Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'intsimbi yokuphosa', baba nomfanekiso weleyidi yentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo kunye nokungunda kwesanti - inkqubo emdaka, enonya. Akunjalo, kodwa yindawo yokuqala ephosa i-nuance. Olona celomngeni lokwenene asikokufumana intsimbi ukuze ihambe; ilawula okwenzekayo njengoko iqina, iphola, kwaye isenziwa ngoomatshini. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi kakhulu zikhubeka ngokuphatha intsimbi etyhidiweyo njengexabiso eliphantsi, eliguquguqukayo. Ibakala libaluleka, uhlobo lokungunda lubaluleke ngakumbi, kwaye umsebenzi wasemva kokuphosa umisela yonke into.
UMbundo nguMyalezo
Awukhethi nje ukubumba ukumila; uyikhethela ulusu. Kwizinto ezintsonkothileyo, ezinokunyamezelana okuphezulu ukuphosa intsimbi, phantse sihlala singqiyame kubumba lweqokobhe okanye utyalo mali. Ukugalelwa kwesanti kunendawo yayo kumalungu amakhulu, arhabaxa, kodwa umphezulu ogqityiweyo kunye nokuhambelana kwedimensional ukusuka kwiqokobhe eliqatywe intlaka zikwelinye inqanaba. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yezindlu zempompo apho umxhasi wagxininisa kwisanti eluhlaza ngeendleko. Iisanti zaphuma nomphezulu ongathi ngephepha lesanti elirhabaxa, kwaye ixesha lokuzicoca licime naluphi na ugcino lokuqala. Umngundo uyalela i-50% yokuqala yexabiso lenxalenye yakho yokugqibela.
Kulapho amava evenkile abonisa khona. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye namashumi amathathu eminyaka kuqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, ineepateni kunye neeparamitha zenkqubo ezidayiweyo. Bayazi, umzekelo, ukuba ulwandiso lwe-thermal lwemathiriyeli yeqokobhe labo ludibana njani nokucutheka kwamabakala ahlukeneyo entsimbi. Ayilolwazi lweencwadi; luhlobo lwento oyifundayo emva kokubona iwaka lokungunda liqhekeka okanye livelisa ukudanyaza kwindawo enye.
Uyilo lwenkqubo yokungena - iziteshi ezondla isinyithi kwi-mold cavity - bobunye ubugcisa obumnyama. Phalaza ngokukhawuleza ngamasango angalunganga, kwaye ufumana isiphithiphithi, ukuvalelwa komoya, kunye nokufakwa kwe-slag. Ndakhe ndasebenza kwikhaseji yegiya entsonkothileyo apho sasinokuncipha kwe-porosity eqhubekayo kwindawo eshinyeneyo. Sizame yonke into: ukulungelelanisa ukushisa okuthululwayo, usebenzisa i-chills. Ukulungiswa? Ukuyila ngokutsha isango lokungena ukuze wenze ipateni yokuqinisa ngakumbi. Yayilutshintsho oluchuliweyo kubungakanani bembaleki kunye nokubekwa, into engazange ibonwe ngumntu omtsha.
Isixhobo singaphezulu kunePhepha eliKhethekileyo
Ukuchaza intsimbi etyhidiweyo kufana nokungena kwindawo yokutyela ucele ukutya. I-iron engwevu (i-Iron eGrey), i-ayini ye-ductile (i-Nodular Iron), i-graphite edityanisiweyo… nganye iziphatha njengemathiriyeli eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. I-iron engwevu ilungile kwi-vibration emanzi kodwa i-brittle; i-iron ductile inamandla kunye nokuqina okuthile. Izinto ezixutywayo kunye nenkqubo ye-inoculation ngexesha lokuthulula zenza okanye ziphule.
Sasineprojekthi yesibiyeli soxinzelelo oluphezulu. Lo mzobo ubufuna i-ayini egreyi yeBanga lama-250. Kwavela into ethile. Emva kokuthetha ngeemeko zomthwalo kunye neengozi zempembelelo kunye nenjineli, satyhala ukuba sitshintshele kwintsimbi ye-ferritic ductile. Ixabiso lempahla ekrwada laliphezulu, kodwa inxalenye yayikhaphukhaphu, yomelele, kwaye yasinda ekuvavanyeni ukudinwa inguqulelo yentsimbi engwevu yayiza kusilela. Umxhasi wayejonge kwixabiso le-kg; besijonge ukusebenza kwenxalenye yenkonzo.
Yingakho ukusebenzisana kunye ne-Foundry ephethe i-alloys ekhethekileyo ngumnatha wokhuseleko. Ukwazi ukuba umthengisi onjenge-QSY usebenza nayo yonke into esuka kwiintsimbi eziqhelekileyo kunye neentsimbi ukuya kwii-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-nickel kuthetha ukuba bayayiqonda i-metallurgy kwinqanaba lokunyibilika. Abaphalazi nje; bahlalutya ukwakhiwa kwentlawulo, ukulawula ukushisa okukhulu kwenyibilika, kunye nokulawula ijika lokupholisa. Kwinxalenye eqhelekileyo, mhlawumbi ayinamsebenzi. Kuyo yonke into ebalulekileyo, yinto yonke.
Ukuxhawula ngesandla ngoMachining
Kulapho uqhawulo lonxibelelwano luhlala lusenzeka: ukuphosa kugqibelele, kodwa akunakulinganiswa. Okanye kunoko, inokwenziwa ngoomatshini, kodwa hayi ngokufanelekileyo okanye ngobomi besixhobo esilungileyo. Ukwahluka kobunzima ukusuka kwesikhumba ukuya kumbindi wokuphosa, ngakumbi ngamazinga athile okupholisa, kunokonakalisa izixhobo ze-CNC. Ukuphosa okubonakala kugqibelele kunokufihla amabala aqinileyo okanye i-microstructure engahambelaniyo ebangela incoko kwaye yonakalise ukugqitywa komphezulu.
Iivenkile ezidibeneyo zinenzuzo enkulu apha. Ukuba iziko elifanayo lisenza i ukuphosa intsimbi ikwaphethe i CNC Machining, banokuyila ukuveliswa kwasekuqaleni. Bayayazi indlela yokuqhelanisa inxalenye ekubumbeni ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubuso obubalulekileyo bunobunzima obungaguqukiyo bomatshini. Banokongeza isibonelelo esincinci sesitokhwe kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo kuba inkqubo yabo iyaphinda. Ndikhe ndaya ezivenkileni apho igqiza labasebenzi bomatshini kunye ne-Foundry lisilwa, betyholana ngenkunkuma. Yindlela ebiza imali eninzi yokusebenza.
Ukujonga ukuseta kwe-QSY, indibaniselwano yokuphosa kunye ne-in-house CNC machining kukuqhubela phambili okunengqiqo. Ivala iluphu. Bangaphosa umzimba wevalvu yentsimbi, umzekelo, ngeeflange ezidityanisiweyo kunye namazibuko oqhagamshelo, emva koko umatshini wobuso botywino kunye nemingxunya yentambo kwindawo enye. Impendulo ngokukhawuleza: ukuba isixhobo sinxibe ngokukhawuleza kwibhetshi ethile, banokuyilandela emva kwilogi yokunyibilika okanye ixesha lokupholisa. Olo lawulo kunzima ukuluphinda-phinda xa uthumela izinto ezirhabaxa kwilizwe lonke kwivenkile yoomatshini eyahlukileyo.
Xa izinto zingahambi kakuhle (Bayenza)
Uhlalutyo lokusilela ngoyena titshala ubalaseleyo. Kwangoko, ndandinoxanduva lokubaleka kwemizimba emincinci esebenza ngentsimbi engwevu. Baluphumelele lonke uhlolo lokuqala kodwa baqala ukuqhekeka ebaleni emva kwemijikelo embalwa yobushushu. Umoni? Uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lokupholisa okungalinganiyo. Besingawuchazanga umjikelo wokunciphisa uxinzelelo emva kokuphosa, sicinga ukuba ijometri ilula ngokwaneleyo. Yayisisifundo esixabisa kakhulu. Ngoku, kuyo nayiphi na indawo enezahlulo ezinqamlezayo okanye inkonzo phantsi komthwalo we-thermal, unyango lobushushu emva kokuphoswa yinto yokuqala endiyiqwalaselayo.
Enye i-classic yi-porosity. Akusoloko sisiphene sokuphosa; ngamanye amaxesha luyilo. Umxhasi wake wasithumelela imodeli yeCAD enemilo entle, ephilayo enamacandelo amaninzi atyebileyo adityaniswa kwiindonga ezibhityileyo. Yayingumgibe we-porosity. Kwafuneka sithethethethane ngotshintsho loyilo-ukongeza iimbambo, ukonaka iindawo ezishinyeneyo - ukwenza ukuba iphoseke. Uyilo olululo lokuphosa kaninzi ayiloyilo loyilo lomatshini. Yinto ehambelanayo, ekhokelwa ukuhamba kunye nokuqiniswa kwentsimbi.
I-Scrap iyenzeka. Uphawu lwesiseko esilungileyo alunaziphene; yindlela abaziphatha ngayo, indlela abajonga ngayo unobangela, kunye nendlela abalungisa ngayo ikhadi lenkqubo ukwenzela ukubaleka okulandelayo. Ndimxabisile umthengisi othumela ingxelo eneefoto zesiphene, icandelo elicandiweyo elibonisa i-porosity, kunye notshintsho olucetywayo kwisango lokungena okanye ubushushu obuthululwayo kunomnye othe cwaka endaweni yaloo ndawo.
Eyona Ndleko Equation
Okokugqibela, eyona mpazamo inkulu: ukuba ukuphosa intsimbi isoloko ilukhetho lwexabiso eliphantsi. Kwi-one-off okanye iibhetshi ezincinci, kubi kakhulu. Iindleko zepateni zizodwa ziwubulale. Kodwa xa ubetha ivolumu - yithi, amakhulu ambalwa amaqhekeza ngonyaka kwaye phezulu - i-economics flip. Ixabiso leyunithi liyehla. Olona londolozo, nangona kunjalo, luvela ekuhlanganiseni. Ukuphosa kukuvumela ukuba udibanise iziqwenga eziyiliweyo ezininzi zibe nye, ushenxise iziqhoboshi, umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa, kunye namanqaku anokusilela.
Sayila ngokutsha isakhelo esakhiweyo esenziwe ngaphaya kweshumi elinesibini lelaser-cut kunye neepleyiti zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo. Intsimbi entsha ye-ductile casting yayiyi-15% elula, i-40% iqinile, kwaye yanciphisa ixesha lendibano ukusuka kwiiyure ukuya kwimizuzu. Ixabiso lezixhobo belibalulekile, kodwa lihlawulwe ngaphezulu komthamo wemveliso, ugcino lwenxalenye nganye lube lukhulu. Ixabiso lalikwintsebenzo kunye nokwenza lula indibano, kungekhona nje izinto eziluhlaza.
Ngumdlalo wokugqibela lowo. Ayikokukhetha ukuphoswa kwentsimbi kuba yeyamasiko okanye itshiphu. Kumalunga nokukhetha ngenxa yokuba yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokwenza ijometri ethile kunye neempawu eziphathekayo ezifunekayo, ngakumbi xa zidibene nokubumba okuchanekileyo kunye nomatshini odibeneyo. Yinkqubo evuza ulwazi olunzulu, olubambekayo kwaye yohlwaya iindlela ezimfutshane. Xa yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo, kunye neqabane elifanelekileyo lomsebenzi, isiphumo yinto evakalelwa kukuba iqinile, isebenza ngokugqibeleleyo, kwaye ngokunyanisekileyo, ibonakala ngathi yayiyiyo.
