Masithethe ngeprototype yokwenziwa kwesanti. Lelinye lala magama ahlala ephoswa ngapha nangapha, amaxesha amaninzi kunye nokungaqondi kakuhle. Abantu beva iprototype kwaye bacinge ngoshicilelo lwe-3D okanye umatshini okhawulezayo, into ethambileyo kunye nedijithali. Emva koko beva ukujulwa kwesanti kunye nomfanekiso omkhulu, ukuveliswa kwegritty kwiibhloko ze-injini. Umlingo wokwenyani, kunye nocelomngeni lokwenyani, lwenzeka kanye apho ezo ngcinga zimbini zidibana khona. Ayikokwenza iqhekeza elinye eligqibeleleyo elebhu; imalunga nokwenza inxenye esebenzayo, enokuvavanywa eziphatha njengohlobo lokugqibela lwemveliso oluya kuthi, kusetyenziswa usapho olusisiseko olufanayo lweenkqubo. Injongo ayisiyomilo nje - yinto emele ukwakheka kwesixhobo, i-engile eyidrafti, isiphelo somphezulu, kunye nazo zonke ii-quirks ezivela ekugaleleni isinyithi kwisikhunta sesanti. Amaxesha amaninzi ndibone iiprojekthi zizinzile ngenxa yokuba iprototype yenziwe ukusuka kwinkqubo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye idatha evela kuvavanyo ayizange iguqulelwe. Nantso umsantsa prototype ukugatywa isanti ijolise ibhulorho.
Ingcamango engundoqo: Ukunyaniseka ngaphezu kwePolish
Ixabiso elisisiseko lokusebenzisa isanti yokuphosa kwiprototype kukunyaniseka. Uzibophelela kwiinyani zenkqubo kwangoko. Ukuba indawo yakho yokugqibela iya kuba kukuphosa isanti, ngoko ke iprototype yakho kufuneka ibe njalo. Oku kunyanzelisa uyilo lokwenziwa kwe-manufacturability (DFM) iincoko ukuba zenzeke kwasekuqaleni, hayi njengengcinga engemva. Uza kubona apho ufuna idrafti, uya kuva ubunzima bentsimbi, uya kuqonda ngokwakho i-gating kunye nemingeni ekhulayo. Ngumfundisi-ntsapho okhohlakeleyo kodwa onyanisekileyo. Iprototype yebillet eyenziwe kakuhle inokubonakala igqibelele edesikeni, kodwa ayikuxeleli kwanto malunga nokuba intsimbi iya kuhamba njani kubumba, apho i-shrinkage porosity inokuthi yenzeke, okanye ukuba utshintsho lodonga lwakho lunzima kakhulu kwinkqubo yokufumana.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yesibiyeli sokunyuswa kwesixhobo semizi-mveliso. Iprototype yokuqala yomxhasi yayiyiCNC eyenziwe ngomatshini kwipleyiti yealuminiyam eqinileyo. Yangena, yasebenza. Bakhanyisa i-tooling ye-high-pressure die casting. Izithonga zokuqala ezisuka kwimveliso zifa zigcwele izivalo ezibandayo kunye nokuzaliswa okungaphelelanga. Ngoba? Umzobo owenziwe ngoomatshini wawunekona zangaphakathi ezibukhali, ezisikweri ezazingenakwenzeka ukuba isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo sizalise ngesantya esiphezulu. Iprototype elula yokuphosa isanti, nokuba irhabaxa, ibiya kuphawula ngoko nangoko loo jiyometri njengengxaki. Ngesiyibonile imfuneko yeradio. Lulo ke uhlobo lwesifundo esixabisa amashumi amawaka ngokufa kwakhona.
Apha kulapho iqabane elinolwazi olunzulu lwe-Foundry lingenakuxoxisana. Udinga umntu onokujonga imodeli yeCAD kwaye ngokukhawuleza abone isikhunta, umgca wokuhlukana, iinqununu. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye neminyaka yabo engama-30 kwi-casting, isebenza kwesi sithuba ngokubonakalayo. Asikokwenza nje ukubumba; imalunga nokucebisa malunga nendlela yokulungelelanisa uyilo lokubumba ukwenza iprototype-kunye nokwandisa, inxalenye yokugqibela-iphumelele. Umsebenzi wabo uphela iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa, utyalo-mali, kunye ne-alloys ezahlukeneyo kuthetha ukuba bayayiqonda i-spectrum, ngoko bazi kakuhle ukuba nini kwaye kutheni ukucebisa isanti kwiprototype.
Inkqubo: Ikhawuleza, imdaka, kwaye iyafundisa
Ke, isebenza njani into enye okanye ixesha elifutshane? Idla ngokuba yinkqubo yemanyuwali okanye esemi-manyuwali. Awakhi ipateni ehlala ixesha elide, enokusetyenziswa kwakhona kumatshini wokubumba. Okunokwenzeka ngakumbi, wenza ipateni elungileyo ukusuka kumbindi onje ngebhodi ye-urethane okanye nokuba negwebu elinoxinano oluphezulu. Le pateni isetyenziselwa ukwenza ukubumba kwesanti, kusetyenziswa inkqubo yesanti yokungabhaki ngesantya. Umngundo unokuba yinto elula enamacandelo amabini ukukhawulelana kunye nokutsala, okanye unokufuna amaqhekeza akhululekileyo. Ugxininiso lusekubambeni ijiyometri, hayi ekuphumezeni umphezulu womgangatho wemveliso.
Ukhetho lwentsimbi lubalulekile. Ufuna ukufanisa, ngokusondeleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, i-alloy ejoliswe kwimveliso. Ukuba inxalenye yokugqibela iya kuba yintsimbi ye-ductile, iprototype yakho kufuneka igalelwe kwi-iron ductile. Oku kuvavanya ubumanzi baloo ngxubevange ethile, izinga lokucutheka kwayo, iimfuno zayo zokutyisa. Ukugalela i-prototype kwi-aluminium xa imveliso iya kuba yintsimbi iphantse ibe yinto engenamsebenzi kwimbono yokuziphatha kwezinto. Le yenye indawo apho ubuchule bezinto eziphathekayo be-Foundry bungundoqo. amava QSY kunye intsimbi, intsimbi, intsimbi engenasici, kwaye ikhethekileyo ialloys esekwe nickel kuthetha ukuba banokukukhokelela kwimathiriyeli emele, nokuba iprototype. I-thermal dynamics yokugalela i-superalloy lihlabathi elingaphandle kwentsimbi engwevu.
Umphumela ubaluleke kanye njengokugalela. Uvuthulula ukuphosa, unqumle amasango kunye nezinyusi, kwaye uyakubona ngenene into onayo. Inkangeleko yokuqala ihlala ixela. Unokubona umngxuma obonakalayo oshwabeneyo kwicandelo elishinyeneyo, eqinisekisa ukuba ufuna isikhuphukeli esikhulu. Unokubona isanti ivutha kwinqanaba elincinci, ebonisa ukuba isinyithi sishushu kakhulu okanye icandelo lincinci kakhulu ukuba lingagcwaliswa ngokufanelekileyo. Le yingxelo ekrwada, ekhawulezileyo. Emva koko wenza ucoceko oluncinci-mhlawumbi ukudubula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokudlula umgca wokuqhawula kunye ne-grinder-kwanele nje ukuba isebenze ukuvavanya. Injongo kukuyifaka kwi-rig okanye kumatshini ukuze ubone ukuba iyasebenza, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba iyasilela njani ukuba iyenzeka.
Xa sisiXhobo esiLungileyo (kwaye xa singesiso)
Iprototype yesanti yokuphosa ikhanya kwizicelo ezithile. Amalungu amakhulu, enye. Idla ngokuba yeyona ndlela ingabiziyo kakhulu yokwenza iprototype yecandelo eliyimitha okanye ngaphezulu ngobukhulu. Amacandelo anzima ngomnye umviwa olungileyo, njengoko ezinye iindlela zeprototyping ezikhawulezayo zisokola kunye nemithamo yentsimbi eqinileyo. Ikwafanelekile kumalungu anemingxuma entsonkothileyo yangaphakathi efuna iintsimbi zesanti. Uyakwazi ukulinganisa inkqubo engundoqo yokwenza ngokwayo. Kwaye kunjalo, kubalulekile xa iipropathi zezinto eziphathekayo zealloyi yokuphosa zibaluleke kakhulu kuvavanyo, njengokumelana nobushushu i-cobalt-based alloy okanye ukuxhathisa umhlwa kwibakala elithile elingenabala.
Kodwa akusiyo i-panacea. Kwiindawo ezincinci kakhulu, ezineenkcukacha eziphezulu kunye nokunyamezelana okuqinileyo, utyalo-mali lunokuba yindlela engcono yomzekelo, nakwinxalenye yemveliso yesanti, ukujonga nje ukufaneleka kunye nefomu. Ukuba ufuna ishumi elinesibini eliphantse lifane leeprototypes zebhetshi yovavanyo, uqoqosho lunokukutyhalela kwindlela esisigxina yokungunda okanye ukwenza oomatshini. Kwaye ukuba ukugqitywa komphezulu okanye ukuchaneka komda yeyona nto iphambili yovavanyo, ke ungcono kumatshini. Amandla okwenziwa kwesanti yeprototype kukuvavanya ukwenziwa kunye nokusebenza okuninzi koyilo olulungiselelwe ukuphosa isanti.
Umzekelo osebenzayo: sakha sasebenza kwiprototype yoyilo olutsha oluninzi. Ijometri yayintsonkothile, ineendlela ezidibanayo. Indlela yokuvelisa yayikukubumba iqokobhe. Sisebenzise iprototype yesanti yokuphosa (esebenzayo indlela yesanti eluhlaza) ukuvavanya uyilo olusisiseko. Lo mzekelo watyhila umba omkhulu wesiphithiphithi kwisicatshulwa esinye owawunokukhokelela ekwenziweni kwentlenga. Sayila ngokutsha inkqubo yembaleki esekwe kulo mzekelo omnye wokugalela. Xa kamva safudukela kweyona nto iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa inkqubo yokuveliswa kwangaphambili, loo ngxaki yayisele isonjululwe. Iprototype ayikhange ikhangeleke intle, kodwa igcine iprojekthi.
Imiqobo ebambekayo kunye nezigqibo eziyinyani
Ayikho yonke into ethe ngqo. Enye yezona ntloko zinkulu kukwenza ipateni. Kwi-one-off yenyani, ukutshabalalisa ipateni eyenziwe ngoomatshini ekubunjeni kwamkelekile. Kodwa ukuba ucinga ukuba ungadinga ezimbini okanye ezintathu zokugalela ukuphindaphinda, udinga ipateni ehlala ixesha elide. Oko kuqhuba iindleko zokuqala kunye nexesha. Kukho urhwebo olungagungqiyo: sityala malini kwisixhobo somfuziselo (ipateni) ngokuchasene nokufumana nje isinyithi esandleni?
Enye ingongoma echuliweyo yintlabathi ngokwayo. Abaseki bemveliso basebenzisa isanti elawulwa ngokungqongqo, ehlaziyiweyo enezongezo ezithile. Ivenkile engumzekelo inokusebenzisa inkqubo yesanti eyahlukileyo, esebenza ngeendlela ezininzi. Iimpawu ze-thermal ziyahluka. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokukhokelela ekuhlukeni okuncinci kumazinga okupholisa kunye nokuthungwa komphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yokugqibela yokuvelisa. Kuya kufuneka uyiqonde le nto kwaye ungatoliki kakhulu iiyantlukwano ezingephi. Iipropati eziphambili zomatshini, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka zilawulwe yintsimbi, kungekhona isanti.
Ixesha lokukhokela ngomnye unobangela. Iyakhawuleza kunokwakhiwa kwezixhobo zemveliso, kodwa ayingobusuku obunye. Unendlela yokwenza ipateni, indibano yokubumba, ukugalela, ukupholisa, kunye ne-shakeout. Umgca wexesha lokwenyani wenxalenye ephakathi-ntsonkothile ziiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine. Kulapho ucwangciso lubalulekileyo. Sisigaba esidinga ukuhlonishwa kwishedyuli yophuhliso lwemveliso, hayi umzuzu wokugqibela oh, sifuna intsimbi yentsimbi.
Ukudibanisa kunye naManyathelo alandelayo: CNC kunye naNgaphandle
Kunqabile ukuba iprototype yesanti yokuphosa iye ngqo kuvavanyo ngaphandle komatshini othile. Leyo likhonkco lendalo kwikhonkco lenkonzo epheleleyo. Kuya kufuneka usoloko ufuna umatshini wobuso bedatum ebalulekileyo, imingxunya yebholt, okanye umphezulu wokutywina ukuze ufumane uvavanyo oluchanekileyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto imodeli yenkampani enikezela zombini ukuphosa kunye CNC Machining unamandla kakhulu. Banokusingatha i-loop yonke: uphononongo lokuyila, ukwenza ipateni, ukugalela, ukushukuma, unyango lobushushu ukuba luyimfuneko, kwaye emva koko ukuchaneka kweempawu ezibalulekileyo kwi-rough casting efanayo.
Le ndlela idityanisiweyo iphelisa ungquzulwano olukhulu kunye nokunganxibelelani kakuhle. Ingcibi ye-machinist ayiqikelele ukuba iphi indawo yokwenyani ekujuleni okurhabaxa; bayinxalenye yeqela elifanayo elenzileyo. Kwindawo efana ne-QSY (https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), lo ngumsebenzi osemgangathweni. Iprototype iphuma kwi-Foundry, idutyulwe iqhume, kwaye iye kwivenkile yomatshini. Banemodeli yoqobo ye-CAD, kwaye bayazi ukuba zeziphi iimpawu eziphoswayo kwaye kufuneka zitshintshwe ukuze zicaciswe. Oku kuqhubekeka kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni intembeko yeprototype kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zinentsingiselo.
Ekugqibeleni, iprototype iba sisiseko senkqubo yemveliso. Inkqubo yokungena oyiqinisekisileyo, indawo yokunyuka oyiqinisekisileyo, uyilo olungundoqo oluvavanyiweyo-lonke olo lwazi luzondla ngokuthe ngqo kuyilo lwepateni yemveliso kunye nokungunda. Iprototype eyenziwe kakuhle yesigaba sokugalela isanti ayivelisi nje inxalenye yovavanyo; ivelisa imephu yendlela yenkqubo. Isusa emngciphekweni utyalo-mali lwezixhobo ezixabisa kakhulu oluza kulandela. Ijika into engaziwayo yoyilo olutsha ibe yimiyinge eyaziwayo, okanye ubuncinci, ibe luqikelelo olufunde kakhulu. Kwaye kweli shishini, ukuqikelela okufundileyo kuhlala kungumohluko phakathi kokuqaliswa okugudileyo kunye nokusilela okunexabiso elikhulu.
