Xa umntu esithi iinxalenye zeHastelloy, uninzi lucinga ngembumbulu yomlingo yokubola. Iinombolo zedatha ziyamangalisa, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa kulapho incoko yokwenyani iqala khona, ayipheli. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi lusilela ngenxa yokuba baphatha i-Hastelloy C-276 okanye i-C-22 njengempahla yorhwebo. Ayiyo. Umsantsa phakathi kwesakhono se-alloy kunye necandelo elisebenzayo, elithembekileyo kulapho owona msebenzi wenziwa khona-kwisiseko kunye kumgangatho wevenkile yomatshini.
I-Casting Conundrum: Yonke into ikwi-Fied
Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali kukuya kwi-complex Amalungu e-Hastelloy alloy, ngakumbi iimilo ezinodonga olucekethekileyo, ezintsonkothileyo esihlala sizibona kwi-aerospace okanye kwimilo yemilomo yemichiza. I-nickel ephezulu ye-alloy kunye nomxholo we-molybdenum unika ukuxhathisa okuqhelekileyo, kodwa kuyenza ibe sisilwanyana ukuphosa ngokucocekileyo. Uluhlu lokuqinisa lukhohlisayo. Ufumana iinyembezi ezishushu ukuba isango lakho lokungena kunye nenkqubo yokunyuka ayibonakali. Asiyonto uqikelela kuyo; yiminyaka yepateni.
Oku sakufunda kabuhlungu kwasekuqaleni. Ibhetshi yemizimba yevalvu kumxhasi, eyenzelwe inkonzo ebukhali yekloridi. Iiprototypes zadlula i-PT, zikhangeleka zigqibelele. Kodwa phantsi kovavanyo lwe-hydro, abambalwa baphuhlise ukuvuza kweenwele kwindawo yokuhlangana. Ingxaki? Ukuncipha kancinci. Okungabonakali, kungekhona kumphezulu, kodwa isiphene esibulalayo. Isisombululo asikokusebenzisa isinyithi esingcono kuphela. Yayiyila ngokutsha iintloko zokutya, ukulungisa ijiko lobushushu lokugalela, kunye nokuqhelaniswa nenxalenye kwiqela lokungunda. Nantso icala unglamorous of alloys ezikhethekileyo.
Ivenkile eyaziyo le, njenge I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), inomphetho. Ngamashumi amathathu eminyaka kwiqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, banokuthi bagalele yonke into eqhelekileyo kunye ne-nickel-based alloy esekwe phaya ngaphandle. Le nkumbulo yeziko malunga nendlela, yithi, iHastelloy X iziphatha ngayo ngokuchasene neHastelloy B-3 ngexesha lokupholisa ayinaxabiso. Awunako ukukhuphela oko kuluhlu lwezixhobo.
UMatshini: Apho uHlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lweZixhobo luya kufa
Ukuba ukujula kumalunga nokurhwebesha intsimbi ibe yimilo, umatshini ngumlo olawulwayo. Umsebenzi weHastelloy unzima. Ngondlongondlongo. Ufakelo olubuthuntu kancinci okanye isantya sokutya esinethemba, kwaye udale indawo yendawo enzima kunomsiki wakho. Awusasikwa nje; uyasila kwaye uvelise ubushushu obuphambeneyo, obuthoba ngakumbi isixhobo kwaye bunokuchaphazela isinyithi senxalenye.
Isicwangciso siphantsi kwaye sicotha. Ukupholisa koxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukuseta okungqongqo, kunye neprimiyamu, iijiyometri zesixhobo ezikhethekileyo azixoxiswana. ICarbide isemgangathweni, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha untywila kwi-ceramic okanye kwi-CBN yokugqiba ukupasa. Ixabiso ngenxalenye nganye ayikho kwibhloko yemathiriyeli; kukusebenzisa izixhobo kunye nexesha lomatshini. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yeringi yokutywina enobubanzi obukhulu ukusuka eHastelloy C-2000. Umsebenzi wokuguqula wawuthe tye de sabetha umjelo wangaphakathi. Ukufakwa kwe-Standard grooving chiped phakathi kwemizuzu. Saye sagqiba ukusebenzisa isixhobo esiqhelekileyo, esilungileyo kwaye sanciphisa ukutya ngama-40%. Kwavakala kucotha kabuhlungu, kodwa yayikuphela kwendlela yokufumana isiphelo esicocekileyo ngaphandle kolweleko lokuphinda ulwele.
Kulapho amaziko adibeneyo abonisa ixabiso lawo. Inkampani ephethe zombini ukuphosa kunye CNC Machining endlwini, njengeQSY ekhankanyiweyo, inokwandisa yonke inkqubo. Banokushiya isitokhwe sobuchule bokugalela, besazi kakuhle ukuba zingakanani na izinto ezifunwa lisebe labo le-CNC ukucoca ulusu kunye nokunyamezelana. Iphelisa umdlalo wokutyhola phakathi kwabathengisi abahlukeneyo kunye noomatshini bomatshini.
I-Special in Special Alloys
Abathengi bahlala beza nesicelo seHastelloy ngaphandle kokuchaza ibakala. Oko kufana nokucela intsimbi. Ukhetho phakathi kwe-B-2 yokunciphisa i-acids, i-C-276 ye-oxidizers exutywe, okanye i-G-30 yeendawo ze-phosphoric acid ibalulekile. Yiphazili yokuhambelana kwemichiza. Kodwa kukho omnye umaleko: ukwenziwa. I-C-276 lihashe lomsebenzi ngesizathu-inokuweldable ngakumbi kwaye izinzile kuluhlu olubanzi. I-B-2 idume ngokukrakra ngexesha le-welding ukuba ayiphathwa ngokugqibeleleyo.
Emva koko kukho ukufunwa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada ngokwayo. Izatifikethi zokugaya ziyimfuneko, kodwa ukulandeleka kuyinkosi. Kwiindawo zenkonzo ebalulekileyo, kufuneka wazi inombolo yobushushu, uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, ube namakhuphoni okuvavanya ukusuka kubushushu obufanayo kwiziqinisekiso zenkqubo. Oku akunakuxoxiswana kumashishini afana ne-oyile engaselunxwemeni kunye negesi okanye amayeza.
Ikhono lokufumana kunye nokuqinisekisa ezi alloys ezikhethekileyo bubuchule obuphambili. Uthungelwano lomboneleli kunye nokuthembeka kunye nezixhobo ezinkulu zokusila zibalulekile. Xa inkampani idwelisa ialloys esekwe nickel njengento ekhethekileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba banalo ikhonkco lonikezelo kunye nenkqubo yokuqinisekisa edayiweyo. Ayikokuba noluhlu lwesitokhwe kuphela; imalunga nokuba namajelo athembekileyo.
Xa Okulungileyo Kwanele Akukho: I-Gauntlet yoHlolo
Ukugqiba inxalenye yinto enye. Ukungqina ukuba iyilungele inkonzo yenye. Kuba Amalungu e-Hastelloy alloy, iitshekhi ezibonakalayo kunye ne-dimensional zisenzo nje sokuvula. Uvavanyo lwe-Dayi penetrant (PT) lumgangatho wokukhubazeka komphezulu. Kodwa kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo, ujonge kwi-radiography epheleleyo (RT) ukuzingela i-porosity yangaphakathi okanye i-shrinkage, kunye novavanyo lwe-ultrasonic (UT) yokudibanisa ingqibelelo kwiindibano ezidibeneyo.
Uvavanyo lokwenyani, ngokwenyani, luhlala luvavanya umhlwa. I-ASTM G28 Indlela A yokuhlaselwa kwe-intergranular ixhaphake kumanqanaba amaninzi e-Hastelloy ukujonga uvakalelo kwi-welding okanye unyango olungafanelekanga lobushushu. Oku akukhawulezi. Kubandakanya ukubilisa isampuli kwisisombululo se-ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid kwiiyure ezingama-24, emva koko ukulinganisa ukulahleka kwesisindo. Luvavanyo olutshabalalisayo, ke kufuneka amakhuphoni amangqina asuka kwibhetshi enye. Eli nyathelo lohlula abavelisi abayinxalenye yababoneleli.
Ukulawula yonke le gauntlet esemgangathweni kufuna inkqubo. Ngamaphepha, iirekhodi zokuhlengahlengiswa, abahloli abaqinisekisiweyo, kunye nenkcubeko engenzi mida. Inkampani eneminyaka engama-30 ubudala kule ndawo iye yasinda ngenxa yokuba yakha loo nkqubo. Iwebhusayithi yabo inokuthi machining, kodwa imveliso yokwenyani yiphakheji yesatifikethi esiza nenxalenye.
I-Pragmatic Takeaway
Ke, konke oku kuthetha ntoni kumntu ofumana la macandelo? Okokuqala, hamba ngaphaya kwebakala lezinto eziphathekayo. Cacisa indawo yesicelo-amaqondo obushushu, imidiya, ugxininiso, uxinzelelo. Okwesibini, beka phambili ubuchule benkqubo ngaphezu kwexabiso. Elona xabiso liphantsi lokuphosa okanye ukucaphula ngomatshini kuhlala yeyona mpazamo ibiza kakhulu. Buza malunga namava abo athile ngebakala olikhethileyo, cela ukubona izifundo ezifanayo okanye undwendwele indawo.
Jonga udibaniso oluthe nkqo. Umthengisi olawula uhambo ukusuka kwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ukuya esigqityiweyo, inxalenye ehloliwe, njengaleyo idityanisiweyo utyalo mali kunye nezakhono ze-CNC, ngokwendalo inamanqaku ambalwa okusilela. Bangabanikazi bekhonkco elipheleleyo lomgangatho. Okokugqibela, hlonipha ubuchule. Iivenkile ezilungileyo zixazulula iingxaki obungazi ukuba unazo. Baza kubuza inkcukacha yomzobo eyenza uxinzelelo lwengqondo kule alloy, okanye bacebise utshintsho lweradius encinci ukuphucula ukuphosa.
Ekugqibeleni, uphumelele Amalungu e-Hastelloy alloy azithengwa kwishelufu. Zisisiphumo sentsebenziswano phakathi koyilo olunolwazi kunye noveliso olunexesha elithile, apho iipropathi ezidumileyo zemathiriyeli ziguqulelwa ngokuthembekileyo zibe licandelo elingadibaniyo nje ne-spec, kodwa lisinda kwihlabathi lokwenyani. Nguwo lowo umahluko phakathi kwenxalenye eyenziwe ngeHastelloy kunye neyenza ngokwenene njengayo.
