Xa usiva 'amalungu omatshini wentsimbi', into yokuqala ethi gqi yiloo nto iqhelekileyo: ukomelela okulungileyo, ukudumba okuthile, ukuxhathisa okunesidima, ukonga imali. Kodwa yintetho yencwadana leyo. Apho ifika iyinyani, kwaye apho iiprojekthi ezininzi zikhubeka, kukuguqulelwa ukusuka kwiphepha ledatha ukuya kweyona nxalenye yomgangatho wevenkile, phantsi komthwalo. Umsantsa phakathi kweempawu zemathiriyeli ezinqwenelekayo kunye nobunyani besamente, enziwe ngoomatshini, kunye necandelo elidityanisiweyo kulapho umsebenzi wokwenyani wenzeka khona. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi kakhulu oluphatha i-iron ductile njengento elula yokungena endaweni yentsimbi okanye intsimbi engwevu, kuphela ukubaleka kwimibandela kunye nengxoxo ye-machining, uxinzelelo olungalindelekanga kumacandelo amancinci, okanye ukusebenza okungahambelaniyo kwibhetshi. Asiyonto yorhwebo; sisixhobo esinovakalelo lwenkqubo.
Isiseko sokuCasa: Yonke iqala kwiMold
Awukwazi ukuthetha ngokuthembekileyo iindawo ze-iron ductile mechanical ngaphandle kokungena kwinkqubo yokuphosa kuqala. Iimpawu zoomatshini zibhakwa kwalapho. Ulwakhiwo lwegraphite engqukuva – loo maqhuqhuva awenza abe ductility – abuthathaka ngexesha lokuqina. Izinga lokupholisa, ukuziqhelanisa nokutofa, nkqu nobushushu bentsimbi xa ibetha umngundo, zonke zidlala indima enkulu. Inxalenye ene-hub eshinyeneyo kunye nee-spokes ezincinci zinokuba ne-microstructures eyahlukileyo kakhulu (kwaye ke, iipropathi) kulawo macandelo ahlukeneyo. Ndikhumbula igiya engenanto sakha sayifumana; ibijongeka igqibelele, iphumelele iitshekhi ezisisiseko, kodwa yasilela ngokumangalisayo kuvavanyo lokudinwa. Umoni? I-shrinkage porosity efihliweyo kwiwebhu, isiphumo esithe ngqo senkqubo yokukhangela engalunganga engakhange yondle icandelo elishinyeneyo ngokufanelekileyo. Umzobo wawufuna iBanga lama-65-45-12, kodwa into esiyifumanayo kuloo ndawo ibalulekileyo yayibuthathaka, ibhityile.
Kulapho inkqubo yobungcali ibalulekile. Ivenkile eqonda oku ngokusondeleyo, njengeQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye neminyaka engamashumi amathathu kwi-shell kunye ne-investment casting, inememori yemisipha kule nto. Abayi kugalela nje isinyithi; balawula inzululwazi yokuqinisa. Kuba iindawo zentsimbi ze-ductile ababona imithwalo eguquguqukayo - cinga imizimba yevalvu ye-hydraulic, i-compressor crankshafts, okanye i-heavy duty suspension components - esi siseko asinakuxoxisana. Ukufakwa kwe-slag encinci okanye isitofu esingafanelekanga sinokuba yindawo yokuqala yokuqhekeka komgca.
Ukhetho phakathi kokubunjwa kweqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali lwentsimbi ye-ductile ihlala yehla kubunzima kunye neemfuno zokugqiba umphezulu. Kwiindawo ezineepaseji zangaphakathi okanye ii-cores eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukubumba igobolondo kunika ibhalansi elungileyo. Kodwa ukuba ufuna imilo ekufutshane-nomnatha eneenkcukacha ezikhethekileyo zomphezulu kunye noyilo oluncinci, ngakumbi kwizinto ezincinci, ezintsonkothileyo, ukuchaneka kotyalo-mali kunokonga intywenka yemali kumatshini olandelayo. Lucazululo lweendleko-nzuzo oluqala kwisigaba soyilo, hayi ukucinga emva koko.
Machining: Apho ithiyori idibana Bit Tool
Eli linqanaba apho ukucingelwa kuhlolwa khona. Oomatshini bentsimbi yentsimbi ngokwahlukileyo kunentsimbi. I-abrasive, enkosi kwigraphite, kwaye ingaba yigummy. Fumana izantya zakho, ukutya, okanye isixhobo sejiyometri engalunganga, kwaye uya kutshisa ngokufaka okanye ufumane umsebenzi owenziwe lukhuni, umphezulu odlakadlaka oza kuphelelwa ngexesha. Ndiyifunde le ndlela kabuhlungu kwangethuba, ndizama ukuqhuba indlu yempompo yentsimbi enemibhobho elungiselelwe intsimbi yekhabhoni. Izixhobo zahlala isiqingatha ubude, kwaye ukugqitywa komphezulu kwakusoyikeka, kukhokelela kwimiba yokuvuza kwetywina kwindibano.
Iiflake zegraphite kwintsimbi engwevu zisebenza njengeziqhekezi zetshiphu, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukwenza umatshini. I-ductile iron's nodular graphite ayikwenzi oko. Udinga izixhobo ezibukhali, ezifanelekileyo, zihlala zineengubo ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-AlTiN, kwaye kufuneka uqaphele ubushushu. Vumela indawo ibe shushu kakhulu, kwaye unokutshintsha ngokwenene i-microstructure kumphezulu, wenze umaleko oqinileyo, obhityileyo obobubusuku bokuqhubela phambili okanye ukusebenza. Ukupholisa okufanelekileyo akupheleli nje kubomi besixhobo; imalunga nokugcina iipropathi zemathiriyeli ozihlawulele ekusalweni.
Yiyo loo nto ubambisene nomthengisi ophatha zombini ukuphosa kunye CNC Machining endlwini, njenge-QSY, inokulungelelanisa izinto. Bayayiqonda indlela yokuziphatha kwezinto ukusuka kwinyibilika ukuya kwinxalenye yokugqibela. Bayayazi ukuba uxinezeleko olushiyekileyo olusuka ekujuleni lunokuchaphazela njani ukubamba kunye nokusika, kwaye banokuhlengahlengisa isicwangciso sabo somatshini ngokufanelekileyo. Iphelisa ukukhomba umnwe phakathi kwesiseko kunye nevenkile yomatshini xa ukunyamezela kuphosakele. I-loop yempendulo iqinile.
Umbuzo we-alloy: Ayizizo zonke i-Ductile Iron ezilinganayo
I-ASTM A libakala eliqhelekileyo, kodwa sisiqalo nje eso. Kwiindawo ezikwiindawo ezinobungozi okanye kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo, ungena kwiintsimbi ze-alloyed ductile - i-silicon-molybdenum (SiMo) yokumelana nobushushu, okanye amabakala ane-nickel-alloyed for corrosion and wear. Sasineprojekthi yecandelo leziko elalifuna ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kwi-800°C. Intsimbi esemgangathweni ye-ductile yayiza kuba yi-graphitize kwaye yahluleka. Siye sahamba nentsimbi ephezulu ye-silicon ductile, eyenza umaleko ozinzileyo wesilicon oxide, kodwa yenza ukuba izinto zibe nzima ngakumbi kumatshini. Yayilurhwebo, kodwa olufanelekileyo lwesicelo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukhetho aluyiyo nentsimbi ye-ductile. Ngokunxitywa okugqithisileyo okanye impembelelo, unokujonga kwi-ADI (i-Austempered Ductile Iron), eyenza unyango lobushushu ukufumana amandla amangalisayo kunye nokuqina. Okanye, kwiindawo zokucutshungulwa kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi kakhulu, i-high-nickel austenitic ductile iron (Ni-Resist) ingaba yimpendulo. Ingongoma kukuba, ukucacisa i-iron ductile ayicacanga kakhulu. Kufuneka uchaze indawo yenkonzo - uxinzelelo, ubushushu, imidiya, ukulayisha ngebhayisikile - ukukhetha ibakala elifanelekileyo. Umthengisi onamava kunye ne-alloys ezikhethekileyo, njengoko kuboniswe kwipotifoliyo ye-QSY kunye ne-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based alloys, sele sele ecinga kule nqanaba; bafumana ukuba ukhetho lwezinto eziphathekayo luqhutywa yisicelo.
Enye i-nuance ehlala ingahoywa ngumahluko phakathi kwe-ferritic kunye ne-pearlitic matrix izakhiwo kumabakala asemgangathweni. I-matrix ye-ferritic (intsimbi eninzi, i-pearlite encinci) inika i-ductility engcono kunye nokumelana nempembelelo kodwa amandla aphantsi kunye nobunzima. I-matrix ye-pearlitic yomelele kwaye inzima, ingcono ukunxiba, kodwa i-ductile encinci. Unokuphembelela oku ngonyango lobushushu emva kokuphosa. Lelinye iqhosha lokujika, kodwa kufuneka wazi ukuba kufuneka ulijike.
Imigibe yokwenyani yeHlabathi kunye nokuziva koMgangatho
Ngaphaya kweengxelo zelebhu, kukho i-tactile, phantse icala elinomdla lokugweba iindawo ze-iron ductile mechanical. Isandi esenziwa yinxalenye elungileyo xa ubethwe kancinci sisithonga esibuthuntu, esiqinileyo, hayi i-ping ebukhali. Umphezulu wokudubula kakuhle kwe-blast-cleaned casting ine-texture, i-matte-gray texture, ngaphandle kwesanti etshiswayo okanye i-cold shuts ebonakalayo. Ngexesha lokucoca, iitshiphusi kufuneka ziphume zincinci, ziqhekeke iC, hayi ixesha elide, iintambo ezinentambo okanye uthuli. Ezi zitshekhi ze-QC ezingekho sikweni oziphuhlisayo ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Owona mgibe mkhulu kukungahoyi imisebenzi yesibini. Masithi unentsimbi eninzi edityanisiweyo efuna ukucakwa okanye ukupeyintwa. Ukuba ukuphosa akucocwanga ngokufanelekileyo - ukudutyulwa kuqhume, emva koko kucocwe ngekhemikhali ukususa nayiphi na isanti okanye isikali esishiyekileyo - isambatho siya kusilela. Ukubambelela ngumba omkhulu. Sakha saba neqela lamalungu aphuma amadyungudyungu kuvavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa. Unobangela wengcambu yayiyintsalela ye-silicate encinci kwisanti yokubumba ekungekho mntu wacinga ukuyijonga emva kokuqhushumba.
Omnye umba oxhaphakileyo luzinzo lwe-dimensional, okanye ukunqongophala kwayo, emva komatshini ongalunganga. Ukuba ukuphosa akukhange kuthomalaliswe ngokufanelekileyo uxinzelelo (ukuhlala kungumjikelo wokunqanda), kunokuhamba ngokumangalisayo emva kokuba uthathe amanxeba okuqala anzima, ukuphosa yonke inkqubo yakho enononophelo ye-CNC. Linyathelo elongeza indleko kunye nexesha, kodwa ukutsiba kukungcakaza. Umthengisi othembekileyo uya kuba neprotocol esemgangathweni yale nto isekelwe kwinxalenye yejometri kunye nobukhulu bodonga.
Ukudityaniswa kunye noBudlelwane boMboneleli
Ekugqibeleni, ukufumana okusebenzayo, okuthembekileyo inxalenye yentsimbi ye-ductile ayisiyonto ithengwayo yewijethi. Yintsebenziswano encinci. Ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo zivela ngokubandakanya i-Foundry kunye ne-machinist kwangoko. Ngaba banokucebisa utshintsho lwe-engile yedrafti encinci ukuphucula ukugcwaliswa komngundo? Ngaba ukongeza irediyasi encinci ekoneni kuya kuphelisa ukonyuka koxinzelelo kunye nentloko enokubakho yomatshini? Ngaba unyamezelo oluchaziweyo kwinto engabalulekanga luqhuba i-80% yeendleko zomatshini?
Inkampani enikezela ngenkonzo ethe nkqo epheleleyo, ukusuka ekwenzeni ipateni (ukuba iyafuneka) ukuya kukusa kumatshini, njengale nto ubona ngayo. I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), ibonelela ngenqaku elinye lokuphendula. Imbali yabo yeminyaka engama-30 ekujuleni nasekusebenzeni ayingomgca wokuthengisa; Icebisa ukuba bajonge le miba kanye - ukucutheka, ukugqwetheka, ukunxitywa kwezixhobo, ukugqiba - kumawaka eodolo. Bakhe iinkqubo zolawulo kunye nolwazi oluthe cwaka. Xa ubathumelela umzobo wecandelo lentsimbi entsonkothileyo, bafunda phakathi kwemigca, becinga ngendlela yokwenza ukuba iphoseke, ikwazi ukusetyenzwa, kwaye yomelele, hayi indlela yokucaphula nje.
Ke, xa ndicinga ngendawo yomatshini we-iron ductile ngoku, ndicinga kancinci malunga neepropathi zencwadi kwaye ngakumbi malunga nekhonkco lezigqibo kunye nolawulo olujika izinto ezilungileyo zibe yinxalenye enkulu. Bubuchule bomsunguli, iiparamitha zoomatshini, iinkcukacha zobunjineli, zonke zilungelelanisiwe. Izinto eziphathekayo ziyakwazi, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuhanjiswe yinkqubo. Kwaye loo nkqubo yinto yonke.
