ayingomlingo; lugayo lolawulo lwenkqubo.
Umdlalo weShell: Ngakumbi kuneSanti nje
Thatha ukubunjwa kweqokobhe. Igama liyenza ivakale ilula, njengokuthi nkxu ipateni esantini nakwiglu. Kodwa usathana ekubunjweni kwe-ceramic slurry kunye nokusabalalisa okuziinkozo kwesanti ye-stucco. Fumana i-viscosity engalunganga ngemizuzwana embalwa kwikomityi ye-Zahn, kwaye ubukhulu beqokobhe lakho bungangqinelani. Ndizibonile iibhetshi apho elinye icala leqokobhe laligqibelele, elinye ladilika ngexesha le-dewaxing kuba idyasi yokuqala ayizange idibane ngokufanelekileyo. Bubuchule obubambekayo-ufunda ukugweba i-slurry ngendlela ethontsiza ngayo, hayi nje ngephepha ledatha.
Apha kulapho imbali yokusebenza ende ibalulekile. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ekujuleni nasekusebenzeni, kusenokwenzeka ukuba iye yatsha kumawaka eefomyula ezinodaka. Mhlawumbi baye bazinza kumdibaniso wobunikazi obangela ukuguquka kokufuma okuthe ngqo kweQingdao, okunokonakalisa umjikelo wokomisa. Awuyifumani loo nto kwivenkile entsha.
Uvavanyo lokwenyani lunama-cores anzima. Kwipaseji yokupholisa yangaphakathi kumzimba wevalvu, undoqo kufuneka umelane noxinzelelo lwentsimbi kodwa ube uqengqeleka ukuze ususwe. Sakhe sasebenzisa undoqo wesanti ye-silica ukwenza umsebenzi wentsimbi engenasici. Intsimbi yangena kwi-core, idala i-mess edibeneyo eyathatha iintsuku ze-EDM ukuba zicinywe. Ukulungiswa? Ukutshintshela kumxube wesanti ye-zircon ngenxa yokwandiswa kwayo okuphantsi kwe-thermal. Utshintsho oluncinci lwempahla, indleko enkulu yokusindisa ithintelwe.
Ukwenziwa koTyalo-mali: Iwax kunye nokuLinda
Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali ngumntwana wepowusta ngokuchaneka, kodwa owona mgibe mkhulu lixesha. Wonke umaleko weqokobhe leceramic kufuneka wome kakuhle. Yikhawulezise, kwaye ufumana ukuqhushumba komphunga ngexesha lokugalela-okubizwa ngokuba 'kugqabhuka kweqokobhe'-kukushiya nomngundo ogcwele isinyithi esilahliweyo kunye ne-ceramic shrapnel. Ixesha lomjikelo ngumphathi, kungekhona umcwangcisi.
Indibano yepateni yewax yenye indlela yobugcisa. Kwiqela leblade ye turbine, ukuwelda kwamasango ewax kwenziwa ngesandla. Umsebenzisi onesixhobo esishushu ubamba iwax; kushushu kakhulu, kwaye kunyibilikisa incakuba encinci elandelayo; kubanda kakhulu, kwaye i-weld ibuthathaka, ikhokelela kwipateni yepateni ngexesha lokwakhiwa kweqokobhe. Bubuchule obuthatha iminyaka. Ndikhumbula ndindwendwela kumgangatho wesiseko apho oyena mntu ubalaseleyo wokuwelda anokwenza umthi oneepatheni ezingama-72 kwisiqingatha sexesha lokuqeshwa okutsha, ngaphandle kokuphinda ndisebenze. Olo buchule buguqulela ngokuthe ngqo isivuno.
Ukukhutshwa kwewaxing linyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu, elihlala lingahoywa. Indlela yakudala yayikukudubula kweflash, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni wokuqhekeka kweqokobhe. Ngoku, ezona ziseko ziphambili, kubandakanya nezo zidityanisiweyo CNC Machining njenge-QSY, sebenzisa i-autoclaves yoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Iqhinga ligophe loxinzelelo lobushushu. Kufuneka inyibilikise i-wax ngaphakathi ngaphandle kokudala ukothuka kwe-thermal. Iwebhusayithi yabo, tsngtaocnc.com, ikhankanya umsebenzi wabo nge-alloys esekwe kwi-nickel. Ezi ngxubevange zihlala zineemfuno eziqinileyo zokwakheka kweenkozo, okuthetha ukuba iqondo lobushushu lokungunda kwangaphambili kufuneka lichaneke. I-de-wax eneziphene eqhekeza iqokobhe inokubangela ukungena kwentsimbi, yonakalise umphezulu wokugqiba kwaye yenze ukuba i-post-cast machining ibe yiphupha elibi.
Izinto eziphathekayo nguMthetho
Awukwazi ukuthetha nge isiseko esichanekileyo sokuphosa ngaphandle kokungena nzulu kwi-metallurgy. I-Carbon steel, i-stainless-baziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Kodwa ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo apho ubuchule bokwenyani buvavanywa. Thatha i-alloys esekwe kwi-cobalt, njengeStellite. Zigalelwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu kwaye zinomkhwa ombi wokwenza izigaba eziqinileyo, ezibhityileyo ukuba zipholile ngokungalunganga.
Sasineprojekthi yeringi ekwaziyo ukunxitywa. Ushicilelo lubize ubulukhuni obuthile beRockwell C. Ukugalelwa kokuqala, kusetyenziswa indlela eqhelekileyo yokupholisa, kwakuthambe kakhulu okanye kuqhekeke. Ingxaki yayibubunzima bobushushu bomngundo. Kuye kwafuneka ukuba siyile iipleyiti zokupholisa eziqhelekileyo-ukufakwa kobhedu kufakwe kwi-mold-ukuze ukuqina kwentsimbi, ukuyinyanzela ukuba iphole ukusuka kwicandelo elibalulekileyo ngaphandle. Isebenzile, kodwa yongeza iintsuku ezimbini kwixesha lokwenziwa kokubumba. Olu lurhwebo oluthe gqolo: ukuchaneka xa kuthelekiswa neendleko xa kuthelekiswa nexesha lokukhokela.
Apha kulapho imbali yezinto zomthengisi ingundoqo. Ibango lenkampani lokusebenza ngee-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-nickel yenye into, kodwa ukuba nelogi yokuthululelwa okuphumelelayo kumacandelo kwiindawo ezinobundlobongela (cinga ukuba i-chemical pump impellers) yenye. Oku kuthetha ukuba basombulule isango lokungena kunye neengxaki zokunyuka ezikhethekileyo kwiipateni zokushwabana kwealloys.
I-CNC: Apho i-Casting idibana nenyani
Akukho nxalenye yesamente 'eyimilo yenethi' ngokwenyani echanekileyo. Kulapho kuhlanganiswe khona CNC Machining iba yinto engaxoxisiyo. Eyona nzuzo inkulu i-Foundry ene-in-house machining inengxelo. Xa i-machinist drills kwi-casting kwaye ifumana indawo enzima okanye i-subsurface pore, olo lwazi lubuyela ngqo kwiqela elinyibilikayo.
Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yezibiyeli zentsimbi. Babesebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kwekona enye kwindawo nganye apho isixhobo sasincokola khona. Kwavela ukuguquguquka okuncinci kwinqanaba lokupholisa kuloo kona yesikhunta, ukudala indawo yendawo yendawo ephezulu yepearlite. Iqela labasunguli bahlengahlengisa amaphiko okupholisa kumngundo, kwaye ingxaki yanyamalala. Ngaphandle komatshini phantsi kophahla olufanayo, loo loop yempendulo ithatha iiveki.
Kwifemu efana ne-QSY, ukunika zombini ukuphosa kunye nomatshini kuthetha ukuba banokulawula idatha. Banokufaka iipads okanye isitokhwe esongezelelweyo kwiindawo ezichanekileyo besazi kakuhle ukuba i-CNC yabo iya kubamba njani kamva kwaye isike inxalenye. Le synergy ibalulekile kwiijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo apho izibonelelo zoomatshini kufuneka zibencinci kodwa zifane ngokugqibeleleyo ukunqanda ukusika eludongeni.
Iintsilelo Ezifundisayo
Awona maxesha afundisayo avela kwizinto ezingahambi kakuhle. Kwangoko, besithembele kakhulu kwisoftware yokulinganisa ukuqinisa. Saqhuba ukulinganisa kwivalve yendlu yobhedu, kwaye yabonisa ukondla okugqibeleleyo. Iicastings zokwenyani zazinemingxuma emikhulu yokuncipha kwiflange eshinyeneyo. Ukulinganisa akuzange kuthathele ingqalelo ukwahluka okuncinci kwi-alloy yethu ye-thermal conductivity yokwenene. Siphulukene nebhetshi. Sifunda ntoni? Ukulinganisa sisikhokelo, hayi umprofeti. Usadinga ukusika inqaku lokuqala lokuphosa, icandelo, lifake, kwaye ujonge iinkozo. Akukho nto ithatha indawo yovavanyo olutshabalalisayo.
Olunye ukusilela okuqhelekileyo kukwenza ubunjineli obungaphaya kwenkqubo. Sake sazama ukuphumeza i-ultra-high-purity argon purge yokunyibilikisa insimbi engenasici ukunciphisa ukufakwa. Isebenzile, kodwa ukonyuka kweendleko bekungama-300%. Inxalenye yayingayifuni; ukukhutshwa kwegesi eqhelekileyo kwakwanele. Inkcazo yayiyeyempompo yemizi-mveliso ngokubanzi, hayi icandelo le-aerospace. Ukwazi xa 'ukulunga ngokwaneleyo' ngokwenene 'kugqibelele' kwisicelo sisigqibo sobuchule esahlula isiseko esinamava kulowo wethiyori.
Ke, yintoni ethembekileyo isiseko esichanekileyo sokuphosa jonga nje? Asiyiyo eyona ncwadana inemifanekiso eqaqambileyo. Yiyo enokuchaza, ngokweenkcukacha zegritty, kutheni besebenzisa ubushushu obuthile bokugalela kwi-17-4PH engenasici, okanye bayila njani imithi yabo ye-wax ukunciphisa isiphithiphithi kwi-aluminiyam. Yiyo iwebhusayithi yayo, njenge-QSY, idwelisa ngokuthe ngqo ubuchule bayo obuphambili—iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa, utyalo mali, umatshini, kunye noluhlu oluthile lwezixhobo-ngaphandle kwamabango e-hyperbolic. Icebisa ugxininiso lokuphinda-phinda phezu kwemimangaliso. Kolu rhwebo, kuphela kokuchaneka okubalulekileyo.
