Xa usiva 'inxalenye yentsimbi yokubumba iqokobhe', uninzi lucinga ukuba lolunye uhlobo lokuphosa isanti. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Lirhamncwa elahlukileyo, lineseti yalo yemithetho, i-quirks, kunye nesiphelo esingaphezulu esinokukukhohlisa ukuba ucinge ukuba sele senziwe ngoomatshini. Ibali lokwenyani alikho kwinkcazo yencwadana ecwebezelayo; kusekuphatheni isanti ebotshiweyo kwintlabathi, ukothuka kwe-thermal ngexesha lokugalelwa, kunye ne-warpage efihlakeleyo ebonisa kuphela emva kokusikwa kokuqala. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi lusilela kuba luyiphathe njengothontsi endaweni yotyalo-mali okanye isanti eluhlaza. Ihlala kwindawo eswiti-ichane ngakumbi kunokuphosa kwesanti eqhelekileyo, ixabisa ngaphantsi kunotyalo-mali olupheleleyo kwiijometri ezithile, kodwa ngoyilo lwayo oluthe ngqo kwiimfuno zokwenziwa. Yinkqubo evuza amava, kwaye yohlwaya iintelekelelo.
Inkqubo yeShell: Apho ithiyori idibana noMgangatho wevenkile
Incwadi yesikhokelo yenza ukuba ivakale ngokuthe tye: yenza ipateni yesinyithi eshushu, ulahle isanti egqunyiweyo phezu kwayo, vumela iqokobhe lenziwe, linyange. Inyani ngumdaniso wamaqondo obushushu kunye nexesha. I-phenolic resin egquma isanti ayisosibophelelo nje; izinga lokunyanga iqokobhe limisela ubukhulu kunye namandla. Ukuba iqondo lobushushu lepateni yakho alihambelani-uthi, icandelo lebhokisi elintsonkothileyo liyi-degrees ezimbalwa ezipholileyo-ufumana indawo ebuthathaka. Loo ndawo ibuthathaka inokubamba ngexesha lokuphatha, kodwa ingaphumeleli phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-ferrostatic yentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo, ibangele ukuphuma okanye i-fin. Kukusilela oqhele ukungakwazi ukukubona de uvuthulule ukuphosa.
Intsimbi, ngakumbi i-alloy ephantsi okanye amabakala ekhabhoni axhaphakileyo kwimizimba yevalvu okanye kwizibiyeli zesakhiwo, yazisa enye inguqu: ubushushu. Ukugalela i-1500°C+ yentsimbi kwiqokobhe elibhityileyo, elibotshwe yiresin kudala ukubola okukhulu kobushushu. Iigesi kufuneka zibaleke, okanye ufumana i-porosity. Kulapho uyilo lokungenisa umoya kwipatheni nakwindibano engundoqo luba lubaluleke kakhulu. Asikokugqobhoza imingxunya nje; kukuqonda indlela yokuhamba kwerhasi ukusuka ngexesha isinyithi sibetha umngundo de siqine. Ndikhumbula umsebenzi wendlu yempompo, apho sasihlala sifumana imingxuma engaphantsi komhlaba kufutshane neflange. Isisombululo ibingezozintlu zokuphuma ngaphezulu, kodwa ukubeka ngokutsha i-ingate ephambili ukutshintsha umphambili wentsimbi, evumela iigesi ukuba zityhalelwe phambili kwimingxuma ekhoyo endaweni yokubanjiswa.
Apha kulapho ubomi obude be-Foundry bubonisa khona. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye neminyaka engamashumi amathathu ekujuleni, inokuba nelayibrari enzulu yepateni kunye nohlengahlengiso lwenkqubo yokungena kwiijometri eziqhelekileyo. Olo lwazi lucwangcisiweyo-ukwazi ukuba ubukhulu bodonga oluthile lwe- iqokobhe lokubumba intsimbi yokugalela inxalenye idinga i-engile yedrafti eyahluke kancinane kunemodeli ye-CAD icebisa ukuqinisekisa ukukhululwa kweqokobhe elingaguqukiyo-yinto eyohlula inxalenye esebenzayo kwisivuno esiphezulu, esinemfezeko ephezulu. Ungazifumana apha https://www.tsingtaocnc.com – amava abo kulo lonke iqokobhe kunye notyalo-mali kuthetha ukuba bayaluqonda urhwebo phakathi kweenkqubo ngokwethuku.
Izinto eziKhethelwayo: AyiyoNtsimbi nje
Ukucacisa intsimbi yindlela efanelekileyo yokufumana inxalenye enokuthi isebenze, kodwa kungekhona ngokufanelekileyo. Inkqubo yeqokobhe iphatha uluhlu, kodwa nganye iziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Iintsimbi zekhabhoni ezifana ne-1020 okanye i-1030 ziyaxolela, kodwa kumalungu afuna amandla amaninzi afana namacandelo okudibanisa umlayishi, utsibela kwi-4130 okanye i-4140. kunyanzelekile ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwisantya sokupholisa ngokukhawuleza. Ukucima kunye nokuthambisa okuhlala kulandela ukuphosa kufuneka kuthatyathwe kuyilo lwepateni yokuqala ukulungiselela ukugqwetheka okuqikelelweyo.
Emva koko unamabakala angenasici. 304, 316 – zizicelo ezixhaphakileyo zokufakwa kwi-corrosion-resistant. Umceli mngeni apha kukumanzi kwentsimbi kunye nokushwabana kwayo. I-stainless ayihambi njengentsimbi ye-carbon, kwaye idonsa ngakumbi njengoko iqina. Ukuba inkqubo yakho yokutya (izinyusi) ayilingani kwaye ibekwe ngokuchanekileyo kwi-alloy ethile, uphela ngokushwabana kwemingxunya. Ndikhe ndabona ibhetshi 316L umbhobho flanges apho hub iziko isandi, kodwa isangqa bolt waba micro-shrinkage, ekhokelela ukuvuza phantsi koxinzelelo. Ulungiso lwalusongeza iikhenkce ezincinci, ezicwangcisiweyo kubumba lweqokobhe ukulungelelanisa ukuqina, i-tweak evela kwireferensi enqamlezayo kunye nokuziphatha okufanayo kwe-nickel-based alloy.
Ukuthetha ngee-alloys ezikhethekileyo, kulapho inkqubo inokukhanya ngokwenene okanye ibe yinto ebuhlungu. Ukukhankanywa kwe-QSY yokusebenza nge-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based alloys ixela. Ezi zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezibukhali zenkonzo-i-valve trim ye-oyile yobushushu obuphezulu kunye negesi, okanye iipleyiti zokunxiba emigodini. Indawo yabo yokunyibilika iphezulu, ikhemistri yabo ibuthathaka. Umngundo weqokobhe kufuneka wome ngokupheleleyo (nakuphi na ukufuma kubangela i-hydrogen pickup kunye ne-embrittlement), kwaye indlela yokugalela kufuneka ikhawuleze kwaye ingabinasiphithiphithi ukunqanda ukubunjwa kwe-slag. Kukuphosa okuphezulu. Ukufumana isandi iqokobhe lokubumba intsimbi yokugalela inxalenye kwi-Monel okanye i-Hastelloy luphawu lwesakhono sokufumaneka.
I-Dimensional Tightrope: Ukuchaneka vs
Unyamezelo olupapashiweyo lokubumba iqokobhe luhlala lube ±0.005 in./in. okanye ngcono. Oko kuyafezekiswa, kodwa lixabiso legama kwinqwelomoya elula. Iqhinga lokwenyani kukugcina oko ngaphaya komgca onzima wokwahlula, okanye kwiifitsha ezenziwe ziiassemblies ezingundoqo. Ukungunda kweqokobhe ngokwalo kuqinile, kulungile, kodwa inkqubo yokudibanisa iziqingatha ezimbini zeqokobhe kunye nokuncamathelisa ngumthombo wempazamo onokuthi ubekho. Incamathelisa kakhulu, kwaye icinezela kwi-cavity, idala i-flash. Ukungalungelelanisi kakuhle nangesiqingatha semilimitha kuyabhakwa.
Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu xa sibaleka izibiyeli zebhokisi yegiya. Imodeli ye-CAD yayigqibelele, ipateni yayiyi-CNC-eyenziwe nge-spec. Kodwa izikhonkwane zokukhangela kwisixhobo zazigugile kancinci. Isiphumo yaba kukuqokeleleka kolungelelwaniso olungalunganga phakathi kwebholiti yokubhobhoza phakathi kweziqingatha ezibini. I-castings iphumelele uhlolo olubonakalayo lokuqala, kodwa ngexesha lomatshini, i-drill yayiza kuphuka ngenxa yokuba amabhobho ayengekho embindini. Ilahleko yayingekokuphoswa nje; yayilixesha lomatshini kunye nezixhobo. Isisombululo yaba lucwangciso olungqongqo lokugcinwa kwezixhobo kunye nokutshintshwa kwizikhonkwane zolungelelwaniso lweceramic kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo.
Olu nxibelelwano phakathi kokusaswa kunye noomatshini lubalulekile. Isiseko esibonelela ngokudibeneyo CNC Machining, njenge-QSY yenza, inenzuzo enkulu. Oomatshini babo babona ukunxaxha okuphindaphindiweyo-mhlawumbi udonga olujongene nomgca wokwahlukana ngokuqhubekayo lune-+0.3mm yesitokhwe esongezelelweyo. Loo ngxelo iya ngqo kwivenkile yepateni ukuze ilungiswe kwi-tooling iteration elandelayo. Ivala iluphu. Xa usenza imvelaphi a iqokobhe lokubumba intsimbi yokugalela inxalenye kumthengisi onjalo, awuthengi nje ukuphosa; uthenga inkumbulo yabo yeziko yendlela elo candelo elithile liziphatha ngayo ukusuka kwipateni ukuya kwilitye eligqityiweyo.
Xa Iphosakele: Uhlalutyo Lwentsilelo njengeSixhobo
Ayinguye wonke umsebenzi ohamba kakuhle. Ezemfundo zizintsilelo. Kwakukho icandelo le-hydraulic manifold, ibhloko encinci kodwa engqindilili enemijelo yangaphakathi. Umbandela wawuyi-8620, ukhetho oluqhelekileyo. Iisampulu zokuqala zazibukeka zintle, zicocekile. Kodwa uvavanyo loxinzelelo luveze ukuvuza. Iradiyografi ibonise uthungelwano lwe-porosity entle, edityanisiweyo kuwo onke amacandelo ashinyeneyo. Microporosity Classic. Umoni? Umngundo weqokobhe, kuzo zonke iingenelo zawo, upholisa isinyithi ngokukhawuleza kunobumba olukhulu lwesanti eluhlaza. Kumacandelwana ashinyeneyo, oku kunokukhokelela kumachibi angawodwa olwelo athi avaleleke ngexesha lokuqina, angakwazi ukondla.
Kwafuneka siyiyile ngokutsha inxalenye. Hayi uyilo olusebenzayo, kodwa uyilo lokuphosa. Songeze iimbambo ezifihlakeleyo zangaphandle-kungekhona amandla, kodwa ukwenza njengama-fins okupholisa ukukhuthaza ukuqina okufanayo. Siphinde satshintsha i-gating ukondla icandelo elishinyeneyo ukusuka kwindawo esezantsi. Isebenzile. I-takeaway yayikukuba ukubumba iqokobhe ngamanye amaxesha kufuna ukuba uyile inkqubo ngokungqongqo kunezinye iindlela, nokuba kuthetha ukongeza igram okanye ezimbini zesinyithi kwiindawo ezingabalulekanga ukuqinisekisa isandi.
Enye into eqhelekileyo, ukungaphumeleli okufihlakeleyo kukungena kwesinyithi. Intsimbi ayingeni ngokoqobo esantini, kodwa ubushushu obuphezulu bunokwaphula i-resin binder kwi-mold-metal interface, ivumela isinyithi elulwelo ukuba singene kwiinkozo zesanti. Yenza umphezulu orhabaxa, odityanisiweyo oyingozi kumatshini. Ihlala isenzeka kwiipokotho ezinzulu, ezimxinwa okanye emazantsi eempembelelo ze-down-sprue. Ukulungiswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwisambatho sesanti-ubungakanani bengqolowa obugqwesileyo okanye ukubunjwa kwe-resin eyahlukileyo kuloo ndawo ethile yepateni. Ziinkcukacha ozibona kuphela ngokusika izinto ezilahliweyo kunye nokujonga indawo ephoswe phantsi kokwandiswa.
I-Equation yezoQoqosho: Kutheni u-Shell, kutheni ungekho enye into?
Ke, xa ukubumba iqokobhe kwenza ingqiqo kwezoqoqosho? Ayisoze yaba lolona khetho lusezantsi lwezixhobo zokusebenza. Iipateni zentsimbi zibiza kakhulu. Kodwa ukubaleka ukusuka kumakhulu ambalwa ukuya kumashumi amawaka, ihlala iphumelela kwiindleko zizonke. Uyonga kakhulu ngexesha lobuchwephesha ngenxa yemilo ekufutshane nenetha kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu ogqwesileyo (kaninzi yi-125-250 μin Ra as-cast). Unciphisa umsebenzi wokucoca igumbi kuba akukho santi inzima inkqonkqozayo. Ukungaguquguquki kwe-dimensional kunciphisa i-scrap kumatshini olandelayo.
Yithelekise notyalo-mali okomzuzwana. Kwintsimbi entsonkothileyo, enodonga olucekeceke lwe turbine kwintsimbi engatyiwa, utyalo-mali luyinkosi. Kodwa ngenxa yokuqina ngakumbi, i-chunky intsimbi yokugalela inxalenye njengesibiyeli se-axle yelori okanye i-cleat yaselwandle, ukubumba iqokobhe kunika ukuchaneka okufanayo ngexabiso eliphantsi-nge-kg yentsimbi, kunye namaxesha omjikelezo okhawulezayo. I-matrix yesigqibo ibandakanya ubungakanani benxalenye (iqokobhe likhulu kubungakanani obuphakathi), ubunzima (ii-cores zangaphakathi zilungile), i-alloy, kunye nomthamo.
Lo ngumgwebo oza kuziswa ngumthengisi onamava. Ukujonga umda we-QSY-ukubumba iqokobhe, ukuphosa utyalo-mali, kunye nomatshini-babekwe ukuba banikele ngengcebiso engakhethi cala. Bangajonga umzobo baze bathi, Kule geometry kwi-17-4PH, utyalo-mali lunokuba ngcono kumaqhekeza angama-500, kodwa ukuba umthamo wakho wonyaka ngama-5000, masiphuhlise ukungunda kweqokobhe. Olo ncedo luxabisekile njengoko kusenziwa ngokwalo. Ikuthintela ukuba wenze ubunjineli obungaphezulu kwenkqubo okanye ukhethe leyo eza kuba nemiba yesivuno. Ekugqibeleni, impumelelo iqokobhe lokubumba intsimbi yokugalela inxalenye ayisiyiyo nje isiseko sokugalela isinyithi esilungileyo; imalunga nokukhetha ibala ledabi elililo kwasekuqaleni, kunye nabo bonke ubunkunkqele bayo, imiqobo esebenzayo ebonwa ngokupheleleyo.
