Xa usithi 'inxalenye yokutshintshisa ubushushu', abantu abaninzi bafanekisela ityhubhu okanye iphiko. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Ngokwenyani, licandelo elichazwa ngumsebenzi walo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo ye-thermal, kwaye loo msebenzi uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwijometri, imfezeko yezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokunxibelelana komphezulu. Ndibone imizobo emininzi kakhulu apho kugxininiswa kuphela kwimilinganiselo yokugqibela, ndingayihoyi uhambo oluthathwa yintsimbi ukuya apho-indlela yokuphosa, izibonelelo zomatshini, isakhiwo sengqolowa. Kulapho ukusilela kuhlala kuqala khona, hayi ekusebenzeni, kodwa ngokweenkcukacha.
Isiseko: Iqala ngeCast
Awunakho ukutshiza inxalenye ethembekileyo ukusuka kwintlupheko yokuphosa. Oku kubonakala kucacile, kodwa kujongelwa phantsi. Kuba iindawo zokutshintsha ubushushu njengeentloko eziyinkimbinkimbi, ii-manifolds, okanye iibhatyi zamanzi, iipaseji zangaphakathi ziyinto yonke. Ukutshintsha okuncinci kumbindi ngexesha iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa inokudala indawo ebhityileyo eba yindawo yokusilela phantsi kwebhayisekile eshushu. Sifunde oku kwangoko ngecompressor intercooler end cap yomthengi. Ushicilelo lufuna ubukhulu obuthile bodonga, kodwa inkqubo yokuqala yokugalela isanti ayikwazanga ukubamba undoqo webhaffle yangaphakathi. Isiphumo? Ireyithi ye-scrap ye-30% kwibhetshi yokuqala emva komatshini, ngenxa yokuba i-CNC probe igcina ukufumana i-voids. Inxalenye yayijongeka igqibelele ngaphandle, kodwa yayiphazamisekile ngokwesakhiwo ngaphakathi.
Yiyo loo nto kwizinto ezinoxinzelelo okanye ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, sihlala sityhala abathengi ukuya utyalo mali kwifomu yokuqala. Ukuchaneka komda kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu ukusuka ekuqaleni kuphezulu, ngakumbi kwezo tshaneli zintsonkothileyo zangaphakathi. Ewe, kubiza kakhulu kwisiqwenga ngasinye kwinqanaba lokungunda, kodwa ugcina intywenka yemali kumatshini wexesha kunye nenkcitho yezinto eziphathekayo. Unika inkqubo ye-CNC ithuba lokulwa. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yesakhelo sokutshintsha ubushushu kwipleyiti kwi-316L engenastainless apho ukutshintshwa kwe-weldment eyenziweyo ukuya kwi-monolithic investment casting kunqumle inxalenye yonke yeendleko malunga ne-15% xa ugxininise ekupheliseni unyango lobushushu emva kwe-weld kunye nokunciphisa ukudlula kwe-machining.
Ukhetho lwezinto eziphathekayo apha alunakwahlulwa kwinkqubo. Ukuchaza a ialloy esekwe nickel njenge-Inconel 625 kumbhobho wegesi ophezulu wobushushu? Phantse ngokuqinisekileyo ujonge ukufakwa kotyalo-mali. Ukuqukuqela kwesinyithi kule nkqubo, kudityaniswe namandla ashushu e-alloy, kukunika isiqalo esithembeke ngakumbi esingenanto kunokuzama ukumatshini yonke into ukusuka kwibhloko eqinileyo. Abantu ku Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) banengongoma xa begxininisa umsebenzi wabo ngezi ialloys ezikhethekileyo. Asikokuba nombandela nje kuphela esitokhweni; imalunga nokwazi indlela eziphatha ngayo ngexesha lokuqiniswa kwimibundo yeqokobhe labo, ingakanani i-shrinkage enokulindela, indawo yokunyuka. Loo minyaka engama-30 abayikhankanyayo ekuphoseni ayingomgca wokuthengisa; nguvimba wamava othintela i-50,000 ye-alloy enyibilikayo ukuba ijike ibe sisilaphu.
INyaniso yoMachining: Ukunyamezelana yiNgxoxo
Nantsi enye inyani esebenzayo: ukunyamezelana kumzobo kuhlala kululuhlu lweminqweno, hayi iplani yemveliso. Umyili unokubiza i-± 0.02mm ukunyamezela kwisangqa sebholithi kwiphepha lombhobho. Kodwa ukuba loo nxalenye izakuba namava obushushu obungama-150°C kwinkonzo, ngaba baye bajongana ne-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal kuloo nto ithile. intsimbi ibakala? Ngamanye amaxesha, ukubamba unyamezelo oluqinileyo kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kuqinisekisa ingxaki yokungena kwiqondo lokushisa. Umsebenzi uba yingxoxo-echaza oku, ephakamisa ukunyamezela okusebenzayo, okanye ngamanye amaxesha, ukuphakamisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo.
CNC Machining kulapho umphezulu osebenzayo welungu uzalwa khona. Ubuso bokutywina be-gasket, intambo ye-thermowell, i-groove yekhonkco lokutywina. Incoko kumsebenzi ojongene nawo, isifakelo esigugile kancinane esishiya umqolo we-microscopic-ezi ayiyomiba nje yokuthambisa. Ziindlela ezinokuthi zivuze okanye zizigxininisi zoxinzelelo. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yokutshintshiselana kobushushu apho i-O-ring groove yayinokugqiba okuhle, kodwa iradiyasi esezantsi yayisenziwa ngoomatshini nje iinwele ezibukhali kakhulu ngokwendlela yesixhobo. Yadlula i-QC kwi-CMM. Yasilela kuvavanyo loxinzelelo ngalo lonke ixesha, iqhekeka kanye kuloo radius. Ulungiso lwalungelotshintsho lwenkqubo; yayitshintshela kwisixhobo esizinikeleyo sokusika i-groove esineradiyasi eqinisekisiweyo, singathembeli kwindlela yokusila yempumlo yebhola.
Kulapho iivenkile ezidibeneyo zinenzuzo. Thatha inkampani efana QSY. Ukuba baphatha zombini i iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa kunye ne CNC Machining endlwini, iluphu yengxelo imfutshane. I-machinist ifumana indawo enzima okanye i-porosity engaphantsi komhlaba kwi-casting. Endaweni yokuchitha nje inxalenye, olo lwazi lubuyela ngqo kwiqela le-Foundry elisecaleni. Bangakwazi ukulungelelanisa ukushisa okuthululwayo okanye ukugubungela i-mold ye-batch elandelayo. Le ndawo idityanisiweyo yeenkqubo ibalulekile kumacandelo antsonkothileyo, anexabiso eliphezulu. Awuthengi nje inkonzo yomatshini okanye ukuphosa; uthenga isixokelelwano sokulungisa nokucokisa.
Isixhobo asiloPhepha nje eliKhethekileyo
I-ASTM A351 CF8M ikuxelela ukuba yi-cast stainless efana ne-316. Ayikuxeleli malunga nomxholo we-ferrite, ochaphazela zombini ukuxhathisa umhlwa kunye nobuqili. Kuba inxalenye yomtshintshi wobushushu ihlanjwe kwiikloridi, elo nani le-ferrite libalulekile. Sake saba nengxaki yokukhukuliseka kwe-cavitation kwicala lamanzi le-volute yepompo engenastainless eyayiyinxalenye yelophu yokupholisa. Iicerts eziphathekayo zazigqibelele. Uhlalutyo lwe-Metallurgical lubonise ukuba i-ferrite yayikwisiphelo esisezantsi kakhulu soluhlu olwamkelekileyo, iyenza ibe thambileyo kancinane kwaye ibe sesichengeni ngakumbi kumaqamza. I-Foundry ayenzanga nto ingalunganga ngokwe-spec, kodwa inxalenye yasilela kumsebenzi wayo othile. Isisombululo yayikukuqinisa i-spec yethu yangaphakathi kunye nokusebenza kunye ne-Foundry ukulawula i-chemistry ngokuchanekileyo kweso sicelo.
Oku kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi kunye ne ialloys esekwe cobalt njenge-Stellite yokunxiba-ukujongana nezihlalo zevalvu kwizitshintshi zobushushu bomphunga. Ihlala isetyenziswa njenge-weld overlay. Ubuchule abukho nje kwi-welding; kukumachining alandelayo alo mhlaba unzima ngendlela emangalisayo, onganyangekiyo kwi-abrasion ngaphandle kokwenza iintanda ezincinci okanye i-delamination. Udinga amabakala afanelekileyo e-carbide, isantya esifanelekileyo kunye nokutya, kunye nomonde omkhulu. Bubugcisa obufana nenzululwazi. Inkcazo esuka indawo ye-QSY ukukhankanya umsebenzi wabo ngezi ntlukwano ezibonisa kobu buchule. Oku kuthetha ukuba bajonge imiceli mngeni yokwenza ezi mathiriyeli zinzima emva kokuphosa okanye ukuwelda, olona xabiso lubalulekileyo lokongeza ngaphaya kokufumana nje ialloy.
Kwaye makhe sithethe ngentsimbi endala yekhabhoni. Kwizicelo ezininzi ezingonakalisi, lihashe lomsebenzi. Kodwa indawo yokutshintsha ubushushu ayisiyonto yolwakhiwo. I-thermal conductivity ibalulekile. Ngamanye amaxesha, umxholo wekhabhoni ophezulu kancinci unokuba luncedo kumandla, kodwa unokwenza ukuba indawo ithande ukucinezeleka kokuqhekeka kwe-corrosion kwindawo ezithile. Uhlala ulungelelanisa iipropati. Ukhetho aluyiyo intsimbi nje; kukuba yeyiphi intsimbi, ekunyibilika kuyo, iphathwa ngayo emva kokugalelwa. Unyango lobushushu emva kokuphoswa-oluqhelekileyo, ukuthambisa, ukuthambisa-kubaluleke kakhulu njengalo naliphi na inyathelo lomatshini lokuseta iipropathi zezinto zokugqibela.
UMtyholi kwiiNkcukacha: iiGaskets, Imisonto, kunye nokuGqiba
Icandelo elikhulu lokusilela kwenxalenye alinanto yakwenza nomzimba ophambili. Ikwiimpawu ezincedisayo. Umsonto weplagi yokudonsa ukhutshiwe. Umphezulu ogqityiweyo kwiflange wawungahambelani ne-spiral-wound gasket, ekhokelela ekuvuzeni. Ukugrunjwa kwepokotho yesivamvo seqondo lobushushu akuzange kugxothwe ngaphakathi, kudala uthintelo lokuhamba kunye nendawo eshushu. Ezi ziinkcukacha ezahlula inxalenye esebenzayo ukusuka ethembekileyo.
Thatha i-flange ijonge. Umgangatho we-125 Ra microinch ukugqiba unokubizwa ngaphandle. Kodwa ukuba i-gasket luhlobo lwegraphite ethambileyo, oko kunokuba rhabaxa kakhulu. Ukuba yintsimbi enejacket gasket, inokwamkeleka. I-machinist kufuneka ikwazi ukusetyenziswa kokugqibela ukukhetha ukufakela okufanelekileyo kunye nesantya sokutya ukufezekisa kungekuphela nje inani, kodwa umgangatho osebenzayo. Ndibone iiflange ezilinganiswe ngokugqibeleleyo zithe tyaba kodwa zavuza ngenxa yokuba isixhobo sishiye ipateni encinci ye-spiral apho i-gasket ingenako ukutywina. Ukulungiswa kwaba yipasi yokugqibela, elula kakhulu kunye nofakelo oluthile lwe-wiper ukudala ipateni efanayo yokuwela i-cross-hatch.
Kwaye imisonto. Iingxaki ezininzi. Kwiinkqubo ezixinzelelekileyo, iintambo ezichanekileyo ezine-O-ring zihlala zikhuselekile kunemibhobho ye-tapered, exhomekeke kwi-metal-to-metal wedging kunye ne-thread sealant. Kodwa ukuba kufuneka usebenzise i-NPT, ubunzulu kunye netaper yomngxuma ocofayo ibalulekile. Ngaphantsi kokuyicofa, kwaye ubeka umngcipheko wokuqhekeka inxalenye xa isitshisi siqinisiwe ukufezekisa itywina. Yicofe ngaphezulu, kwaye awunelanga uthethathethwano. Isiqhelo esilungileyo kukubonelela ngezi ndawo zibalulekileyo nezifakelo esele zifakelwe kwaye zifakwe kwitorque ukuya kwi-spec, okanye ubuncinci, ukubonelela ngegeyiji yokuhamba/yokungahambeli kumxhasi. Iphelisa ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwintsimi.
Ukujonga Iphelele, Kungekhona Nje Inxalenye
Ekugqibeleni, a inxalenye yomtshintshi wobushushu ayikho yodwa. Ukusebenza kwayo kubotshelelwe kwiindawo ezidibana nazo. Xa sithatha iprojekthi, ngokukodwa ukutshintshwa okanye inxalenye ye-retrofit, sizama ukufumana izandla zethu kwi-mating component ukuba kunokwenzeka. Ukulinganisa ibhore yokwenyani yeqokobhe lotshintshiselwano, ukucaba kweflange echasayo. Kuba ngamanye amaxesha, kufuneka utshise indawo yakho ukuze ilingane ubunyani benkqubo, hayi eyona ilungileyo kumzobo omdala, ophelelweyo.
Olu luvo lubanzi luyinto echaza ingcali. Akukho malunga nokuqhuba umatshini we-CNC. Kumalunga nokuqonda ukwandiswa kwe-thermal, amandla olwelo, iindlela zomhlwa, kunye nobuchwephesha bendibano. Kumalunga nokwazi ukuba intle, i-dimensionally egqibeleleyo yokuphosa ingonakaliswa yipasile enye enobunkunkqele eyenza uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, oluthi ke luzibonakalise njengokugqwetheka ngexesha lomjikelo wokuqala wobushushu. Injongo kukuhambisa inxalenye enyamalalayo kwinkqubo-isebenza nje, ijikeleze emva komjikelo, ngaphandle kwedrama.
Leyo yimveliso yokwenyani. Hayi isiqwenga sesinyithi, kodwa ukuthembeka. Iivenkile eziye zadlula kwimijikelo, njenge QSY kunye neminyaka yabo ukuphosa kunye nomatshini, bafake oku ngaphakathi. Baye bazibona iintsilelo, benza izilungiso, kwaye bakhe ithala leencwadi elingaphathekiyo lokungamele ukwenze. Xa ukhangela icandelo elibalulekileyo, loo mbali, isilumkiso esimiliselweyo kunye nemeko yengqondo yokusombulula ingxaki, ihlala ixabisekile kunelona xabiso liphantsi ngesiqwenga ngasinye. Ngenxa yokuba iindleko zokungaphumeleli kwintsimi-ixesha lokuphumla, imveliso elahlekileyo, imiba yokhuseleko-ixabisa inxalenye yokuqala yeendleko ngexesha elinye.
