Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'umatshini weCNC ochanekileyo', bacinga kwangoko ngonyamezelo oluqinileyo, mhlawumbi ±0.001 okanye ngaphezulu. Leyo yinxalenye yayo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa yindawo yokuqala, hayi umgca wokugqibela. Owona mceli mngeni ayikokubetha nje inani kumzobo kube kanye; iyayibetha ngokuqhubekayo, kwicandelo lenombolo 1 kunye nengxenye yenombolo 10,001, kuzo zonke iijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo kunye nemathiriyeli engaxoleliyo. Iivenkile ezininzi zibanga ukuba ziyayenza, kodwa umsantsa phakathi kokubanga kunye nokuhanjiswa kulapho owona msebenzi wokwenyani-kunye neempazamo ezinexabiso elikhulu-wenzeka khona.
ISiseko: Akunjalo malunga noMtshini
Nabani na unokuthenga i-high-end 5-axis mill. Umatshini uyimfuneko, kodwa yinkqubo yendalo eyingqongileyo emisela ukuchaneka kokwenyani. Ndithetha ngolawulo lokusingqongileyo. Oku sakufunda kabuhlungu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Wayenomsebenzi wokwenza uthotho lwezindlu zesivamvo se-aluminiyam, ebambe indawo eyiyo eyi-0.005mm. Amalungu ayegqibelele kusasa, kodwa emva kwemini, ayesele ephumile. Kusithathe iveki ukuyilanda emva kwiqondo lobushushu levenkile linyuka nge-4°C ukusuka ekupholiseni kusasa. Ukwandiswa kwe-thermal kwisakhiwo somatshini, inxalenye, kunye nesixhobo sakwanele ukulahla yonke into. Kulapho satyala imali kulawulo olupheleleyo lwemozulu kumgangatho womatshini. Yinkcitho enkulu, engathandekiyo engabonakali kwiincwadana zoomatshini, kodwa ayixoxiswana.
Emva koko kukho ulawulo lwesixhobo. Kwinkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), abasoloko besebenza ngoomatshini bezinto ezomeleleyo ezifana ne-cobalt-based alloys, ukunxitywa kwesixhobo ayisosiganeko esisemgceni; lutshintsho omele ululindele kwaye ubuyekeze kwinkqubo yakho. Awunako ukuqhuba isixhobo ukusilela xa uleqa iimicrons. Siphumeza inkqubo yokuhlola ubomi besixhobo esiqeqeshekileyo, kodwa naloo nto ifuna umaleko womntu. Isandi sokusikwa, inkangeleko ye-swarf-ama-machinist anamava aphuhlisa ingqiqo kuyo. Le yindibaniselwano yenkqubo engqongqo kunye ne-intuition esele ingenile ekufikisa apho.
Kwaye ukulungiswa. Apha kulapho imisebenzi emininzi ihamba ecaleni. Unokuba neyona spindle ichanekileyo emhlabeni, kodwa ukuba inxalenye ihambisa i-micron ngexesha lokudlula okukhulu, konke oko kulilize. Kwizinto ezinodonga olucekeceke oluqhelekileyo kwi-castings yotyalo-mali esiluphetheyo, ukuyila ukulungiswa okubonelela ngenkxaso eqinile ngaphandle kokubangela uxinzelelo okanye ukuphazamiseka luhlobo lobugcisa ngokwalo. Ngamanye amaxesha, uyilo lokulungisa kunye nesigaba seprototyping kuthatha ixesha elide kunenkqubo yeCAM.
Izinto eziphathekayo: Ikhadi lasendle kwi-Precision
Iphepha elikhethekileyo le ukuchaneka okuphezulu CNC machining ngokufuthi iyayifihla ihambo yezinto eziphathekayo. Ukusebenza noluhlu lwe-QSY-ukusuka kwiintsimbi ezahlukeneyo kunye neentsimbi ukuya kwi-alloys esekelwe kwi-nickel-ithetha ukuba awuyi kusika isinyithi nje; uyathethathethana nayo. Yonke impahla inobuntu bayo phantsi komsiki.
Thatha i-17-4 PH engenasici, into eqhelekileyo ngokwaneleyo. Kwimeko yayo enyangwe ngesisombululo, iyintsini kwaye iyakuthanda ukusebenza nzima. Ukuba ukutya kwakho kunye nezantya zicinywe ngumda omncinci, awunxibanga nje isixhobo; wenza umphezulu oqinileyo apho ipasi elandelayo iya kusokola, yazisa ukungcangcazela kunye nokubulala ukuchaneka. Kuya kufuneka ungene phantsi kwaloo maleko wenziwe lukhuni ngamandla, oziva ngathi awunakuchasana xa uzama ukuchaneka. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukwenza intsimbi erhabaxa yentsimbi yobuninzi behydraulic kufuna indlela eyahlukileyo yokuthintela ukutshiphuzwa kwemicro emiphethweni, enokonakalisa umphezulu wokutywina.
Uvavanyo lwangempela luza kunye ne-alloys ekhethekileyo. Senze ibhetshi yezixhobo ze-Inconel 718 zomsinga womoya kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo olusuka kwinkqubo yotyalo-mali lwalubalulekile. Ungathatha isiqwenga esihle sokuqala, inxalenye iya kujongeka ifanelekile kwi-CMM, emva koko uya kuyijika, umatshini kwelinye icala, kwaye ubukele ngokothuka njengoko ijija. Ukuchaneka kwalahleka kungekhona ngexesha lokusika, kodwa emva koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwangaphakathi luhanjiswe kwakhona. Isisombululo sasibandakanya inkqubo yamanqanaba amaninzi: umjikelo wokunciphisa uxinzelelo emva kokugrumba, emva koko ukugqiba, okunye ukuzinzisa, kwaye ekugqibeleni umatshini wokugqiba. Yongeza ixesha kunye neendleko, kodwa yayikuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa uzinzo olufunekayo. Oku akukho kuyo nayiphi na incwadi yesandla yobumatshini; ifundwa ngokuphindaphinda, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, ukusilela.
Itsheyina leNkqubo: Ukusuka kwiCasting ukuya kwiNdawo egqityiweyo
Indlela yethu edibeneyo kwi-QSY, egubungela zombini i-shell mold / utyalo-mali kunye nomatshini we-CNC wangaphakathi, inika indawo ekhethekileyo. Ukuchaneka kokwenyani kuhlala kuqala kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba indawo ilayishwe kumatshini we-CNC. Ukuphosa okuyilwe kakubi kunye nobukhulu bodonga olungahambelaniyo okanye ukushwabana kwangaphakathi kuya kulwa nawe onke amanyathelo endlela ngexesha lomatshini, nokuba ulunge kangakanani umdwelisi wakho wenkqubo.
Sifumene ukuba ukusebenzisana neenjineli ze-Foundry ukusuka kwinqanaba le-CAD kubalulekile. Imalunga noyilo lokwenziwa kokwenziwa kuzo zombini iimbono. Ngokomzekelo, sinokucebisa ukongeza icwecwe elincinane lombingelelo kwi-casting-indawo yendawo eya kuthi yenziwe ngomatshini kumdlalo wokugqibela-ukuqinisekisa ukuba sinedatum ecocekileyo, engaguqukiyo yazo zonke iiseti zethu zomatshini. Olu hlobo lokucwangciswa kwenkqubo enqamlezayo luphelisa umthombo omkhulu wokuguquguquka.
Olunye unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo kukuhlolwa kwenqaku lokuqala. Xa ibhetshi yokuphosa isiza kwisebe lomatshini, asicingi nje ukuba imodeli yeCAD yivangeli. Siza kuskena i-3D-isampulu yokwenziwa ukwenza imodeli yelizwe lokwenyani. Oku kuvumela abadwelisi benkqubo beCAM ukuba bahlengahlengise iindlela zabo zesixhobo kancinci ukuze baphendule ngeeyantlukwano ezincinci kwimilinganiselo yokuphosa njenge-cast. Imalunga nokuziqhelanisa nenyani, hayi nje ukulandela inkcazo eyingcingane. Eli nyathelo lisindise imisebenzi emininzi kwizinto ezilahliweyo ngokunqanda isixhobo ekusikeni umoya kuba udonga beluncinci nge-0.5mm kune-nominal, okanye luyantlitheka ngenxa yokuba lwalungqindilili.
Ukulinganisa ukuchaneka: I-CMM yiJaji, hayi iqabane
Oku kunokuvakala njengenkohliso, kodwa ukuthembela kuphela kwingxelo yeCMM ekuphumeni kwakho ngumgibe. Ukulungelelanisa oomatshini bokulinganisa bayamangalisa, izixhobo eziyimfuneko, kodwa bakunika umfanekiso oqingqiweyo, hayi imuvi epheleleyo. Inxalenye inokulinganisa ngokugqibeleleyo kwitafile yegranite yeCMM kodwa isilele ekusebenzeni. Sijonga igeyiji esebenzayo naphi na apho kunokwenzeka.
Ndikhumbula ivalvu entsonkothileyo enamazibuko aneengile ezininzi. Ingxelo ye-CMM ibonise konke ukunyamezela kwesikhundla kwakungaphakathi kwe-0.01mm-kakuhle ngaphakathi kwe-0.02mm spec. Kodwa xa umxhasi ezama ukuyihlanganisa, iindawo zokukhwelana azizange zilungelelaniswe. Ingxaki? I-CMM ibilinganisa i-axis yebhore nganye ngokuzimeleyo kulwakhiwo lwedatum. Ukupakishwa okuqokelelweyo kweempazamo zemizuzu engama-angular kulo lonke elo candelo, isoftware yeCMM eyenze ngokuchanekileyo ngokwethiyori, ayizange ibambe imvakalelo yehlabathi lokwenyani lokuhlangana. Siye sagqiba ukwenza igeyiji yentsimbi esebenza nzima elinganisa amacandelo okukhwelana. Inxalenye kwafuneka icofe kwigeyiji ngemvakalelo ethile. Loo geji, hayi ingxelo yeCMM, yaba ngumgwebi wokugqibela womgangatho.
Ukugqitywa komphezulu ngomnye umlinganiselo wokuchaneka odla ngokuxelwa ngaphantsi. Inxalenye inokugqibelela ngokomda kodwa ibe nomphezulu ombi wokugqiba obangela ukunxiba okugqithisileyo okanye uthintele isitywina esifanelekileyo. Kumalungu oxinzelelo lwehydraulic, siya kukhankanya kwaye siqinisekise amaxabiso eRa kunye ne-Rz kumphezulu obalulekileyo wokutywina. Ayisiyonkangeleko nje; imalunga nokusebenza. Oku kufuna ukudibanisa okufanelekileyo kwesicwangciso sendlela yesixhobo, i-geometry yempumlo yesixhobo, ibakala lokufaka, kunye nesicelo sokupholisa-konke kulungiswe kakuhle kwizinto ezithile ezivela kwi-inventory ye-QSY, ingaba yintsimbi ye-ductile okanye insimbi engenasici.
I-Element yoMntu: Apho i-algorithm iyeka khona
Ekugqibeleni, awukwazi ukwenza isigwebo ngokuzenzekelayo. Eyona software yeCAM enobugocigoci ayinakukuxelela ukuba indlela yesixhobo esithile, ngelixa isebenza kakuhle, iya kudala ukungcangcazela kwe-harmonic kuphawu olude, olubhityileyo. Oko kuvela kumsebenzisi okanye umdwelisi oye wayibona isenzeka ngaphambili. Ulwazi lwesihlalo-so-ibhulukhwe yinto evala umsantsa phakathi kokugqibelela kwedijithali kunye nokwenyani ngokomzimba.
Sikhuthaza inkcubeko apho oomatshini babuyela kubadwebi benkqubo. Inqaku elifana nokusebenzisa indlela yetrochoidal apha endaweni yesiqhelo yokufaka ipokotho, isixhobo ebekuncokolwa ngaso ekugqibeleni luthuli lwegolide. Le ngxelo yempendulo, ehlala ibhalwa kumhambi womsebenzi okanye kuxoxwe ngayo ngekofu, yiyo ehlala icokisa iinkqubo zethu. Ijika isethi yemiyalelo ibe yinkqubo ephilayo, yokuphucula.
Ke, xa uvavanya umboneleli we ukuchaneka okuphezulu CNC machining iprojekthi, jonga ngaphaya koluhlu loomatshini babo. Buza ngolawulo lwabo lwemozulu. Buza ukuba balawula njani ukunxitywa kwezixhobo kwiisuphalloys. Buza umzekelo wendlela abasingathe ngayo inxalenye ejikajikayo. Iimpendulo zabo ziya kukuxelela ngakumbi malunga nobuchule babo bokwenyani bokuhambisa ngokuchanekileyo kunayo nayiphi na incwadana enemibala eqaqambileyo. Kukwezi nkcukacha zincinci, ezingathandekiyo apho ukuchaneka kokwenyani kuphumelele okanye kulahleke.
