Xa usiva 'utyalo-mali olukhawulezayo', uninzi lucinga ukuba imalunga nokuqhwaba 'ngokukhawuleza' kwinkqubo endala elahlekileyo. Ngumgibe wokuqala lowo. Ukukhawuleza kokwenyani apha akukho malunga noxinzelelo lwexesha lomjikelo; yinkqubo yokucinga ngokutsha yepateni yemveliso, iqokobhe, kunye ne-dewaxing, lonke eli xesha libambe ukuthembeka okulinganayo okwenza ukuba utyalo-mali luxabiseke. Iivenkile ezininzi ziyibanga, kodwa umsantsa phakathi kokubanga kunye nokuhanjiswa kulapho owona msebenzi-kunye nokusilela okunomdla-kwenzekayo.
Umbono ongeyiyo ongundoqo: Isantya vs. Ingqibelelo
Eyona mpazamo inkulu ndiyibonayo kukucinga ukuba unokukhawulezisa inkqubo yemveli. Awunako. Ukugalela imali kubashicileli be-3D abakhawulezayo kwiipateni yinto enye, kodwa ukuba ishedyuli yakho yokwakha iqokobhe alikwazi ukuqhubeka, okanye umjikelo wakho wokutshiswa uyangazinzi, wenze i-bottleneck ebiza kakhulu. Inxalenye 'ekhawulezayo' kufuneka yenziwe injineli kuwo onke amanqanaba, kwaye loo nto yobunjineli ayinakuthethathethwano. Yibhalansi, ehlala iyibhalansi, phakathi kwe-thermal dynamics yokwenziwa kodaka olutsha kunye namandla omatshini afunekayo ekuphatheni.
Umzekelo, sakhe sazama ukwamkela imathiriyeli entsha yepateni enyangekayo ye-UV ethembisa ukuncitshiswa kwe-60% kwixesha lokuvelisa ipateni. Isantya sasiyinyani. Ingxaki yavela ngexesha le-autoclave dewaxing. I-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal eyahlukileyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-wax yethu eqhelekileyo ibangele iintanda ezincinci kwidyasi yokuqala eludaka, ekhokelela kumyinge we-40% wokusilela kweqokobhe kwibhetshi yokuqala yolingo. Olu luhlobo 'lokukhawuleza' olukubiza ixesha kunye nemali eninzi. Kusinyanzele ukuba sibuyele kwilebhu ukuze sitshintshe i-slurry's refractoriness kunye ne-binder ratio ngokukodwa kweso sixhobo sitsha. Isicombululo sasingekho jikelele; yayilulungiso olulungiselelweyo.
Apha kulapho amava okusebenza exesha elide abaluleke kakhulu. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye nesiseko sabo seminyaka engama-30 iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa kwaye utyalo mali, mhlawumbi uyibonile le mijikelo yokuyila nokuhlehla. Loo nkumbulo yeziko malunga nendlela imathiriyeli eziziphatha ngayo phantsi koxinzelelo yiyo ethintela ukungxamela okungaboniyo kuso sonke isisombululo 'esikhawulezayo' esitsha. Unokufumana okungakumbi malunga nendlela yabo kwindawo yabo, tsngtaocnc.com. Ubungcali babo kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuya kwialloyi esekwe kwinikeli bucebisa ukuba bayaqonda ukuba iiparamitha 'ezikhawulezayo' zentsimbi engatyiwayo aziyi kusebenza kwialloyi esekwe kwi-cobalt. Nantso ke incasa.
Ipateni Revolution:Ngaphaya koShicilelo lwe-3D
Ewe, ushicilelo lwe-3D, ngokukodwa i-stereolithography (i-SLA) okanye i-binder jetting, lisango lokungena kwiprototyping ekhawulezayo yokusasa. Kodwa ukuphatha iphethini eprintiweyo njenge-wax ebambele ngqo yimpazamo ye-rookie. Ukugqitywa komphezulu, umxholo wothuthu emva kokutshiswa, kunye neepolima ezishiyekileyo zonke zisebenzisana neqokobhe leceramic ngokwahlukileyo. Uhlala ufuna isambatho sesibini okanye idiphu yokuqala elungisiweyo ukuze utywine umphezulu. Sifunde ukuqhuba iibhetshi ezincinci zokuqinisekisa-ngamanye amaxesha iigobolondo ezilishumi elinambini-ukucofa kwinkqubo yemathiriyeli yepateni entsha okanye ijometri ngaphambi kokuzibophelela kwimveliso.
Olona kuqhubela phambili 'olukhawulezayo', ngokokubona kwam, lukwiindlela ezixutyiweyo. Ukusebenzisa ushicilelo lwe-3D ukwenza iipatheni eziphambili zesixhobo se-silicone, apho unokutofa iwax eninzi okanye iikopi zepateni ezinyibilikayo. Oku kuvala umsantsa phakathi kwesantya somzobo omnye kunye nemfuno yokungaguquguquki kwemveliso yebhetshi encinci. Ayithandeki kangako kunokuhamba kwedijithali ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ihlala ithembeke ngakumbi kwaye inexabiso elisebenzayo kwimitsi engama-20-50.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yecandelo le turbine intsimbi apho umxhasi wayefuna iiprototypes ezisebenzayo ezingama-30 zokuvavanya injini. Iipateni eziprintiweyo ze-3D ezisulungekileyo bezinokuba zibiza kakhulu. Saprinta i-master, sakha i-mold ye-urethane ejika ngokukhawuleza, kwaye safaka ipateni ye-alloy point-low-melt point. Yongeze iveki ngaphambili kodwa yagcina phantse iiveki ezintathu kwipatheni nganye yexesha lokushicilela kwaye yasinika iimpawu zokwakheka kweqokobhe elingaguqukiyo. Amaqokobhe abanjwe, ukuphosa kwakuvakala, kwaye umxhasi wafumana uluhlu lwabo lovavanyo kwishedyuli. Oko kukwenza utyalo-mali olukhawulezayo.
Ulwakhiwo lweShell: iSigaba soKwakha okanye soKwaphula
Apha kulapho inkqubo ifumana ukuthenjwa okanye iwa. Ukomisa ngokukhawuleza kuyahenda—ukusebenzisa umoya onyanzeliswayo, izinto zokuphelisa ubushushu okanye ubushushu obuthambileyo. Kodwa yikhawulezise, kwaye ubambe ukufuma okanye wenze i-laminations ebuthathaka phakathi kweedyasi. Iqokobhe lingajongeka lilungile de libetheke kwiziko, emva koko lisilele ngentlekele. Siye safudukela kumagumbi okusingqongileyo alawulwayo anobumanzi obuchanekileyo kunye noqwalaselo lobushushu. Ivakala isisiseko, kodwa olu lawulo lusivumela ukuba sinqumle kwangaphambili amaxesha omisa ngedyasi ngama-20-30% ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ingqibelelo. Ayinabukhazikhazi, kodwa iyasebenza.
Ukukhethwa kwe-stucco-isanti enqabileyo efakwe phakathi kwe-slurry dips-yenye i-lever efihlakeleyo. Isituko esirhabaxa, esithe kratya sinokwakha ubukhulu beqokobhe ngokukhawuleza, sinciphisa inani leedyasi ezifunekayo kubunzima obunikiweyo. Kodwa inokudala indawo yangaphakathi erhabaxa kwi-casting. Ngenxalenye efuna ukugqitywa komphezulu ocolekileyo, unokunamathela kwi-stucco ecocekileyo kwaye wamkele iidyasi ezininzi. Akukho sidlo sasemini sasimahla; sonke isigqibo sokugcina ixesha sinorhwebo-off kolunye uphawu.
Kwii-alloys ezinzima, njenge ialloys esekwe nickel I-QSY isebenza nayo, ikhemistri yeqokobhe ngokwayo iyona nto ibalulekileyo. Iqokobhe kufuneka limelane namaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngaphandle kokusabela ngesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo. Inkqubo 'ekhawulezayo' esebenzisa ukwakheka kweqokobhe elisemgangathweni lentsimbi yekhabhoni iya kusilela ngokupheleleyo nge-superalloy. Iqokobhe linokuthi lithambe okanye lidale ukubandakanywa. Ngoko ke, indlela yokusebenza 'ekhawulezayo' kufuneka ingqamane ne-alloy. Umsebenzi wabo wexesha elide kwii-alloys ezikhethekileyo, njengoko kuphawuliwe kwiprofayile yenkampani yabo, kuthetha ukuba kufuneka baphuhlise (kwaye banokukhusela) iinkqubo zeqokobhe lobunini bezi zixhobo.
I-Dewaxing kunye nokutshiswa: I-Thermal Gauntlet
Eli lelona nyathelo limangalisayo. I-autoclaving yesiko yomphunga iyasebenza kodwa inokucotha kwiipateni ezishinyeneyo. I-flash dewaxing kwiziko lobushushu obuphezulu iyakhawuleza kodwa ibeka umothuko omkhulu oshushu kwiqokobhe. Siye saba namaqokobhe ngokoqobo agqabhuke xa wax wanda ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. I-compromise esiye sazinzisa kuyo yindlela enamanqanaba amabini: umjikelo omfutshane, ophantsi woxinzelelo lwe-autoclave ukususa ubuninzi be-wax, ulandelwa kukutshiswa komlilo olawulwayo ukuphelisa intsalela kunye ne-sinter iqokobhe. Ayisiyiyo eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo, kodwa ivelisa elona zinga liphezulu lokusinda kwiijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo.
Umjikelo wokudinwa yenye indawo elungele ukwenziwa. Injongo kukususa yonke intsalela yepateni ngaphandle kokugxininisa kakhulu kwi-ceramic. Ii-thermocouples ezibekwe ngaphakathi kwiqokobhe le-dummy zinceda imephu ye-thermal gradient. Ngokuhlalutya le datha, sikwazile ukuyila amacandelo akhawulezayo anyukayo kwiindawo zobushushu apho iqokobhe lizinze kakhulu, kwaye licothise ngezigaba ezibalulekileyo zotshintsho. Ichebe malunga ne-25% kwixesha lethu lilonke leziko. Luhlobo oluqhutywa yidatha 'lokukhawuleza', hayi intelekelelo.
Ukungaphumeleli apha kuyabiza. Iqokobhe eliqhekekileyo elifunyenwe emva kokudinwa lithetha ukuba uphulukene nalo lonke ixesha kwaye utyalwe imali ukuza kuthi ga ngelo xesha-ipateni, i-slurry, umsebenzi, amandla. Yiyo loo nto ingqondo 'ekhawulezayo' kufuneka ibandakanye ukuqinisekiswa kwenkqubo eyomeleleyo. Uwakhawulezisa amanyathelo onokuwalawula kunye nokulinganisa, kwaye ushiya izithinteli apho imingcipheko iphezulu.
Ukudityaniswa koMatshini: UkuQeda okubalulekileyo
Utyalo-mali olukhawulezayo alwenziwa xa inxalenye ishukunyiswa ngaphandle kweqokobhe. Imo ye-as-cast phantse isoloko ifuna okuthile CNC Machining-ukubhola, ukugawula ubuso obubalulekileyo, ukuthunga. Apha kulapho itsheyini 'ekhawulezayo' inokwaphuka khona kwakhona ukuba ukusaswa akulungiselelwanga ukwenziwa (DFM) kwasekuqaleni. Ukuba wonga iiveki ezimbini ekusaseni kodwa ke kufuneka iiveki ezintathu zobuchule obuntsonkothileyo, obuninzi be-axis machining ngenxa yomgangatho ombi wedatum okanye izinto ezingafikelelekiyo, uphulukene nogqatso.
Intsebenziswano esondeleyo phakathi kwe-Foundry kunye nevenkile yomatshini ibalulekile. Kwintsebenzo edibeneyo efana ne-QSY, apho ukuphosa kunye CNC Machining ziphantsi kophahla olunye, le handoff kufuneka ingabinamthungo. Banokuyila inkqubo yokuphosa kunye nokulungiswa komatshini engqondweni, bongeze isitokhwe esincinci kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo, kwaye baqinisekise ukuba umatshini we-alloy uyaqwalaselwa. Umzekelo, ibakala elithile le intsimbi engenasici inokuphosa kakuhle kodwa ibe liphupha elibi kumatshini ukuba unyango lobushushu alulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo emva kokuphosa. Umboneleli odibeneyo uphatha oko kuqhubeka.
Ezona projekthi zikhawulezayo ziphumeleleyo bendiyinxalenye yokusoloko ndibandakanya oomatshini kuphononongo loyilo lwakwangoko. Bangabonisa utshintsho oluncinci lwe-engile yoyilo oluya kuvumela ukulungiswa okulula, okanye bacebise ukufuduswa komgca wokwahlula ukwenza i-datum ecocekileyo. Ezo ngxoxo, ezenzeka ngaphambili, zizinto ezenza umbhobho wonke-ukusuka kwimodeli yedijithali ukuya ekugqibeleni, icandelo lomatshini-ngokwenene ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunokwethenjelwa.
Ukuqukumbela: Yifilosofi, hayi iQhosha
Ngoko, emva kwayo yonke le nto, yintoni na utyalo mali ngokukhawuleza? Asiyoteknoloji enye oyithengayo. Yintanda-bulumko yokuphucula inkqubo ehlanganisiweyo, exhaswa lulwazi olunzulu lwemathiriyeli kunye nokuzimisela ukuqhuba imifuniselo elawulwayo (kwaye kwamkele ukusilela okuthile). Imalunga nokwazi apho unokutyhala khona nalapho kufuneka ube nomonde. Ngumahluko phakathi kwevenkile eyenza nje i-castings kunye nenye ehambisa izisombululo ezinobunjineli phantsi koxinzelelo lwexesha.
Iinkampani ezenza oku kakuhle, ezo zinerekhodi yamashumi eminyaka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana intsimbi kunye ne-alloys ezikhethekileyo, zizuze isantya sazo. Baye bayakha ngamava aqokelelweyo, ngamanye amaxesha abuhlungu. Baye bafunda ukuba ukukhawuleza kokwenyani kukunciphisa ixesha elipheleleyo lokukhokelela kwindawo esebenzayo, efanelekileyo, kungekhona nje malunga neeyure ezichithwa yintsimbi ekubunjeni. Le yeyona njongo yokwenene, kwaye inzima kakhulu—kwaye inika umdla—kunokuba ivakala.
