Xa abantu abaninzi abathengayo besiva 'i-special alloy bushing', ngoko nangoko batsibela kumabanga ezinto eziphathekayo - Inconel 718, Stellite 6, Hastelloy C-276 - kwaye bacinge ukuba umsebenzi ugqityiwe. Yeyokuqala, neyona mpazamo inkulu. Ingxubevange sisiqalo nje; umtyholi wokwenyani ukwinkqubo yokwenziwa kunye nemeko yenkonzo eyiyo, leyo ushicilelo lusoloko luphosakele. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi kakhulu apho i-cobalt-based bushing eyenziwe kakuhle ingaphumelelanga kwiiveki kuba wonke umntu ugxile 'kokukhethekileyo' kwaye walibala malunga nenxalenye 'ye-bushing' yomsebenzi wayo.
Eyona nto ikhethekileyo kwi-alloy ayiyombumbulu yomlingo
Makhe sithethe malunga ne-cobalt-based alloys, njengeStellite. Ewe, ukunxitywa okumangalisayo kunye nokumelana nomhlwa, kulunge kakhulu kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu obufana noqhakamshelwano lweiturbine okanye iimpompo ezibukhali zodaka. Kodwa ukuyichaza yinto elula. Inkqubo yokuphosa ezi zixhobo isilwanyana esahlukileyo. Abafani nokugalela intsimbi engwevu. Isimilo sokunyibilika, ukusabela kokungunda kweqokobhe, ukushwabana kokuqina - ukuba isiseko sakho asinamava anzulu, uya kufumana ukuqhekeka kancinci, ukufakwa, okanye ubulukhuni obungahambelaniyo kanye ngaphandle kwesango. Ijongeka igqibelele de ihambe phantsi kwe-microscope okanye kwinkonzo.
Ndikhumbula umenzi wevalvu ekhangela ibhetshi ye i-alloy bushings ekhethekileyo kumgca wokusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali ezonakalisayo. Iicerti zemathiriyeli zazigqibelele, zonke ziye kwi-ASTM A494. Kodwa ekusebenzeni, babonisa ukugabha kwangaphambi kwexesha. Uhlalutyo lokungaphumeleli lubonise ukuhanjiswa kwe-carbide. Ukuphosa kuphole ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kudala i-brittle, inethiwekhi ye-carbide engalinganiyo kwimida yeenkozo. I-spec yahlangatyezwa, kodwa i-metallurgy yayingalunganga kwisicelo. Ulungiso yayingeyonto intsha; yayiluqheliselo oluhlaziyiweyo lwesiseko kunye nokupholisa okulawulwayo. Kulapho iqabane lithanda khona Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ume ngaphandle. Ngamashumi amathathu eminyaka kwiqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, kusenokwenzeka ukuba babonile kwaye bayisombulula le ngxaki yesantya sokupholisa kwiintsapho ezahlukeneyo zealloyi. Lulo lolo lwazi lwenkqubo, hayi nje eziko, olubalulekileyo.
Olunye uqwalaselo oluqhelekileyo kukusebenziseka. I-alloys esekwe kwi-nickel idume kakubi ngomsebenzi onzima. Uyila i-tight-tolerance bushing enamacandelo amancinci. Ukuba ulandelelwano lomatshini lwe-CNC lucimile - ibakala lokufaka elingalunganga, isondlo esingalunganga / isantya, isicelo esibi sokupholisa - udala uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo okanye umaleko wolusu olukhuni. Inxalenye idlula ukuhlolwa kokugqibela kodwa ikhubaza okanye iqhekeke phantsi komthwalo wokuqala. Ihlathi alizange lisilele; inkqubo yasemva kokuphoswa yenza.
Uyilo lokuVelisa, hayi nje uMsebenzi
Iinjineli ziyakuthanda ukuyila i-bushing efanelekileyo: iitshaneli zokuthambisa ezintsonkothileyo, iindlela zangaphantsi zokugcina itywina, iindonga ezibhityileyo zokonga ubunzima. Emva koko bayiphosa phezu kodonga ukuya kwimveliso. Ngama-alloys akhethekileyo, le yiresiphi yentlekele kunye neendleko zeenkwenkwezi. Yonke i-nuance yoyilo iphinda-phinda ubunzima.
Umzekelo, loo mingxunya yeoli yangaphakathi egrunjiweyo. Kwi-bushing yensimbi, uyawabhobhoza emva kokuphosa. Ngobuninzi be-nickel okanye i-cobalt alloys, u-post-casting drilling kunzima. Ngokuqhelekileyo kungcono ukuphosa ngokusebenzisa ii-ceramic cores. Kodwa oko kufuna uyilo lokungunda lobuchwephesha ukuqinisekisa ukuba undoqo uxhaswa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye awuguquguquki ngexesha lokugalelwa, kwaye izinto ezingundoqo zinokususwa ngokupheleleyo emva kokuphosa ngaphandle kokushiya intsalela. Ubungcali be-QSY kwi iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa kwaye utyalo mali iba yingxaki apha. Banokucebisa ngeejometri ezinokwenzeka kwasekuqaleni. Ngaba loo mjelo kufuneka ube ngqukuva okanye umbhoxo? I-engile yedrafti encinci inokwenza ukususwa okungundoqo 100% kuthembeke ngaphandle kokuchaphazela umsebenzi. Oku kubuyela emva nangaphandle koko kwahlula iprototype esebenza kwicandelo elilungele imveliso.
Ubunzima bodonga ukufana ngomnye umbulali othuleyo. Isihlahla sinokuba neflange eshinyeneyo kunye nomkhono obhityileyo. Ukupholisa okungafaniyo kubumba kubangela uxinzelelo. Kwi-alloy ekhethekileyo ye-brittle, oku kunokukhokelela kwiinyembezi ezishushu - iintanda ezincinci ezivela ngexesha lokuqina. Awunakuzibona ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwedayi. Isifundo: ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka udibanise imathiriyeli encinci kwicandelo elinye ukuze uqinisekise ukupholisa okufanayo, emva koko uyibuyisele ngomatshini. Ikhangeleka iyinkcitho, kodwa inexabiso eliphantsi kune-30%.
Umba Olityelweyo: Umphezulu Wokukhwelana
Nasi isifundo esiphumelele nzima: i-bushing ayisebenzi yodwa. Ukusebenza kwayo yipropathi yenkqubo. Unokubeka i-Stellite bushing egqibeleleyo kwizindlu zentsimbi ezithambileyo, kwaye phantsi komthwalo, ukukhubazeka kwezindlu ezithambileyo, ukungahambi kakuhle kwe-bushing kunye nokubangela ukulayishwa komda kunye nokusilela ngokukhawuleza. Ukubhanqa kwezinto kuyo yonke into.
Saba necala kwipivot ye-excavator enzima. I i-alloy bushing ekhethekileyo (i-cobalt-based) yacaciswa ukuxhathisa kwe-abrasion. Iphini yayiyintsimbi eyomeleleyo. Imowudi yokungaphumeleli yayiyimpahla yokuncamathelisa kakhulu. Ingxaki? Umahluko wobunzima wawugqithise kakhulu. Imiphezulu emibini i-micro-welded phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu loqhagamshelwano. Isisombululo yayikukuthoba kancinci ubulukhuni be-bushing kwaye uqinisekise umphezulu othile ogqityiweyo kwiphini. Yayichasene ne-intuitive - sijonge phantsi ipropathi ye-bushing material ukwenza inkqubo isebenze. Olu luhlobo lwesigwebo esisebenzayo esivela ekuboneni iindawo ezingaphumeleli entsimini, kungekhona nje kwiphepha ledatha.
Ukuhambelana komhlwa yenye indawo yemigodi. I-nickel alloy bushing enganyangekiyo ku-corrosion inokwenza igalvanic cell enendlu yentsimbi engatyiwayo kwindawo emanzi, etya indlu. Ngamanye amaxesha, kufuneka ukhankanye imikhono yokuzahlula okanye iingubo, kungekhona kwi-bushing, kodwa ukukhusela ummelwane wayo. Imbono yesistim ayixoxiswana.
Xa i-CNC Machining yenza okanye iphula i-Bushing
Ukuphosa kukufumana ukumila okurhabaxa, kodwa okokugqibela CNC Machining ichaza umsebenzi. Ukunyamezela ngumgca omnye kumzobo. Kwi-bushing, ukunyaniseka komphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu. Inkqubo yomatshini akufanele ithobe izinto eziphathekayo eziphuhliswe ngexesha lokuphosa kunye nokushisa unyango.
Thatha ingxubevange ye-nickel eqinisiweyo njenge-Inconel 718. Ifumana amandla ayo kumjikelezo othile wonyango lobushushu. Ubutshixo obundlongondlongo bunokwenza ubushushu obaneleyo bendawo ukuba bugqithise iminyaka yezinto ezikuloo zowuni, kudala indawo ethambileyo. I-bushing inokuba nemilinganiselo egqibeleleyo kodwa isilele phantsi komthwalo ngenxa yobuthathaka bendawo. Umchwephesha onobuchule, okanye ivenkile enokujula okudityanisiweyo kunye noomatshini abafana ne-QSY, iyakwazi ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezibukhali, ezikhethekileyo, ukupholisa koxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nokupasa kokugqiba ukukhanya ukugcina i-substrate.
Emva koko kukho ukugqiba kwamagqabi. Ukugqitywa kwesipili akusoloko kulungile. Ukuze i-bushing igcine ioli, ipateni ethile ye-cross-hatch iyafuneka. Kumsebenzi omnye owomileyo okanye one-lubricant yefilimu eqinileyo, umndilili woburhabaxa obahlukileyo (Ra) ungowona ulungileyo. Ukunxibelelana nale mfuno isebenzayo kwiqela lomatshini kubalulekile. Ukubeka nje iRa 0.4 kumzobo kunokuba kuphosakele.
Iindleko vs. Ubomi: Ubalo lokwenyani
Eyona pushback inkulu i-alloy bushings ekhethekileyo lihlala lixabiso. I-cobalt-alloy bushing enye inokubiza i-50x ye-carbon steel elinganayo. Ukuqulunqa oku njengenxalenye yeendleko yindlela olahlekelwa ngayo kwingxabano. Ubalo lixabiso lilonke lobunini: inxalenye yeendleko + umsebenzi wofakelo + ixesha lokuphumla koomatshini ukuze kutshintshe + ilahleko yemveliso ngexesha lokuphumla.
Ndasebenza kwi-caster roll eqhubekayo kwilitye lentsimbi. I-bushings yokuqala yahlala malunga neeveki ezi-6 kwindawo yokushisa okuphezulu, i-scale-laden. Ixesha lokuphumla lokuthatha indawo yabo yayiyi-12 iiyure, ixabisa amanani amathandathu kwimveliso elahlekileyo. Satshintshela kwi-centrifugally cast nickel-chromium-boron alloy bushing. Ixabiso leyunithi belimangalisa. Kodwa zahlala ngaphezu kweenyanga ezili-18. I-ROI yabalwa ngeeveki, kungekhona iminyaka. Undoqo yayikukubonisa ubomi, obufuna ibhetshi yomqhubi wenqwelomoya encinane kunye nokubekw' esweni okungqongqo kwi-situ. Akukho mntu uzithengayo ngesithembiso sencwadana.
Apha kulapho ukusebenzisana nomvelisi odibeneyo othe nkqo uhlawula khona. Inkampani ephethe ukuphosa, unyango lobushushu, kunye nomatshini wangaphakathi, njengemisebenzi echazwe kuyo Indawo ye-QSY, inokubonelela ngokuqikelelwa okuthembekileyo kokusebenza kunye nobomi ngenxa yokuba balawula yonke ikhonkco eliguquguqukayo. Bayibonile into eyenzekayo xa amalungu abo etyhalelwa kwimida ebaleni, eyazisa ulawulo lwenkqubo engcono evenkileni.
Ukuqukumbela Ngaphandle Kwesiphelo
Akukho siphelo esihle apha. Ukucacisa kunye nokuveliswa kwe-alloy bushing ekhethekileyo ethembekileyo ngumsebenzi wokulawula ukurhweba kunye nezinto ezifihliweyo. Imalunga nokukhetha usapho olululo lwealloyi, emva koko ulungelelanise inkqubo yokugalela kunye neyomatshini kwi-quirks yealloyi ethile kweso sicelo sithile. Kumalunga nokuyila inkqubo ejikeleze i-bushing, hayi nje i-bushing yodwa. Kwaye imalunga nokufumana umenzi oqondayo indlela yokuziphatha kwezinto ukusuka ekunyibilikeni ukuya ekusikweni kokugqibela, onokuba liqabane lokubonisana, hayi nje ukuthatha iodolo. Isiqinisekiso sezinto eziphathekayo sisiqalo sencoko, kungekhona isiphelo sayo. I-spec yangempela ibhaliwe ekusebenzeni kumgangatho wefektri, ixesha elide emva kokuba umyalelo wokuthenga uvaliwe.
