Xa usiva 'i-cobalt alloy', unxulumano olusondeleyo luhlala lubunzima obugqithisileyo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kobushushu. Ayonto iphosakeleyo, kodwa yindawo yokuqala ebonisa imingeni yokwenyani, enzima yokusebenza nayo. Ishishini ngamanye amaxesha liyiphatha njengembumbulu yomlingo, isisombululo sokuthoba okanye ukutshisa. Kumava am, loo ngqondo ikhokelela ngokuthe ngqo kwiintsilelo ezibiza kakhulu. Inyaniso kukuba, indlela yokuziphatha kwayo ibotshelelwe ngokunzulu ekubunjweni kwayo okuthe ngqo kwaye, ngokunzulu, iinkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukuyibumba. Ayisiyonto nje; lubudlelwane phakathi kwekhemistri kunye nobugcisa.
Inyani yoMgangatho weFoundry
Masithethe ngokusasa. Nge ingxubevange yecobalt, ngakumbi amabanga aphezulu kwi-chromium kunye ne-tungsten efana ne-Stellite 6 okanye i-21, ubushushu obuthululwayo ngumdaniso kwincam yemela. Kupholile kakhulu, kwaye ufumana izivalo ezibandayo kunye nokuzaliswa okungaphelelanga kumacandelo amancinci. Kushushu kakhulu, kwaye ubeka emngciphekweni wokukhula okuziinkozo okugqithisileyo kunye nokwahlulwa kwe-carbide, etshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo iipropathi zokunxiba ozihlawulayo. Ndibone iinxalenye ziphuma kumngundo zikhangeleka zigqibelele, kuphela zisilela kwangethuba kwinkonzo ngenxa yokuba ukuziqhelanisa nokunyibilika kucinywe ngamaqondo ambalwa okanye izinga lokupholisa lalingalawulwa. Yinto eyohlwaya uqikelelo.
Apha kulapho umnombo we-Foundry ubalulekile. Ivenkile ekhe yagalelwa intsimbi kuphela iyasokola. Udinga ukunyibilika kwe-atmosphere elawulwayo, rhoqo i-argon okanye i-vacuum, ukuthintela i-oxidation yezinto ezisebenzayo ezifana ne-chromium. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo apho sasifumana khona iicast ingxubevange yecobalt amatywina eiturbine asuka kwi-generalist foundry. Ii-specs zomda zahlangatyezwa, kodwa kuvavanyo, zibonise i-oxidation eyintlekele kwiqondo lobushushu. Umoni? Umkhondo wokuthatha ioksijini ngexesha lokugalelwa okudale i-brittle oxides kwimida yeenkozo. Inxalenye yayiphoswe ngokobuchwephesha, kodwa ingasebenzi kakuhle.
Oku kuhambelana noko ubona kwiingcali eziye zahlala nezi zixhobo. Thatha iQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Ugqaliselo lwabo lweshumi leminyaka emithathu kwiqokobhe kunye notyalo-mali lwe-alloys ekhethekileyo ayingomgca wentengiso. Kuba i-cobalt-based alloy, inkqubo yokubumba iqokobhe (ihlala i-zirconia-based ceramic) kunye nokuchaneka kwe-waxing kunye nemijikelo yokudubula yinxalenye ye-microstructure yokugqibela. Ukufumana loo nto ngokuqhubekayo ngumahluko phakathi kwecandelo kunye ne-paperweight. Iwebhusayithi yabo, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, ichaza umsebenzi wabo ngezi ngxubevange, kwaye yingqokelela yolwazi oluthe ngqo lwenkqubo oluchaza amandla, hayi nje uluhlu lwamagama abonakalayo.
Machining: Apho ithiyori idibana neSixhobo
Ukuba ukuphosa kukuzalwa okuthambileyo, ukwenza i-machining lidabi elilawulwayo. Umkhwa wokuqina womsebenzi kwabaninzi ialloyi cobalt yintsomi. Awukwazi ukusondela kuyo njengentsimbi yokwenza. Isixhobo esibuthuntu kancinci, ireyithi yesondlo engalunganga, kwaye uye waqina ngoko nangoko umaleko womphezulu, wenza ukuba ipasi elandelayo ingenzeki kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba ucofe i-carbide yakho. I-swarf kufuneka iphume njenge-chip eshushu, ekhanyayo, eqhubekayo. Ukuba ufumana uthuli okanye iitshiphusi ezicandiweyo, sele ulahlekelwe.
Ukuseta yinto yonke. Ukuqina akuxoxiswana. Nayiphi na incoko okanye ukuphambuka kuya kubangela ukusilela kwesixhobo ngoko nangoko. Sifunde oku ngendlela enzima sizama ukucola iprofayili entsonkothileyo kwisitulo seStellite. Sasebenzisa inkqubo ye-CNC eqhelekileyo yentsimbi, ukunciphisa nje isantya kunye nokutya. Yaba yintlekele. Isixhobo sahlala imizuzu, kwaye umphezulu ogqityiweyo wakrazulwa. Isisombululo ibingezozantya ezicothayo nje; yayiyingcamango kwakhona epheleleyo: iijiyometri ezikhethekileyo (iharika elungileyo, imiphetho ebukhali), isisipholisi soxinzelelo oluphezulu oluqondiswe ngqo kwincam yokulawula ubushushu kunye neqhekeza letshiphusi, kunye neendlela zokusila zetrochoidal ukugcina ukubandakanyeka rhoqo. Yinkqubo yokuthabatha efuna ulwazi olongezelelweyo.
Eli lixabiso leevenkile ezidibeneyo. Isibonelelo esinikezela zombini ukuphosa kunye ne-CNC machining phantsi kophahla olunye, njenge-QSY, inenzuzo ebonakalayo ingxubevange yecobalt iinxalenye. Oomatshini apho ababoni nto ingaqondakaliyo, inzima kakhulu engenanto ifika kumnyango wabo. Bahlala bebandakanyeka ukusuka kwinqanaba lepateni, ukuqonda uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lwenxalenye ukusuka ekujuleni, iindawo ezinobunzima obulindelekileyo, kunye nokubandakanywa okunokwenzeka. Oku kuqhubekeka kuvumela ulungiselelo lwenkqubo olungenzekiyo xa ukuphosa kunye nomatshini kusenziwa isililo. I-loop yempendulo ithe ngqo: i-machinist ifumana indawo yobunzima obungalindelekanga kwaye inokuhamba ibuyele kwi-Foundry ukuze ixoxe ngokugalela okanye unyango olushushu lwaloo bhetshi.
Umgibe wokukhetha i-alloy
Ayizizo zonke ialloyi cobalt zenziwe zalingana, kwaye isicelo siyalela ibakala ngeendlela ezingasoloko zicaca. I-Stellite 6 lihashe lomsebenzi wokumelana nokunxiba ngokubanzi. I-Stellite 12 ibonelela ngomxholo ophezulu we-carbide wokunxiba ngakumbi. Kodwa ke unamabanga afana ne-Haynes 25 (L-605) okanye i-188, eyilelwe ngakumbi amandla obushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation kwi-aerospace, kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo ze-machining kunye ne-welding. Ukuchaza engalunganga yimpazamo enkulu.
Ndikhumbula imeko apho umxhasi wagxininisa ekusebenziseni i-Stellite 6 kwisitulo sevalve yokushisa ephezulu ngenxa yokuba babenesitokhwe sayo. Isebenze kakubi, ikhathazwa kukunxitywa kwe-oxidative kunye noguquko oluncinci. Umba yayingengomgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo; yayilusapho lwengxubevange engalunganga yalo ndibaniselwano ethile yobushushu kunye nomoya. Satshintshela kwi-alloy esekelwe kwi-nickel kunye ne-aluminium oxide-forming element, eyasombulula ingxaki. Sifunda ntoni? I-alloys esekwe kwiCobalt ayisosisombululo se-monolithic sokutshisa kunye nobunzima. I-matrix yabo (nokuba i-cobalt-ecebileyo okanye iyinkimbinkimbi) kunye nesakhiwo se-carbide sichaza i-niche yabo.
Kulapho uluhlu lwemathiriyeli yomthengisi luba lubaluleke kakhulu. Inkampani edwelisa ialloys esekwe cobalt, ii-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-nickel, njl. ubonisa ukuqonda ukuba ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kuyisigqibo sobunjineli besiseko. Abanyanzeli nje into abanayo; baxhotyiselwe ukuba nencoko malunga nokuba ingxubevange ye-cobalt yimpendulo eyiyo na, okanye ukuba i-superalloy eyahlukileyo ingenza ngcono. Loo ndlela yokubonisana izalwa ngokubona impumelelo kunye nokusilela kuzo zonke izicelo.
Ukuwelda kunye nokulungiswa: Ubugcisa obunokwenzeka
Ukulungisa okanye ukwakha kugugile ingxubevange yecobalt amacandelo nge welding lihlabathi layo elikhethekileyo. Idla ngokuba yeyona ndlela ingabizi kakhulu yokwandisa ubomi bendawo enkulu, enexabiso eliphezulu njengeblayidi yeinjini yomoya okanye isikrufu se-extrusion. Kodwa igcwele imigibe. Olona tshaba luphambili kukuqhekeka, nokuba kushushu ukuqhekeka ngexesha lokuqina okanye ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo oluphuma kwigalelo elibukhali lobushushu bendawo.
Umgangatho wokuziqhelanisa kukusebenzisa isinyithi esihambelanayo sokugcwalisa, kodwa nangona kunjalo, ubushushu bangaphambi kobushushu kunye nolawulo lobushushu obuphakathi lubaluleke kakhulu. Uyila iphuli encinci, elawulwayo yokuphosa. Ukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye uzivalela kuxinzelelo. Ukucotha kakhulu, kwaye indawo echatshazelwe bubushushu iba nkulu kakhulu, inokuthi iguqule iipropathi zesiseko sesinyithi. Ndichithe iiyure kwi-weld yokulungisa i-weld enkulu yokufa, kuphela ukuva i-ping eyoyikisayo yokuqhekeka kusenziwa njengoko iphola, ngenxa yokuba sitsibe unyango olucothayo, olulawulwayo lwasemva kobushushu kwingubo ekhuselayo.
Ukulungiswa okuyimpumelelo kuhlala kuhla kulwazi lwezizwe. Abona bawelder bangcono baphuhlisa ukuva ukumanzi kunye nombala we-puddle. Le asiyonto uyifumana kwidatabase. Yiyo loo nto imisebenzi ekudala ikho yakha ulwazi olunjalo lweziko. Xa inkampani efana ne-QSY ikhankanya iminyaka engama-30 ekwenziweni nasekusebenzeni, loo mgca wexesha uthetha ukuba babonile kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba benze isabelo sabo sokulungisa kunye nomsebenzi wokubuyisela kwezi zinto zintsonkothileyo, ziqokelela imithetho engacacanga, engabhalwanga elawula impumelelo.
Ukujonga kuLwakhiwo lweenkozo
Ekugqibeleni, ukuthembela a ingxubevange yecobalt icandelo lithetha ukuthembela kwi-microstructure yayo. Isatifikethi sokuthotyelwa kwekhemistri liphepha nje lokuqala lebali. Ingxelo yokwenyani ibhaliwe kwisayizi yengqolowa, ukuhanjiswa kunye ne-morphology ye-carbides, kunye nokungabikho kweziphene. Kufuneka uyijonge. I-macro-etch inokutyhila imiba yokugalela, ukushwabana, okanye ukuvala okubandayo. I-Microscopy kwi-100x okanye i-500x ikuxelela ukuba i-carbides eqinile, i-carbides ekwazi ukunxiba isasazwe ngokulinganayo okanye idityaniswe kwiinethiwekhi ezinqabileyo.
Olu lujongo lokugqibela, olungaxoxiswananga lomgangatho. Sizikhabile iibhetshi eziphumelele zonke iitshekhi zedimensional kunye neekhemikhali kuba i-metallography ibonise ulwahlulo olukhulu lwe-dendritic. Inxalenye yayiza kuguga ngokungalingani kwaye yahluleka ngokukhawuleza. Eli nqanaba lokuphonononga liyinxalenye yephakheji xa usebenza nababoneleli abanzulu. Ngumahluko phakathi kokuthenga izinto kunye nokuthenga isiqinisekiso sokusebenza. Ukuxinana, ukuvakala, ukumila kwezinto—ezi ziziphumo ezibonakalayo zalo lonke olu lawulo lwenkqubo ekuthethwa ngalo ngaphambili.
Ke, xa uvavanya umthombo, khangela ubungqina bolu lawulo luphelele. Ngaba banokubonelela kungekuphela nje ukubunjwa, kodwa ibali elisemva kwayo? Ngaba banokuxoxa ngamagophe onyango lobushushu, amazinga okupholisa, kunye neethagethi ze-microstructural? Ukukwazi ukwenza oko, okuzelwe kumashumi eminyaka kugxininiso njengoko kubonwa kumaziko afana neQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology, yinto eyahlula umthengisi wamacandelo kwiqabane lokwenyani lokwenza imfuno. ingxubevange yecobalt izicelo. Izinto eziphathekayo zilungile kuphela njengenkqubo eyimilo, ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo.
