Masinyaniseke, xa abantu abaninzi besiva umboniso ochanekileyo, bafanekisela indawo engenasiphako, emenyezelayo ephuma kumngundo, elungele ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa. Lilo elo iphupha lokuthengisa. Inyani, ukugaya imihla ngemihla, luthethathethwano oluqhubekayo phakathi kwejometri efanelekileyo kwimodeli yeCAD kunye nefiziksi enenkani yesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo. Akukhona nje ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo; imalunga nokuqikelelwa, ukuphinda-phinda ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo kuyo yonke ibhetshi ye-50 okanye i-5000, ngakumbi xa ujongana nemijelo yangaphakathi entsonkothileyo okanye amacandelo anodonga olucekethekileyo anokwenza i-machinist ibile. Uninzi lwabathengi beza becinga ukuba luguqulelo olungcono lokuphosa isanti, kodwa umsantsa kulawulo lwenkqubo, ukuziphatha kwezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokulungiswa kwangemva kufana nomsantsa.
Undoqo wokuchaneka: YiNkqubo, hayi iNyathelo
Ukuphosa okuchanekileyo okuphezulu, ubuncinci kwimbono yam, kuqala kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba iziko litshiswe. Iingcambu kukhetho lwenkqubo yokuqala. Kuthi, oko kuhlala kuthetha ukuphosa utyalo-mali okanye ukubunjwa kweqokobhe. Ukhetho alunamkhethe. Ukuba inxalenye ineengile ezinzulu, zangaphakathi zokuphinda zingene okanye zifuna umphezulu we-as-cast ongcono kune-Ra 6.3, ukuphosa utyalo-mali ngokuqhelekileyo kukuphela kwendlela esebenzayo. Kodwa ndibone iiprojekthi zisilela kuba esi sigqibo senziwe kwiphepha lokunyamezelana ngaphandle kokuqwalasela i-alloy. I-alloy ye-nickel ephezulu, ngokomzekelo, iziphatha ngokuhlukileyo ngexesha lokuqina kwigobolondo ye-ceramic xa kuthelekiswa ne-carbon steel-iimfuno zokutya, umngcipheko wokukrazula okutshisayo, zikwelinye inqanaba.
Kulapho iminyaka engama-30-engaqhelekanga yokusebenza kwenkampani efana neQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY) ibaluleke ngokwenene. Asiyobheji kwiwebhusayithi; yilayibrari eqokelelweyo, phantse enembile apho i-alloys idlala kakuhle ngeziphi iinkqubo. Unokufunda malunga nesantya sokuncipha kwe-17-4PH yensimbi engenasici, kodwa ukwazi indlela yokulungelelanisa inkqubo yokungena ukuze ikwazi ukuhlalisa oko kuncipha kwizindlu ze-turbine blade, ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi ofanayo kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, kukuchaneka kwangempela. Ugxininiso lwabo kwii-alloys ezikhethekileyo, njenge-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based based, ayiloluhlu nje lwezinto eziphathekayo; Oku kuthetha ukuba bakhe balwa kwaye basombulula imiba egqwethekileyo ekhoyo kwezo mathiriyeli zisebenza kakhulu.
Icala lomatshini, ukudityaniswa kwe-CNC abayikhankanyayo, akunakuxoxiswana. Nabani na obanga ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokwenyani ngaphandle komatshini wangaphakathi endlwini ukhupha esona sigaba sibaluleke kakhulu. Ngoba? Kuba iimpawu zakho zedatha kufuneka zenziwe ngoomatshini kuseto olunye olunxulumene nejometri ephosiweyo. Ukuba uphosa i-flange nge-± 0.2mm yokunyamezela kwisangqa sebholithi, kwaye emva koko uyithumele kwivenkile yoomatshini bomntu wesithathu ophinda uyibambe, ulahlekelwe ngumnombo wokuchaneka. Ukukwazi ukuhamba ukusuka kwiqokobhe lokungunda okanye utyalo-mali oluphosa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-CNC yokusila kwindawo elawulwayo yiyo etywina ingqibelelo ye-dimensional.
Apho iThiyori idibana khona (Ngamanye amaxesha iMessy) iyinyani
Ityala elihlala lihleli kum libandakanya ukuphindaphindwa kwesixhobo sovavanyo lwehydraulic. Iimpawu zabiza iipaseji zangaphakathi ezidibeneyo kunye nobubanzi be-12mm, ukunyamezela kwi-± 0.1mm, kwi-316 engenasici. Ephepheni, inokwenzeka ngotyalo-mali oluchanekileyo oluphezulu. Imodeli yeCAD yayigqibelele. Iiprototypes zokuqala zaphuma zikhangeleka kakuhle, kodwa ngexesha lovavanyo loxinzelelo, siye savuza. Hayi intlekele, kodwa i-seep. Umoni? Ayingowona mbhobho wedayamitha ongundoqo, kodwa unxaxhi olufihlakeleyo, oluphantse lungenzeki-ukulinganisa ngokuthe tye kwaloo mjelo wangaphakathi we-150mm ubude, obangelwa kukutshintshwa komzuzu kombindi we-ceramic ngexesha lokugalelwa. Ukuchaneka kwakukho kwimilinganiselo engatshintshiyo, kodwa kungekhona ekulungelelaniseni.
Siyisombulule, kodwa hayi ngokuphucula ngokumangalisayo ukunyamezela ukuphosa. Oko kwakusele kumda walo. Ulungiso yayiluyilo ngokutsha olubambiseneyo kunye nomxhasi: sandise kancinane ubungakanani bombhobho saza sachaza umsebenzi wokuhombisa emva kokuphoswa kweendawo ezibalulekileyo zokutywina. Ukusasa kusenze safumana i-95% apho ngonciphiso olukhulu lokuntsokotha (akukho mfuneko yokugrumba kunye nokuplaga iindlela zokuhlangana ezininzi), kunye nomatshini ochanekileyo uwugqibile umsebenzi. Le yi-symbiosis ebonakalayo. Indifundise ukuba ukuphoswa ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu kuhlala kumalunga nokwazi ukuba iphi imida yendalo yenkqubo kunye nokuyila imisebenzi yesibini ukuyixhasa, hayi ukulwa nayo.
Enye intloko esebenzayo yimfuneko yezithambiso. Uninzi lwee-specs ziya kufuna inkangeleko engenasiphako njenge-cast kwizinto ezibonakalayo eziphezulu. Kodwa kuthetha ukuthini ukungabi nasiphako? Ngaba utyalo-mali oluncinci lwenziwe ngendlela eyamkelekileyo? Ngaba umgca ophelileyo owahlulayo osuka kubumba lweqokobhe usisiphene? Sifunde ukwenza iibhodi zesampula ezibonakalayo kunye namanqanaba ahlukeneyo eempawu ezisemgangathweni ezamkelekileyo-ikhontrakthi ebonakalayo kunye nomxhasi. Iyanqanda ezo mpikiswano zibuhlungu zasemva kokuhanjiswa apho inxalenye isebenze ngokugqibeleleyo kodwa yaliwe kumnxeba wobuhle obuzimeleyo. Ezi zinto azikho kwiincwadi zezifundo.
Isixhobo yi-Wild Card
Ukusebenza ngee-alloys ezikhethekileyo kuluhlu lwe-QSY, njenge-nickel-based based, ngokwenene iyahlula i-casual kwizinto ezizinikeleyo. Ezi zixhobo zinomanzi oyikekayo xa kuthelekiswa neentsimbi eziqhelekileyo. Ucinga ukuba uyile inkqubo yokungena egqibeleleyo yecandelo elicekethekileyo, kodwa intsimbi ifuna nje ukuba ngumkhenkce ngokukhawuleza, okukhokelela ekuvalweni okubandayo okanye ukuqhuba kakubi. Ukuchaneka akuphumeleli kwimpazamo ye-dimensional, kodwa ukusuka kwindawo engaphelelanga. I-workaround ihlala ibandakanya ukufudumeza kwentsimbi ngaphezulu kunesiqhelo kunye nokusebenzisa i-preheats eshushu yokungunda, ethi ingenise iingxaki zayo ngokukhula okuziinkozo kunye nokusabela okunokwenzeka komphezulu kunye neqokobhe leceramic. Sisenzo sokulungelelanisa apho igalelo lemetallurgist libaluleke kakhulu njengenjineli ye-Foundry.
Umgibe wokulinganisa
Awunakubanga ukuchaneka ngaphandle kokuyiqinisekisa, kwaye ngumngxuma wayo womvundla lowo. Umgibe oqhelekileyo kukulinganisa ngokugqithisileyo. Ukubeka i-CMM probe kuwo wonke umphezulu we-complex casting kuyabiza kwaye kuthatha ixesha. Into ephambili kukuchonga iimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu (CTF)-ngokuqhelekileyo iindawo zokukhwelana, iindawo zokubhoboza, kunye nobukhulu obuthile bodonga-kwaye ugxininise kwiprotocol yokulinganisa apho. Kwezinye, iindawo zobuhle ezingabalulekanga, i-gauge elula yokuhamba/yokungahambi okanye nokujonga okubonakalayo kwanele. Ndichithe iintsuku ndivelisa iingxelo zokuhlola ezipheleleyo ekungekho mntu uzisebenzisileyo, xa iphepha elinye elibonisa idatha ye-CTF bekuya kuba luncedo kakhulu. Ukuchaneka kufuneka kusebenze ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kusebenze urhwebo.
Oku kuhambelana nokuba nomatshini odibeneyo. Rhoqo, ukupasa kokuqala komatshini kumphezulu wedatum lolona hlolo luvezayo. Uthatha i-0.2mm yokusika ubuso obunyukayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza ubone ukuba i-porosity okanye i-shrinkage ingaphakathi kwesibonelelo esiqikelelweyo. Yingxelo yexesha lokwenyani ukuba i-standalone Foundry ayifumani de kwiiveki kamva, xa inxalenye ekhatywayo ibuya kwivenkile yomthengi.
Ke, Yeyiphi eyona NONE
Emva kwayo yonke le nto, uthenga ntoni ngenkqubo yokuphosa echanekileyo? Awuthengi nje indawo enamanani abambeneyo. Uthenga ixabiso elithotyiweyo lilonke kwiijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo. Uthenga imfezeko yezinto eziphathekayo kwisiqwenga esinye ebenokuthi ngenye indlela sidityaniswe okanye sidityaniswe kwiibhloko zoomatshini abaninzi. Uthenga ukonga ixesha elikhokelayo ngokususa i-80% yesitokhwe somatshini. Kwaye uthenga isigwebo esiqokelelweyo somthengisi-amandla abo okujonga umzobo kwaye uthi, Le radius ibukhali kakhulu kwi-alloy oyichazile, iya kudala ukunyuka koxinzelelo; masiyilungelelanise ku-X, okanye Singayibamba loo nyamezelo, kodwa iyakuphinda kabini iindleko; ingaba lo mphezulu udibana nelinye icandelo?
Ukujonga umda womnikezeli, njengaleyo ichazwe kuyo Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology's indawo (https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), ukudityaniswa kweendlela ezithile zokuphosa, ubuchule bezinto eziphathekayo, kunye ne-in-house CNC machining bubungqina obubambekayo beso khono. Ibonisa ukuseta okwenzelwe ukulawula lonke ikhonkco lexabiso lokudala icandelo elichanekileyo, hayi nje ikhonkco elinye kwikhonkco eliqhekezayo kunye nempazamo. Olona vavanyo lokwenyani, rhoqo, lukwisigaba somboniso. Kulapho ithiyori, amabango ewebhusayithi, kunye namashumi eminyaka yamava adibana kunye kwindawo esebenzayo okanye ahlukane. Akukho kufihlwa kwingxelo yokuhlola inqaku lokuqala.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuphoswa okuchanekileyo kukukhula, itekhnoloji eluncedo kakhulu, kodwa ayingomlingo. Bubuchule obuxhaswe yinzululwazi kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ezininzi. Ezona ziphumo zingcono zivela ekuyiphatheni njengoyilo lwentsebenziswano kunye nentsebenziswano yokwenziwa kwemveliso ukusuka kumzobo wokuqala, hayi njengomsebenzi wokuthenga webhokisi emnyama. Ukuchaneka kuninzi kunxibelelwano kunye nokucwangciswa njengoko kunjalo kwintsimbi ngokwayo.
